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{{short description|Indonesian judge and national hero (1898 – 1952)}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates| date = January 2022}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
| name = Kusumah Atmaja
| honorific_prefix = [[Doctor (title)|Dr.]] [[Priyayi#Titles|Raden]]
⚫
| image = Kusumah Atmaja.jpg
| caption = Kusumah Atmadja
| name = Kusumah Atmaja
| native_name =
⚫
| office = [[Chairman of Supreme Court of Indonesia]]
| term_start = 1950
| honorific_suffix =
⚫
| image = Prof. Dr. Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja.png
| term_end = 1952
| predecessor = New Term
| image_size = 180px
⚫
| alt = Portrait of Kusumah Atmaja
⚫
| successor = [[Wirjono Prodjodikoro]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|9|8}}
| caption = Portrait, date unknown

⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1952|8|11|1898|9|8}}
⚫
| order =
⚫
| birth_place = {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Purwakarta Regency|Purwakarta]], [[West Java]], [[Dutch East Indies]]
| office = 1st [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia|Chief Justice]] of the<br>[[Supreme Court of Indonesia]]
⚫
| death_place = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| term_start = 19 August 1945
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Leiden University]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| term_end = 11 August 1952
| nominator = [[Sukarno]]
| predecessor = ''Office established''
⚫
| successor = [[Wirjono Prodjodikoro]]

| birth_name = Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|9|8| df = yes}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Purwakarta Regency|Purwakarta]], [[Dutch East Indies]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1952|8|11|1898|9|8| df = yes}}
⚫
| death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| nationality = [[Indonesians|Indonesian]]
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Leiden University]]
| occupation = [[Judge]]
⚫
| awards = [[National Hero of Indonesia]]
}}
}}
'''Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja''' ([[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|EVO]]: '''Soelaiman Effendi Koesoemah Atmadja'''; 8 September 1898 – 11 August 1952) was an Indonesian judge and [[National Hero of Indonesia|national hero]] who served as the first [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia|chief justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of Indonesia]] from August 1945 until August 1952. He was born to a [[Priyayi|noble]] ethnic-[[Sundanese people|Sundanese family]] in [[Purwakarta Regency|Purwakarta]], and obtained a [[Law degree|law diploma]] from the ''[[University of Indonesia|Rechtschool]]'' in 1913. In 1919, he worked as a [[court clerk]] in [[Bandung]], before leaving that job to continue his legal education at [[Leiden University]]. After graduating from Leiden in 1922, he returned to the [[Dutch East Indies|East Indies]], and became a judge in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] and later [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]].


During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation period]], he continued working as a court official, serving as chief justices in the courts of [[Semarang]] and [[Padang]]. He became a member of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] in March 1945, and following the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|proclamation of independence]], he played a role in the formation of the supreme court. On 19 August 1945, he was appointed chief justice by [[President of Indonesia|President]] [[Sukarno]]. As chief justice, he was involved in the prosecution of the officers who had been involved in the [[3 July Affair]] and served as the legal advisor to the Indonesian delegation at the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]]. He died on 11 August 1952, in Jakarta, and his body was interred in the [[Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery|Heroes' Cemetery]] in [[Kalibata]].
Prof. Dr. '''Raden Soelaiman Effendi Koesoemah Atmadja''' is a [[National Heroes of Indonesia|National Hero of Indonesia]] and the first Chairman of its [[Supreme Court of Indonesia|Supreme Court]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Atmaja was born on September 8, 1898 to a noble family in [[Purwakarta Regency]], [[Purwakarta]], West Java.
Kusumah Atmaja was born on 8 September 1898, to a noble family in [[Purwakarta Regency]], [[Purwakarta]], [[West Java]].


He obtained his diploma from the Faculty of Law at the Recht school, or the School of Justice, at the [[University of Indonesia]] in 1913.
He obtained his diploma from the [[University of Indonesia|''Recht Hoge School'']] (literally 'High School of Justice') in 1913.


Atmadja started his career as a court clerk in 1919 and was seconded to the Court at [[Bogor]]. That same year he received a scholarship to continue his legal education at the [[University of Leiden]].
Kusumah Atmadja started his career as a court clerk in 1919 and was seconded to the Court at [[Bogor|Buitenzorg]] (now Bogor). That same year he received a scholarship to continue his legal education at the [[University of Leiden]].


In 1922 he completed his studies. He obtained the title ''Doctor in de rechtsgeleerheid'' with a dissertation entitled '' De Mohamedaansche Vrome Stichtingen in Indie'' (Institute of Islamic Scholars in the Dutch East Indies), in which he outlined the [[law of war]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]].
In 1922 he completed his studies. He obtained the title ''Doctor in de rechtsgeleerheid'' with a dissertation entitled '' De Mohamedaansche Vrome Stichtingen in Indië'' (Institute of Islamic Scholars in the Dutch East Indies), in which he outlined the [[law of war]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]].


