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{{short description|Australian cyclist}}
{{Short description|Australian cyclist (1910–1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2015}}
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== Australian cycling career ==
== Australian cycling career ==
Nicholson was a professional cyclist in the years before World War II. He competed on both [[Road bicycle racing|road]] and [[Track cycling|track]], as was typical of Australian cyclists of the era such as [[Hubert Opperman]] and [[Richard Lamb]].
Nicholson was a professional cyclist in the years before World War II. He competed on both [[Road bicycle racing|road]] and [[Track cycling|track]], as was typical of Australian cyclists of the era such as [[Hubert Opperman]] and [[Richard Lamb]].


Nicholson was third in the 1929 [[Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic|Warrnambool to Melbourne Classic]], behind Opperman and Horrie Marshall {{r|CanBic}} and won the 1929 [[Wangaratta]] to [[Melbourne]] race.{{r|CanBic}} In February 1930 Nicholson rode {{convert|55.5|mi|km}} to break the Australian one hour [[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced cycling]] record, previously held by Opperman.{{r|MecFeb30}} The following week Opperman narrowly defeated Nicholson in a {{convert|10|mi|km}} motor-paced [[match race]].{{r|SMHMar30}} In September 1930 Nicholson broke the record for [[Canberra]] to [[Melbourne]] completing the {{convert|417|mi|km}} in 26 hours 19 minutes.{{r|RefSep30}} A week later Nicholson set the fastest time in the {{convert|116|mi|km}}Tour of [[Gippsland]].{{r|GloSep30}}
Nicholson was third in the 1929 [[Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic|Warrnambool to Melbourne Classic]], behind Opperman and Horrie Marshall{{Hsp}}{{r|CanBic}} and won the 1929 [[Wangaratta]] to [[Melbourne]] race.{{r|CanBic}} In February 1930 Nicholson rode {{convert|55.5|mi|km}} to break the Australian one hour [[Motor-paced racing|motor-paced cycling]] record, previously held by Opperman.{{r|MecFeb30}} The following week Opperman narrowly defeated Nicholson in a {{convert|10|mi|km}} motor-paced [[match race]].{{r|SMHMar30}} In September 1930 Nicholson broke the record for [[Canberra]] to [[Melbourne]] completing the {{convert|417|mi|km}} in 26 hours 19 minutes.{{r|RefSep30}} A week later Nicholson set the fastest time in the {{convert|116|mi|km}}Tour of [[Gippsland]].{{r|GloSep30}}


In 1934 Nicholson was training [[Billie Samuel]] to break records.<ref name="Guinness2018">{{cite book|author=Rupert Guinness|title=Power of the Pedal: The Story of Australian Cycling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfiCDwAAQBAJ|date=1 October 2018|publisher=National Library of Australia|isbn=978-0-642-27922-4|page=30}}</ref> In the same year he was suspended for six months for interfering with E Waterford who was making a record attempt from Adelaide to Melbourne. The suspension was extended to 12 months as Nicholson unsuccessfully appealed. Nicholson was able to have the suspension lifted in time to ride in the [[Centenary 1000]].{{r|Glo19Sep34}} The [[Centenary 1000]] was a one-week race over seven stages covering {{convert|1102|mi|km}}. The race was run in as part of the celebrations of the Centenary of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].{{r|Glo11Apr34}} In stage 2 there was a crash at a railway crossing a few miles from [[Penshurst, Victoria|Penshurst]] involving Nicholson, Joe Buckley and Bill Brewer. Nicholson suffered a severe head injury, completing the stage despite suffering from [[concussion]], but abandoning the race at Stawell.{{r|Nic24Oct34}}
In 1934 Nicholson was training [[Billie Samuel]] to break records.<ref name="Guinness2018">{{cite book|author=Rupert Guinness|title=Power of the Pedal: The Story of Australian Cycling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfiCDwAAQBAJ|date=1 October 2018|publisher=National Library of Australia|isbn=978-0-642-27922-4|page=30}}</ref> In the same year he was suspended for six months for interfering with E Waterford who was making a record attempt from Adelaide to Melbourne. The suspension was extended to 12 months as Nicholson unsuccessfully appealed. Nicholson was able to have the suspension lifted in time to ride in the [[Centenary 1000]].{{r|Glo19Sep34}} The [[Centenary 1000]] was a one-week race over seven stages covering {{convert|1102|mi|km}}. The race was run in as part of the celebrations of the Centenary of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].{{r|Glo11Apr34}} In stage 2 there was a crash at a railway crossing a few miles from [[Penshurst, Victoria|Penshurst]] involving Nicholson, Joe Buckley and Bill Brewer. Nicholson suffered a severe head injury, completing the stage despite suffering from [[concussion]], but abandoning the race at Stawell.{{r|Nic24Oct34}}


