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{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{Expand Italian|topic=bio|Davide_Lazzaretti |date=January 2022}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2009}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=April 2024}}
'''Davide Lazzaretti''' (1834-1878) was the leader of the [[Giusdavidic]] Church in [[Italy]] ([[Monte Amiata]]). Killed in a clash with the [[Carabinieri]] (19th century).
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The dramatic climax appears to be linked to the suggestive power of the Messianic prophecy. After a wait of prayer and fasting duration 3 days, David can not defer more than the fulfillment of the prophecy which announced, and, driven by the expectations it has aroused, goes in procession to meet his destiny. ([[ Mario Di Fiorino]], 1996, 1999)<ref>[[ Mario Di Fiorino]] Se il mondo non finisce. Quando la profezia non si avvera. Forte dei Marmi, 1996 </ref> <ref> [[Mario Di Fiorino]] “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! , Massarosa, 1999. </ref>
{{short description|Italian preacher}}
[[File:Davide lazzaretti.jpg|thumb|Davide Lazzaretti portrait]]
'''Davide Lazzaretti''' (6 November 1834 &ndash; 18 August 1878) was an [[Italy|Italian]] preacher.


== Biography ==
For some people, Lazzaretti was an impostor. Among these are counted the experts, who saw in David a political agitator: “we suspect that Lazzaretti intended a double goal, provoke a religious fanaticism and propagate a political party -- the first aim was merely a pretext, the second was his main objective.”
Davide Lazzeretti was born on 6 November 1834 near [[Arcidosso]], a small town in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTbMGtm-tIC |title=The Athenaeum |date=1885 |publisher=J. Lection |language=en}}</ref> In his early life, Lazzaretti worked as a wagoner and was known as the [[town drunk]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Manns |date=19 August 2020 |title=David Lazzaretti: The Prophet-King of Monte Labbro |url=https://thethinkersgarden.com/david-lazzaretti-prophet-king-of-monte-labbro/ |access-date=5 April 2024}}</ref> In 1860, Lazzaretti participated in nine months of military service, working with [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]] in a military campaign opposing the [[Church State Army]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Di Fiorino |first=Mario |date=1999 |title=If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false ! |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256426318 }}</ref>
Other Authors have hypothesized that there might have been imposture at the beginning. David could have simulated, but then he would have been imprisoned in the acted part. <ref> [[Mario Di Fiorino]] “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! , Massarosa, 1999. </ref>
Barzellotti writes:
“A singular condition of mind with spirit, this, for which reason he, like so many others of the same nature, began perhaps by playing a part in public, in which there was a great amount of self-love and the craving for popularity, and ended with believing himself, with being in fact, for as much as it depended on him, the personage he had assumed.”
And also a doctor, Dr Bottoni, so Verga reports, had supported this interpretation:
“It is assumed that is, that, moved by an over-riding ambition, he had right from the start to get himself looked upon as a prophet, an envoy from God, and that by dint of speaking of the visions he had been privileged to have, of the high mission he had received from God, he had finished up by himself believing in this and in that” .
Barzellotti did not turn a blind eye, moreover, to the psychopathological elements:
“In that so far I have said not only that I do not exclude, but presuppose that he might have been insane, that the morbid impulses, manifest in him from his youth, were then such, especially in the later years of his life, as to dominate his will entirely.” <ref> Giacomo Barzellotti, David Lazzaretti. Di Arcidosso, detto il santo. I suoi seguaci e la sua leggenda, Bologna, Zanichelli 1885 </ref>.
<ref> Giacomo Barzellotti, Monte Amiata e il suo profeta (Davide Lazzaretti), Milano, Fratelli Treves 1910</ref>
Had Lazzaretti the “will to believe” (in the sense given to it by William James)? Had he used trickery, such as, for instance, impression of the mark on his forehead? Is he to be considered, at least so far as genealogical claims go, an impostor?
For a psychitrist, Verga, the central element was that given by the hallucinatory experience. The happenings of visions and hallucinations support the structuring of delusional themes and “open the way to madness.” <ref> [[Mario Di Fiorino]] “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! , Massarosa, 1999. </ref> <ref> Jean-François Mayer “The end of the world: between religious hopes and secolar fears” Forward of “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! Mario Di Fiorino , Massarosa, 1999. </ref>