==Judicial career==
==Judicial career==
Upon his return to the Dutch East Indies, Kusuma offered directly Atmadja judge Raad Van Justitie (at [[High Court]]) [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. To take part in a year there, Kusuma Atmadja directly appointed Landraad Voor Zitter (Chairman of the District Court) in [[Indramayu]].{{clarify|date=November 2013}}
Upon his return to the Dutch East Indies, Kusumah Atmadja was offered a position as a judge at the ''Raad Van Justitie'' ([[High Court]]) in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] (now [[Jakarta]]) After a year, Kusumah Atmadja was appointed ''Landraad Voorzitter'' (Chairman of the District Court) in [[Indramayu]].{{clarify|date=November 2013}}


He was listed as a High Court Judge [[Padang]], chairman PN [[Semarang]] and Judge PT Semarang.
He was listed as a High Court Judge in [[Padang]], landraad voorzitter in [[Semarang]], and then a judge in Raad van Justitie in the same city.


When Japan evicted the Dutch, Atmadja continued as a court official. In 1942, he served as Chairman of Tihoo Hooin (District Court) in Semarang. In addition, he was also appointed as Justice Leader for Central Java in 1944.
When the Japanese [[Dutch East Indies campaign|occupied the Dutch East Indies]], evicting the Dutch, Kusumah Atmadja continued as a court official. In 1942, he served as Chairman of Chihoo Hooin (District Court) in Semarang. In addition, he was also appointed as Chief Justice for [[Central Java]] in 1944.


==Members of BPUPKI==
==Member of BPUPK==
Atmaja became a member of the [[Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence]], or [[BPUPKI]], on April 29, 1945. The body was an effort to gain the support of the [[Native Indonesians|Indonesian people]] using the promise of Japanese help for Indonesian independence.
Atmaja became a member of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK), on 29 April 1945. The body was an effort to gain the support of the [[Native Indonesians|Indonesian people]] using the promise of Japanese help for Indonesian independence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-01-26 |title=Kusumah Atmaja, Ketua Mahkamah Agung Indonesia Pertama Halaman all |url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/01/26/140000879/kusumah-atmaja-ketua-mahkamah-agung-indonesia-pertama |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref>


==Indonesian Independence Era==
==Indonesian Independence Era==
[[File:Soevereiniteitsoverdracht Indonesie-2000px Foto Jan Zweerts.jpg|thumb|Signature of Kusumah Atmaja on the Treaty ending Dutch rule over Indonesia]]
After Indonesia gained its independence on August 17, 1945, Atmaja was assigned to establish the country's [[Indonesian Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] in 1950. He served as its chairman from 1950 until his death in 1952.
After Indonesia [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared its independence on August 17, 1945]], Atmaja was assigned to establish the country's [[Indonesian Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] in 1950. He served as the first Chief Justice from 1950 until his death in 1952.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mengenal Sosok Kusuma Atmadja, Ketua MA Pertama |url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/artikel/jabar/1073/mengenal-sosok-kusuma-atmadja-ketua-ma-pertama |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=SINDOnews Daerah |language=id-ID}}</ref>


He was asked by the Dutch State to lead the formation of the Dutch teddy [[Pasundan|State Pasundan]] in 1947, but refused.
He was asked by the Dutch State to lead the formation of the Dutch puppet [[Pasundan|state of Pasundan]] in 1947, but refused.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okezone |date=2019-08-19 |title=Peristiwa 19 Agustus : Afghanistan Terbebas dari Britania hingga Hari Jadi Mahkamah Agung : Okezone Nasional |url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2019/08/19/337/2093613/peristiwa-19-agustus-afghanistan-terbebas-dari-britania-hingga-hari-jadi-mahkamah-agung |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=nasional.okezone.com |language=id-ID}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Prof. Dr. Raden Soelaiman Koesoemah Atmadja Effendi died on August 11, 1952 in [[London]] and was buried in [[Kalibata Heroes Cemetery]].
Prof. Dr. Raden Soelaiman Koesoemah Atmadja Effendi died on 11 August 1952, in Jakarta and was buried in [[Karet Bivak Cemetery]].


==Recognition==
==Recognition==
Atmadja was awarded the title of National Hero by Presidential Decree No. 124/1965.
Atmadja was awarded the title of [[National Hero of Indonesia]] by Presidential Decree No. 124/1965.