In 1938 Nicholsen set the Australian men's seven day record, riding {{convert|1507|mi|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127505862 |title=Nicholson averages 215 miles a day for week |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]] |date=16 June 1938 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
In 1938 Nicholsen set the Australian men's seven day record, riding {{convert|1507|mi|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127505862 |title=Nicholson averages 215 miles a day for week |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]] |date=16 June 1938 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


== 1931 Tour de France ==
== 1931 Tour de France ==
Nicholson rode in the [[1931 Tour de France]] in a combined Australia/Switzerland team including Opperman, Lamb and [[Frankie Thomas (cyclist)|Frankie Thomas]]. In the third stage Nicholson's crank broke. The 18&nbsp;km walk for a new crank meant Nicholson finished outside the time limit and was eliminated.{{r|CanBic}}
Nicholson rode in the [[1931 Tour de France]] in a combined Australia/Switzerland team including Opperman, Lamb and [[Frankie Thomas (cyclist)|Frankie Thomas]]. In the third stage Nicholson's crank broke. The 18&nbsp;km walk for a new crank meant Nicholson finished outside the time limit and was eliminated.{{r|CanBic}}


== World endurance record for distance cycled in a single year ==
== World endurance record for distance cycled in a single year ==
In 1911 the weekly magazine [[Cycling Weekly|''Cycling'']] began a competition for the highest number of 100 mile rides or "centuries" in a single year.{{r|100ago}} The winner was [[Marcel Planes]] with 332 centuries{{r|100ago}} in which he covered {{convert|34,366|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan33}} A.R. Peebles of England had the highest number of consecutive centuries with 268.{{r|RefJan37}}
In 1911 the weekly magazine [[Cycling Weekly|''Cycling'']] began a competition for the highest number of 100 mile rides or "centuries" in a single year.{{r|100ago}} The winner was [[Marcel Planes]] with 332 centuries{{r|100ago}} in which he covered {{convert|34,366|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan33}} A.R. Peebles of England had the highest number of consecutive centuries with 268.{{r|RefJan37}}


In 1932 the record for the greatest distance cycled in a single year was set by [[Arthur Humbles]] of [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]] with {{convert|36,007|mi|km}}.{{r|Gold Humbles}}
In 1932 the record for the greatest distance cycled in a single year was set by [[Arthur Humbles]] of [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]] with {{convert|36,007|mi|km}}.{{r|Gold Humbles}}


[[Malvern Star]] was a sponsor of Nicholson, so when he agreed to undertake the record attempt in 1933 with [[Bruce Small]] as his manager and promoter, Malvern Star supplied the bicycle with the latest equipment, the first [[derailleur]] to be available in Australia, a 3-speed made by the [[Cyclo Gear Company]].{{r|CanBic}}{{r|Cyclo}}{{r|GloOct33}} Nicholson was a tyre tester for [[Dunlop Rubber]] who supplied his tyres.{{r|CanBic}}{{r|RefSep30}} Nicholson's initial target was {{convert|110|mi|km}} for a total of {{convert|40,150|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan33}} He predominantly rode from Melbourne to [[Portsea, Victoria|Portsea]]. A car collided with Nicholson on 12 December 1933, but despite a trip to hospital Nicholson was able to continue his rides without interruption.{{r|CanBic}} Nicholson raised the record to {{convert|43,966|mi|km}}.{{r|RefJan37}}
[[Malvern Star]] was a sponsor of Nicholson, so when he agreed to undertake the record attempt in 1933 with [[Bruce Small]] as his manager and promoter, Malvern Star supplied the bicycle with the latest equipment, the first [[derailleur]] to be available in Australia, a 3-speed made by the [[Cyclo Gear Company]].{{r|CanBic}}{{r|Cyclo}}{{r|GloOct33}} Nicholson was a tyre tester for [[Dunlop Rubber]] who supplied his tyres.{{r|CanBic}}{{r|RefSep30}} In 1937 the [[League of Victorian Wheelmen]] declined a request by Nicholson for patronage for his attempt on the record. Nicholson's response was to appoint a committee to supervise his attempt.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 January 1937 |title=Nicholson's ride, won't press it, claim for patronage. |page=20 |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]] |via=Trove |location=Sydney, NSW |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127617913}}</ref> Nicholson's initial target was {{convert|110|mi|km}} for a total of {{convert|40,150|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan33}} He predominantly rode from Melbourne to [[Portsea, Victoria|Portsea]]. A car collided with Nicholson on 12 December 1933, but despite a trip to hospital Nicholson was able to continue his rides without interruption.{{r|CanBic}} Nicholson raised the record to {{convert|43,966|mi|km}}.{{r|RefJan37}}