In 1868, Lazzaretti had his self-proclaimed prophetic meeting with the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]].<ref name=":0" /> This led him to live the life of a hermit, modeled after the life of St Francis. He gained many adherents among the peasants around Monte Amiato and Monte Labbro. He began sporting a tattoo of a key, symbolizing St Peter, on his forehead. At Monte Labbro, he gathered a community of followers, about 80 families. He would disappear for weeks at a time, returning with new prophecies and visions. This continued until 1870 when Lazzaretti created three religiously oriented organizations: the Holy League, the Institute of Penitentiary Hermits and Penitents, and the Society of Christian Families. From 1873 to 1877, he travelled three times to France. He traveled to Rome and attempted to meet with the Pope. He postulated he would become the leader of a Divine Republic consisting of the three Latin peoples of Spain, France and Italy. On the 18th of August, a few days after the date he predicted the Divine Republic would start, he led a crowd of his followers, dressed in peasant garb to the town, where the local policemen shot him dead.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTbMGtm-tIC |title=The Athenaeum |date=1885 |publisher=J. Lection |language=en}}</ref>
The Bible wisely warns: "of that day and hour no one knows, no, not even the angels" (Matthew 24:36). It is true, however, that the faithful are encouraged to be aware of the signs of times. Hence it is not surprising that believers feel legitimized in their interest for what should remain inscrutable. There will continue to be expectations – of Christ, of the end of the world, of the New Age, of extraterrestrial saviours… – and disappointments following failed prophecies. But we know that, "when prophecy fails" ([[Leon Festinger]], 1956) <ref> Leon Festinger et al., When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956. </ref>, followers sometimes persevere and are not discouraged to try again.
Scholars with backgrounds in various disciplines have undertaken to explore the fascinating world of apocalypticism in its various forms. But there is still a lot to do in order to understand better the dynamics of apocalyptic movements. The names of David Lazzaretti and the Giurisdavidica Church are not unknown to the small circles of millenial experts.
([[Jean-François Mayer]], 1999) <ref> Jean-François Mayer “The end of the world: between religious hopes and secolar fears” Forward of “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! Mario Di Fiorino , Massarosa, 1999. </ref>


The David Lazzaretti Study Center in [[Arcidosso]], located in Italy, is named after him<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=David Lazzaretti Study Center |url=https://maremma.name/en/amiata/arcidosso/david-lazzaretti-study-center/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=maremma.name |language=en-US}}</ref>
Psychiatrists gave very different interpretations on the story of David. The experts, Silvaggi and Benghini, the Court of Rieti, who were able to visit Lazzaretti argue for malingering. They describe the "brand name" on the forehead "an irregular parallelogram of which the upper side had 13 dots arranged in a weird way ...". Lombroso write about the language of David, full of neologisms and paralogie: "the clearest light of his madness Lazzaretti has offered it in his writings".
Another psychiatrist, Verga, titled his book: "David Lazzaretti and sensory madness", attributing great importance to hallucinations in the genesis of the disease.<ref>[[ Mario Di Fiorino]] Se il mondo non finisce. Quando la profezia non si avvera. Forte dei Marmi, 1996 </ref> <ref> [[Mario Di Fiorino]] “If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false! , Massarosa, 1999. </ref>


==References==
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

| NAME = Lazzeretti, Davide
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =

| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazzaretti, Davide}}
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1834
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1878
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazzeretti, Davide}}
[[Category:Italian religious leaders]]
[[Category:Italian religious leaders]]
[[Category:1834 births|Lazzaretti]]
[[Category:1834 births|Lazzaretti]]
[[Category:1878 deaths|Lazzaretti]]
[[Category:1878 deaths|Lazzaretti]]



{{Italy-reli-bio-stub}}
{{Italy-reli-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:36, 11 October 2024

Davide Lazzaretti portrait

Davide Lazzaretti (6 November 1834 – 18 August 1878) was an Italian preacher.

Biography

[edit]

Davide Lazzeretti was born on 6 November 1834 near Arcidosso, a small town in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany.[1] In his early life, Lazzaretti worked as a wagoner and was known as the town drunk.[2] In 1860, Lazzaretti participated in nine months of military service, working with Garibaldi in a military campaign opposing the Church State Army.[3]

In 1868, Lazzaretti had his self-proclaimed prophetic meeting with the Virgin Mary.[2] This led him to live the life of a hermit, modeled after the life of St Francis. He gained many adherents among the peasants around Monte Amiato and Monte Labbro. He began sporting a tattoo of a key, symbolizing St Peter, on his forehead. At Monte Labbro, he gathered a community of followers, about 80 families. He would disappear for weeks at a time, returning with new prophecies and visions. This continued until 1870 when Lazzaretti created three religiously oriented organizations: the Holy League, the Institute of Penitentiary Hermits and Penitents, and the Society of Christian Families. From 1873 to 1877, he travelled three times to France. He traveled to Rome and attempted to meet with the Pope. He postulated he would become the leader of a Divine Republic consisting of the three Latin peoples of Spain, France and Italy. On the 18th of August, a few days after the date he predicted the Divine Republic would start, he led a crowd of his followers, dressed in peasant garb to the town, where the local policemen shot him dead.[4]

The David Lazzaretti Study Center in Arcidosso, located in Italy, is named after him[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Athenaeum. J. Lection. 1885.
  2. ^ a b Manns (19 August 2020). "David Lazzaretti: The Prophet-King of Monte Labbro". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  3. ^ Di Fiorino, Mario (1999). "If the world does not end. When the prophecy plays false !".
  4. ^ The Athenaeum. J. Lection. 1885.
  5. ^ "David Lazzaretti Study Center". maremma.name. 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
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