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
Line 55: Line 70:
| before = Established
| before = Established
| after = [[Wirjono Prodjodikoro]]
| after = [[Wirjono Prodjodikoro]]
| years = 1945-1952
| years = 1945–1952
}}
}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence}}
{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}
{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}
{{authority control}}


{{Persondata
⚫
| NAME = Atmaja, Kusumah
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indonesian judge
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1898-09-08
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Purwakarta, West Java, Dutch East Indies
| DATE OF DEATH = 1952-08-11
| PLACE OF DEATH = Jakarta, Indonesia
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atmaja, Kusumah}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atmaja, Kusumah}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Indonesia]]
[[Category:BPUPK]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Indonesia]]
[[Category:National Heroes of Indonesia]]
[[Category:People from Purwakarta Regency]]
[[Category:Leiden University alumni]]

Latest revision as of 11:30, 11 October 2024

Dr. Raden
Kusumah Atmaja
Portrait of Kusumah Atmaja
Portrait, date unknown
1st Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of Indonesia
In office
19 August 1945 – 11 August 1952
Nominated bySukarno
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byWirjono Prodjodikoro
Personal details
Born
Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja

(1898-09-08)8 September 1898
Purwakarta, Dutch East Indies
Died11 August 1952(1952-08-11) (aged 53)
Jakarta, Indonesia
NationalityIndonesian
Alma materLeiden University
OccupationJudge
AwardsNational Hero of Indonesia

Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja (EVO: Soelaiman Effendi Koesoemah Atmadja; 8 September 1898 – 11 August 1952) was an Indonesian judge and national hero who served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia from August 1945 until August 1952. He was born to a noble ethnic-Sundanese family in Purwakarta, and obtained a law diploma from the Rechtschool in 1913. In 1919, he worked as a court clerk in Bandung, before leaving that job to continue his legal education at Leiden University. After graduating from Leiden in 1922, he returned to the East Indies, and became a judge in Batavia and later Indramayu.

During the Japanese occupation period, he continued working as a court official, serving as chief justices in the courts of Semarang and Padang. He became a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence in March 1945, and following the proclamation of independence, he played a role in the formation of the supreme court. On 19 August 1945, he was appointed chief justice by President Sukarno. As chief justice, he was involved in the prosecution of the officers who had been involved in the 3 July Affair and served as the legal advisor to the Indonesian delegation at the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. He died on 11 August 1952, in Jakarta, and his body was interred in the Heroes' Cemetery in Kalibata.

Early life

[edit]

Kusumah Atmaja was born on 8 September 1898, to a noble family in Purwakarta Regency, Purwakarta, West Java.

He obtained his diploma from the Recht Hoge School (literally 'High School of Justice') in 1913.

Kusumah Atmadja started his career as a court clerk in 1919 and was seconded to the Court at Buitenzorg (now Bogor). That same year he received a scholarship to continue his legal education at the University of Leiden.

In 1922 he completed his studies. He obtained the title Doctor in de rechtsgeleerheid with a dissertation entitled De Mohamedaansche Vrome Stichtingen in Indië (Institute of Islamic Scholars in the Dutch East Indies), in which he outlined the law of war in the Dutch East Indies.

Judicial career

[edit]

Upon his return to the Dutch East Indies, Kusumah Atmadja was offered a position as a judge at the Raad Van Justitie (High Court) in Batavia (now Jakarta) After a year, Kusumah Atmadja was appointed Landraad Voorzitter (Chairman of the District Court) in Indramayu.[clarification needed]

He was listed as a High Court Judge in Padang, landraad voorzitter in Semarang, and then a judge in Raad van Justitie in the same city.

When the Japanese occupied the Dutch East Indies, evicting the Dutch, Kusumah Atmadja continued as a court official. In 1942, he served as Chairman of Chihoo Hooin (District Court) in Semarang. In addition, he was also appointed as Chief Justice for Central Java in 1944.

Member of BPUPK

[edit]

Atmaja became a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), on 29 April 1945. The body was an effort to gain the support of the Indonesian people using the promise of Japanese help for Indonesian independence.[1]

Indonesian Independence Era

[edit]
Signature of Kusumah Atmaja on the Treaty ending Dutch rule over Indonesia

After Indonesia declared its independence on August 17, 1945, Atmaja was assigned to establish the country's Supreme Court in 1950. He served as the first Chief Justice from 1950 until his death in 1952.[1][2]

He was asked by the Dutch State to lead the formation of the Dutch puppet state of Pasundan in 1947, but refused.[3]

Death

[edit]

Prof. Dr. Raden Soelaiman Koesoemah Atmadja Effendi died on 11 August 1952, in Jakarta and was buried in Karet Bivak Cemetery.

Recognition

[edit]

Atmadja was awarded the title of National Hero of Indonesia by Presidential Decree No. 124/1965.

Legal offices
Preceded by
Established
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia
1945–1952 		Succeeded by

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Media, Kompas Cyber (26 January 2022). "Kusumah Atmaja, Ketua Mahkamah Agung Indonesia Pertama Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Mengenal Sosok Kusuma Atmadja, Ketua MA Pertama". SINDOnews Daerah (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  3. ^ Okezone (19 August 2019). "Peristiwa 19 Agustus : Afghanistan Terbebas dari Britania hingga Hari Jadi Mahkamah Agung : Okezone Nasional". nasional.okezone.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 February 2024.
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