Nicholson rode more than {{convert|100|mi|km}} on every day and in doing so broke the record for the highest number of consecutive centuries, held by A.R. Peebles.{{r|RefJan37}} It appears that Nicholson's record is unmatched.<ref group="n">While [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] rode an average of {{convert|205|mi|km}} per day in 1939, there were four days in which he rode less than {{convert|100|mi|km}}, 28 October, 15, 25 and 31 December 1939.</ref>
Nicholson rode more than {{convert|100|mi|km}} on every day and in doing so broke the record for the highest number of consecutive centuries, held by A.R. Peebles.{{r|RefJan37}} It appears that Nicholson's record was unmatched until 2017.{{efn|* While [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] rode an average of {{convert|205|mi|km}} per day in 1939, there were four days in which he rode less than {{convert|100|mi|km}}, 28 October, 15, 25 and 31 December 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |title=October 1939 |url=https://www.tommygodwin.com/1939-stats/october/ }} {{Cite web |title=December 1939 |url=https://www.tommygodwin.com/1939-stats/december/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Tommy Godwin.com}}</ref>
* When [[Kurt Searvogel]] set the distance record in 2015-16, there were five days in which he rode less than {{convert|100|mi|km}}, 13 March, 16 & 17 April, 27 August and 4 October 2015.{{refn|name=WUCA Searvogel|{{cite web |title=Highest Annual Mileage (HAM'R) Results, Kurt Searvogel |url=https://ultracycling.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/umca_hamr_2016-01-11.xlsx |access-date=2022-04-04 |publisher=World Ultra Cycling Association |df=dmy-all}}}}
* [[Amanda Coker]] rode more than {{convert|100|mi|km}} every day between 2 September 2016 and 7 November 2017.{{refn|name=WUCA Coker|{{cite web |title=Highes Annual Mileage (HAM'R) Results - Amanda Coker |url=https://ultracycling.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/umca_hamr_2016-01-11.xlsx |access-date=2022-04-04 |publisher=World Ultra Cycling Association |df=dmy-all}}}}}}


For his efforts, Nicholson received £25 from Cyclo and a gold watch from Dunlop.{{r|CanBic}} Nicholson is reported to have received an unspecified [[honorarium]] from an unnamed "English sportsman" for the period he held the record.{{r|RefJan37}}
For his efforts, Nicholson received £25 from Cyclo and a gold watch from Dunlop.{{r|CanBic}} Nicholson is reported to have received an unspecified [[honorarium]] from an unnamed "English sportsman" for the period he held the record.{{r|RefJan37}}
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Nicholson's record was broken in 1936 by [[Walter Greaves (cyclist)|Walter Greaves]] of Great Britain with {{convert|45,383|mi|km}}.{{r|CouJan37}}
Nicholson's record was broken in 1936 by [[Walter Greaves (cyclist)|Walter Greaves]] of Great Britain with {{convert|45,383|mi|km}}.{{r|CouJan37}}


