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Coordinates: Sky map 01h 33.2m 00s, +60° 42′ 00″
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{{short description|Open cluster in the constellation Cassiopeia}}
{{Short description|Open cluster in the constellation Cassiopeia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox open cluster
{{Infobox open cluster
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| ra={{RA|01|33.2}}
| ra={{RA|01|33.2}}
| dec={{Dec|+60|42}}
| dec={{Dec|+60|42}}
| dist_ly=10 thousand [[light-year]]s
| dist_ly=9,400 [[light-year]]s
| dist_pc=3 [[parsec|kpc]]<ref name="aaa349" />
| dist_pc= 2.884 ± 0.313 [[Parsec#Parsecs_and_kiloparsecs|kpc]]<ref name="aaa349" />
| appmag_v=7.4<ref>{{cite web |url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html |title=Messier 103 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}</ref>
| appmag_v=7.4
| size_v=6.0'
| size_v=6.0'
| mass_kg=
| mass_kg=
Line 17: Line 17:
| radius_ly=
| radius_ly=
| v_hb=
| v_hb=
| age=12.6 ± 0.2 million years<ref name="aaa349" />
| age=
| notes=
| notes=
| names=NGC 581, [[Collinder catalogue|Cr]] 5
| names=NGC 581, [[Collinder catalogue|Cr]] 14
}}
}}


'''Messier 103''' (also known as '''M103''', or '''NGC 581''') is an [[open cluster]] where a few hundred, mainly very faint, stars figure in [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]].{{efn|It remains below the northern horizon below the [[30th parallel south]], and viewing is not ideal until for fifteen degrees of rising above that horizon, that is from the 15th parallel south, northwards}} It was discovered in 1781 by [[Charles Messier]]'s friend and collaborator [[Pierre Méchain]].<ref name=TTGNet>Robert Bruce Thompson [http://www.ttgnet.com/astronomy/winter-messier-program/m103.html], ''M103 (open cluster in Cassiopeia). Accessed online 13 April 2011</ref> It is one of the more distant open clusters, 8,000 to 9,500 [[light-year]]s from the [[solar system]]<ref name="aaa349">
'''Messier 103''' (also known as '''M103''', or '''NGC 581''') is a small [[open cluster]] of many faint stars in [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]]. It was discovered on 27 March 1781 by [[Pierre Méchain]], but later added as [[Charles Messier]]'s last deep-sky object in his catalogue.<ref name="TTGNet">Robert Bruce Thompson [http://www.ttgnet.com/astronomy/winter-messier-program/m103.html], ''M103 (open cluster in Cassiopeia). Accessed online 13 April 2011''</ref>

It is located 9,400 [[light-year]]s from the [[Sun]]<ref name="aaa349">
{{cite journal
{{cite journal
|author=Sanner, J. |author2=Geffert, M. |author3=Brunzendorf, J. |author4=Schmoll, J.
|author=Sanner, J. |author2=Geffert, M. |author3=Brunzendorf, J. |author4=Schmoll, J.
Line 30: Line 32:
|volume=349|pages=448–456
|volume=349|pages=448–456
|bibcode=1999A&A...349..448S
|bibcode=1999A&A...349..448S
|arxiv = astro-ph/9908059 }}</ref><ref name="TTGNet" /> and ranging over about 15 light years. It holds about 40 certain-member stars,<ref name="TTGNet" /> two of which have magnitudes 10.5, and a 10.8 red giant, which is the brightest within the cluster. A bright known foreground object is the star Struve 131,<ref name="seds">{{Cite web|title= Messier 103: Observations and Descriptions |work=SEDS |url= http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html| access-date=2011-04-13}}</ref> not a member of the cluster. The cluster may have 172 stars if including those down to 50% probability of a gravitational tie.<ref name="seds" /> M103 is about 25 million years old.<ref name="TTGNet" />
|arxiv = astro-ph/9908059 }}</ref><ref name="TTGNet" /> and is about 15 light years across. It holds two prominent stars, of which the brightest is magnitude 10.5, and in the center of the cluster, another magnitude 10.8 red giant. Another bright foreground object is the double star Struve 131,<ref name="seds">{{Cite web|title= Messier 103: Observations and Descriptions |work=SEDS |url= http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html| access-date=2011-04-13}}</ref> but is not a member of the cluster. Cluster membership is about 172 stars based on >50% probability of gravitational attachment that binds the cluster together.<ref name="seds" /> M103 is between 12.6<ref name="aaa349" /> to 25 million years<ref name="apj722">
{{cite journal
|author=Huang, W|author2=Gies, D.R. |author3=McSwain, M.V.
|date=2010
|title=A stellar rotation census of B stars: from ZAMS to TAMS
|journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
|volume=722|pages=605–619
|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/605 |bibcode=2010ApJ...722..605H
|arxiv = 1008.1761|s2cid=118532653 }}</ref> in age.