On New Year's Day 1937, Nicholson rode off on the difficult journey to wrest back the record.{{ r|CouJan37}} [[Bernard Bennett (cyclist)|Bernard Bennett]] and [[René Menzies]] were also attempting to break the record. Nicholson's initial target was {{convert|150|mi|km}} per day{{ r|CouJan37}} for a total of {{convert|54,750|mi|km}}. Nicholson developed a lead however Menzies had drawn level in October 1937, as both passed Greaves' distance.{{r|CanBic}} Each of the three riders beat Greaves' mark with Bennett riding {{convert|45,801|mi|km}} and Menzies riding {{convert|61561|mi|km}}. Nicholson regained the record with {{convert|62,657|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan38}} The record was broken in 1939 by [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] with {{convert|75,065|mi|km}}.{{r|PClub 1932}}
On New Year's Day 1937, Nicholson rode off on the difficult journey to wrest back the record.{{ r|CouJan37}} [[Bernard Bennett (cyclist)|Bernard Bennett]] and [[René Menzies]] were also attempting to break the record. Nicholson's initial target was {{convert|150|mi|km}} per day{{ r|CouJan37}} for a total of {{convert|54,750|mi|km}}. Nicholson developed a lead however Menzies had drawn level in October 1937, as both passed Greaves' distance.{{r|CanBic}} Each of the three riders beat Greaves' mark with Bennett riding {{convert|45,801|mi|km}} and Menzies riding {{convert|61561|mi|km}}. Nicholson regained the record with {{convert|62,657|mi|km}}.{{r|SMHJan38}} The record was broken in 1939 by [[Tommy Godwin (cyclist born 1912)|Tommy Godwin]] with {{convert|75,065|mi|km}}.{{r|PClub 1932}}


He died in November 1965 in Auckland, New Zealand from a heart attack.<ref>[https://www.bicyclingaustralia.com.au/news/legends-of-endurance-cycling-100-000km-in-a-year Legends Of Endurance Cycling: 100,000km In A Year]</ref><ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/19711044/person/1121231702/facts Ancestry LifeStory: Oserick Bernard ("Ossie") Nicholson]</ref>
He died in November 1965 in Auckland, New Zealand from a heart attack.<ref>[https://www.bicyclingaustralia.com.au/news/legends-of-endurance-cycling-100-000km-in-a-year Legends Of Endurance Cycling: 100,000km In A Year]</ref><ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/19711044/person/1121231702/facts Ancestry LifeStory: Oserick Bernard ("Ossie") Nicholson]</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}
{{Notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
{{reflist|30em|refs=


<ref name="MecFeb30">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29156321 |title=Cycling |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Hobart, Tas. |date=28 February 1930 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="MecFeb30">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29156321 |title=Cycling |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Hobart, Tas. |date=28 February 1930 |page=13 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHMar30">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16631726 |title=Australian Cycling Championships. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=10 March 1930 |page=16 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHMar30">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16631726 |title=Australian Cycling Championships. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=10 March 1930 |page=16 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="RefSep30">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131164920 |title=Another Marathon |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]]|location=Sydney |date=24 September 1930 |page=21 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="RefSep30">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131164920 |title=Another Marathon |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]]|location=Sydney |date=24 September 1930 |page=21 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="GloSep30">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182997733 |title=Brighton cyclist wins strenuous race through Gippsland |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=27 September 1930 |page=4 Edition: StumpsEdition |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="GloSep30">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182997733 |title=Brighton cyclist wins strenuous race through Gippsland |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=27 September 1930 |page=4 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="Cyclo">{{cite web|title=Cyclo Standard |url=http://www.disraeligears.co.uk/Site/Cyclo_Standard_derailleur.html|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Cyclo">{{cite web|title=Cyclo Standard |url=http://www.disraeligears.co.uk/Site/Cyclo_Standard_derailleur.html|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="RefJan37">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127617653 |title=Ossie for Aussie |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]]|location=Sydney |date=7 January 1937 |page=20 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="RefJan37">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127617653 |title=Ossie for Aussie |newspaper=[[The Referee (newspaper)|The Referee]]|location=Sydney |date=7 January 1937 |page=20 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="CanBic">{{cite web|url=http://canberrabicyclemuseum.com.au/MalvernStar/ossie_nicholson.htm |title=Australian Cycling Legend |publisher=Canberra Bicycle Museum |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007112110/http://canberrabicyclemuseum.com.au/MalvernStar/ossie_nicholson.htm |archivedate=2009-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="CanBic">{{cite web|url=http://canberrabicyclemuseum.com.au/MalvernStar/ossie_nicholson.htm |title=Australian Cycling Legend |publisher=Canberra Bicycle Museum |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007112110/http://canberrabicyclemuseum.com.au/MalvernStar/ossie_nicholson.htm |archivedate=2009-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="CouJan37">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36886505 |title=Nicholson's Big Task |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |location=Brisbane |date=11 January 1937 |page=17 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="CouJan37">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36886505 |title=Nicholson's Big Task |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |location=Brisbane |date=11 January 1937 |page=17 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHJan33">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16943682 |title=Year's Road Riding. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=7 January 1933 |page=18 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHJan33">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16943682 |title=Year's Road Riding. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=7 January 1933 |page=18 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="100ago">{{cite web|title=One Hundred Years Ago...|url=http://roadcyclinguk.com/blogs/richards-blog/one-hundred-years-ago.html|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="100ago">{{cite web|title=One Hundred Years Ago...|url=http://roadcyclinguk.com/blogs/richards-blog/one-hundred-years-ago.html|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHJan38">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17429157 |title=Cycling. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=18 January 1938 |page=16 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="SMHJan38">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17429157 |title=Cycling. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=18 January 1938 |page=16 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="PClub 1932">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/p-t/TomGodwin.html |title=The Golden Book of Cycling. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Thomas Edward Godwin |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403120851/http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/p-t/TomGodwin.html |archive-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="PClub 1932">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/p-t/TomGodwin.html |title=The Golden Book of Cycling. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Thomas Edward Godwin |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403120851/http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/p-t/TomGodwin.html |archive-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Gold Humbles">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/a-e/AlbertHumbles.html |title=The Golden Book of Cycling – Harry Grant, 1933. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Arthur Humbles. |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175003/http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/a-e/AlbertHumbles.html |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Gold Humbles">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/a-e/AlbertHumbles.html |title=The Golden Book of Cycling – Harry Grant, 1933. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Arthur Humbles. |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175003/http://www.thepedalclub.org/archives/goldenbook/a-e/AlbertHumbles.html |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="GloOct33">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article181745882 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=25 October 1933 |page=15 Edition: Edition1 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="GloOct33">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article181745882 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=25 October 1933 |page=15 Edition: Edition1 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="Glo11Apr34">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184280210 |title=Great cycle road race for centenary |newspaper=[[Sporting Globe |Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954)]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=11 April 1934 |page=10 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="Glo11Apr34">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184280210 |title=Great cycle road race for centenary |newspaper=[[Sporting Globe |Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954)]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=11 April 1934 |page=10 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="Glo19Sep34">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183739847 |title=Suspension Lifted |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=19 September 1934 |page=10 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="Glo19Sep34">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183739847 |title=Suspension Lifted |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=19 September 1934 |page=10 |via=Trove}}</ref>
<ref name="Nic24Oct34">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742595 |title=Nicholson Rode Unconscious After Severe Head Injury. |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=24 October 1934 |page=12 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
<ref name="Nic24Oct34">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183742595 |title=Nicholson Rode Unconscious After Severe Head Injury. |newspaper=[[The Sporting Globe]] |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=24 October 1934 |page=12 |via=Trove}}</ref>
}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{cycling archives|24025}}
*{{cycling Archives|24025}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802070146/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/coureurs/19.html Official Tour de France results for Ossie Nicholson]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802070146/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/coureurs/19.html Official Tour de France results for Ossie Nicholson]


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[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian male cyclists]]
[[Category:Australian male cyclists]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Cyclists from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Ultra-distance cyclists]]
[[Category:Ultra-distance cyclists]]
[[Category:Sportsmen from Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian sportsmen]]

Latest revision as of 05:18, 11 October 2024

Ossie Nicholson
Ossie Nicholson sitting at dining table with Valda Unthank, Jack O'Donohue (publicity manager for Bruce Small Ltd) and Mrs M Smith (Vic Women Cyclists Union)
Personal information
Full nameOserick Bernard Nicholson
NicknameOssie, pocket Hercules
Born1910
Lachlan, Tasmania, Australia
Died9 November 1965(1965-11-09) (aged 54–55)
Henderson, Auckland New Zealand
Team information
DisciplineRoad & track
RoleRider
Rider typeEndurance
Major wins
World Endurance record for a single year 43,966 miles (70,756 km) in 1933.

365 consecutive 100 miles (160 km) rides in 1933.

World Endurance record for a single year 62,657 miles (100,837 km) in 1937

Oserick Bernard "Ossie" Nicholson (1910 – 9 November 1965) was an Australian cyclist who twice held the World Endurance record for distance in a calendar year.

Australian cycling career

[edit]

Nicholson was a professional cyclist in the years before World War II. He competed on both road and track, as was typical of Australian cyclists of the era such as Hubert Opperman and Richard Lamb.

Nicholson was third in the 1929 Warrnambool to Melbourne Classic, behind Opperman and Horrie Marshall [1] and won the 1929 Wangaratta to Melbourne race.[1] In February 1930 Nicholson rode 55.5 miles (89.3 km) to break the Australian one hour motor-paced cycling record, previously held by Opperman.[2] The following week Opperman narrowly defeated Nicholson in a 10 miles (16 km) motor-paced match race.[3] In September 1930 Nicholson broke the record for Canberra to Melbourne completing the 417 miles (671 km) in 26 hours 19 minutes.[4] A week later Nicholson set the fastest time in the 116 miles (187 km)Tour of Gippsland.[5]

In 1934 Nicholson was training Billie Samuel to break records.[6] In the same year he was suspended for six months for interfering with E Waterford who was making a record attempt from Adelaide to Melbourne. The suspension was extended to 12 months as Nicholson unsuccessfully appealed. Nicholson was able to have the suspension lifted in time to ride in the Centenary 1000.[7] The Centenary 1000 was a one-week race over seven stages covering 1,102 miles (1,773 km). The race was run in as part of the celebrations of the Centenary of Victoria.[8] In stage 2 there was a crash at a railway crossing a few miles from Penshurst involving Nicholson, Joe Buckley and Bill Brewer. Nicholson suffered a severe head injury, completing the stage despite suffering from concussion, but abandoning the race at Stawell.[9]

In 1938 Nicholsen set the Australian men's seven day record, riding 1,507 miles (2,425 km).[10]

1931 Tour de France

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Nicholson rode in the 1931 Tour de France in a combined Australia/Switzerland team including Opperman, Lamb and Frankie Thomas. In the third stage Nicholson's crank broke. The 18 km walk for a new crank meant Nicholson finished outside the time limit and was eliminated.[1]

World endurance record for distance cycled in a single year

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In 1911 the weekly magazine Cycling began a competition for the highest number of 100 mile rides or "centuries" in a single year.[11] The winner was Marcel Planes with 332 centuries[11] in which he covered 34,366 miles (55,307 km).[12] A.R. Peebles of England had the highest number of consecutive centuries with 268.[13]

In 1932 the record for the greatest distance cycled in a single year was set by Arthur Humbles of Great Britain with 36,007 miles (57,948 km).[14]

Malvern Star was a sponsor of Nicholson, so when he agreed to undertake the record attempt in 1933 with Bruce Small as his manager and promoter, Malvern Star supplied the bicycle with the latest equipment, the first derailleur to be available in Australia, a 3-speed made by the Cyclo Gear Company.[1][15][16] Nicholson was a tyre tester for Dunlop Rubber who supplied his tyres.[1][4] In 1937 the League of Victorian Wheelmen declined a request by Nicholson for patronage for his attempt on the record. Nicholson's response was to appoint a committee to supervise his attempt.[17] Nicholson's initial target was 110 miles (180 km) for a total of 40,150 miles (64,620 km).[12] He predominantly rode from Melbourne to Portsea. A car collided with Nicholson on 12 December 1933, but despite a trip to hospital Nicholson was able to continue his rides without interruption.[1] Nicholson raised the record to 43,966 miles (70,756 km).[13]

Nicholson rode more than 100 miles (160 km) on every day and in doing so broke the record for the highest number of consecutive centuries, held by A.R. Peebles.[13] It appears that Nicholson's record was unmatched until 2017.[a]

For his efforts, Nicholson received £25 from Cyclo and a gold watch from Dunlop.[1] Nicholson is reported to have received an unspecified honorarium from an unnamed "English sportsman" for the period he held the record.[13]

Nicholson's record was broken in 1936 by Walter Greaves of Great Britain with 45,383 miles (73,037 km).[21]

On New Year's Day 1937, Nicholson rode off on the difficult journey to wrest back the record.[21] Bernard Bennett and René Menzies were also attempting to break the record. Nicholson's initial target was 150 miles (240 km) per day[21] for a total of 54,750 miles (88,110 km). Nicholson developed a lead however Menzies had drawn level in October 1937, as both passed Greaves' distance.[1] Each of the three riders beat Greaves' mark with Bennett riding 45,801 miles (73,710 km) and Menzies riding 61,561 miles (99,073 km). Nicholson regained the record with 62,657 miles (100,837 km).[22] The record was broken in 1939 by Tommy Godwin with 75,065 miles (120,805 km).[23]

He died in November 1965 in Auckland, New Zealand from a heart attack.[24][25]

Notes

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  1. ^ * While Tommy Godwin rode an average of 205 miles (330 km) per day in 1939, there were four days in which he rode less than 100 miles (160 km), 28 October, 15, 25 and 31 December 1939.[18]
    • When Kurt Searvogel set the distance record in 2015-16, there were five days in which he rode less than 100 miles (160 km), 13 March, 16 & 17 April, 27 August and 4 October 2015.[19]
    • Amanda Coker rode more than 100 miles (160 km) every day between 2 September 2016 and 7 November 2017.[20]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Australian Cycling Legend". Canberra Bicycle Museum. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009.
  2. ^ "Cycling". The Mercury. Hobart, Tas. 28 February 1930. p. 13 – via Trove.
  3. ^ "Australian Cycling Championships". The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 March 1930. p. 16 – via Trove.
  4. ^ a b "Another Marathon". The Referee. Sydney. 24 September 1930. p. 21 – via Trove.
  5. ^ "Brighton cyclist wins strenuous race through Gippsland". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic. 27 September 1930. p. 4 – via Trove.
  6. ^ Rupert Guinness (1 October 2018). Power of the Pedal: The Story of Australian Cycling. National Library of Australia. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-642-27922-4.
  7. ^ "Suspension Lifted". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic. 19 September 1934. p. 10 – via Trove.
  8. ^ "Great cycle road race for centenary". Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954). Melbourne, Vic. 11 April 1934. p. 10 – via Trove.
  9. ^ "Nicholson Rode Unconscious After Severe Head Injury". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic. 24 October 1934. p. 12 – via Trove.
  10. ^ "Nicholson averages 215 miles a day for week". The Referee. 16 June 1938. p. 20 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ a b "One Hundred Years Ago..." Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  12. ^ a b "Year's Road Riding". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 January 1933. p. 18 – via Trove.
  13. ^ a b c d "Ossie for Aussie". The Referee. Sydney. 7 January 1937. p. 20 – via Trove.
  14. ^ "The Golden Book of Cycling – Harry Grant, 1933. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Arthur Humbles". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  15. ^ "Cyclo Standard". Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Advertising". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic. 25 October 1933. p. 15 Edition: Edition1 – via Trove.
  17. ^ "Nicholson's ride, won't press it, claim for patronage". The Referee. Sydney, NSW. 28 January 1937. p. 20 – via Trove.
  18. ^ "October 1939". "December 1939". Tommy Godwin.com. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  19. ^ "Highest Annual Mileage (HAM'R) Results, Kurt Searvogel". World Ultra Cycling Association. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  20. ^ "Highes Annual Mileage (HAM'R) Results - Amanda Coker". World Ultra Cycling Association. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  21. ^ a b c "Nicholson's Big Task". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane. 11 January 1937. p. 17 – via Trove.
  22. ^ "Cycling". The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 January 1938. p. 16 – via Trove.
  23. ^ "The Golden Book of Cycling. Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club' – Citation for Thomas Edward Godwin". Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  24. ^ Legends Of Endurance Cycling: 100,000km In A Year
  25. ^ Ancestry LifeStory: Oserick Bernard ("Ossie") Nicholson
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