==Observation history==
==Observation history==
After the discovery of [[Messier 101]] through 103, Messier had no cause to carry out more detailed observations of these clusters and included them as an addition to his catalogue using the data of Méchain.<ref name="seds" /><ref>{{cite web|title=3 Clusters in Cassiopeia|url=http://www.oneminuteastronomer.com/2009/11/05/3-clusters-cassiopeia/|work=One Minute Astronomer|access-date=2010-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222063152/http://www.oneminuteastronomer.com/2009/11/05/3-clusters-cassiopeia/|archive-date=22 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1783, [[William Herschel]] observed M103 and described the region as 14 to 16 ''pL'' (pretty large stars) and with great many ''eS'' or extremely faint ones.<ref>{{cite web|title= Messier 103|url= http://www.universetoday.com/49854/messier-103/|work=Universe Today| access-date=2010-04-14|date= 2010-01-07}}</ref> [[Åke Wallenquist]] then identified 40 stars in M103 while [[Antonín Bečvář]] raised the number to 60. Archinal and Hynes then determined that the cluster had 172 stars.<ref name="seds" /> [[William Henry Smyth|Admiral William Henry Smyth]] was the first to see the 10.8-magnitude red giant, citing the double star on Cassiopeia's knee, about a degree to the northeast of Delta Cassiopaiae (Ruchbah/Rukhbah).
After the discovery of [[Messier 101]] through 103 by [[Pierre Méchain]], Messier later added this open cluster to his own catalogue.<ref name="seds" /><ref>{{cite web|title=3 Clusters in Cassiopeia|url=http://www.oneminuteastronomer.com/2009/11/05/3-clusters-cassiopeia/|work=One Minute Astronomer|access-date=2010-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222063152/http://www.oneminuteastronomer.com/2009/11/05/3-clusters-cassiopeia/|archive-date=22 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1783, [[William Herschel]] described the region of M103 as 14 to 16 ''pL'' (pretty large stars) and with great many ''eS'' or extremely faint ones.<ref>{{cite web|title= Messier 103|url= http://www.universetoday.com/49854/messier-103/|work=Universe Today| access-date=2010-04-14|date= 2010-01-07}}</ref> [[Åke Wallenquist]] first identified 40 stars in M103 while [[Antonín Bečvář]] raised this to 60. Archinal and Hynes suggest that the cluster has 172 stars.<ref name="seds" /> [[William Henry Smyth|Admiral William Henry Smyth]] pointed out the cluster's 10.8-magnitude red giant, citing it was a double star on Cassiopeia's knee, about 1° northeast of [[Delta Cassiopeiae]], sometimes called as Ruchbah or Rukhbah.


==Telescopic view==
===Observing with binoculars===
Messier 103 has been rated by the Astronomical League<ref name="seds" /> as an easy<ref>{{cite web|title=Messier 103|url=http://www.perezmedia.net/beltofvenus/archives/000373.html|work=Perez Media|access-date=2010-04-14}}</ref> object to find and the cluster is visible even with the use of binoculars.<ref name="seds" /><ref>{{cite web|title=The Constellation Cassiopeia|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Andromeda+Galaxy/articles/7acHFHcKLjm/The+Constellation+Cassiopeia|work=Zimbio|access-date=2010-04-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011200151/http://www.zimbio.com/Andromeda+Galaxy/articles/7acHFHcKLjm/The+Constellation+Cassiopeia|archive-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> M103 can be seen as a nebulous fan-shaped patch, and takes up about a 6 arcminute′ circle (a tenth of a degree), about a fifth the apparent diameter of the moon. To find M103, it is suggested that the observer center their binoculars on Ruchbah or the bottom left (or right against a northern horizon, as it more often is from Earth) star of the signature “W” asterism of Cassiopeia. The cluster will appear as a hazy patch about {{frac|1|3}} of a field/line toward 45 Epsilon Cassiopeia, a northern endpoint of the W, on the outer side of the W.
Messier 103 is an easy object to find and the cluster is visible in binoculars or a small telescope.<ref>{{cite web|title=Messier 103|url=http://www.perezmedia.net/beltofvenus/archives/000373.html|work=Perez Media|access-date=2010-04-14}}</ref> object to find and the cluster is visible even with the use of binoculars.<ref name="seds" /><ref>{{cite web|title=The Constellation Cassiopeia|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Andromeda+Galaxy/articles/7acHFHcKLjm/The+Constellation+Cassiopeia|work=Zimbio|access-date=2010-04-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011200151/http://www.zimbio.com/Andromeda+Galaxy/articles/7acHFHcKLjm/The+Constellation+Cassiopeia|archive-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> M103 can be seen as a nebulous fan-shaped patch, and is about a fifth the apparent diameter of the Moon or 6 arcminute (6′) or 0.1° across. To find M103, it is suggested that the observer center on Ruchbah or the lowest star of the signature “W” asterism of Cassiopeia. The cluster will appear as a hazy patch in a field about {{frac|1|3}} the length of an imaginary line towards [[Epsilon Cassiopeiae]], a northern endpoint of the 'W', and placed on the outer side of the 'W'.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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File:M103map.png|Finder chart for M103
File:M103map.png|Finder chart for M103
</gallery>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of Messier objects]]


==References and footnotes==
==References and footnotes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
*[http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html Open Cluster M103 @ SEDS Messier pages]
*[http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html Open Cluster M103 @ SEDS Messier pages]
*[http://www.skyhound.com/sh/archive/nov/M_103.html Open Cluster M103 @ Skyhound.com]
*[https://observing.skyhound.com/archives/nov/M_103.html Open Cluster M103 @ Skyhound.com]
*{{APOD |date=7 February 2001|title=Distant Open Cluster M103}}
*{{APOD |date=7 February 2001|title=Distant Open Cluster M103}}{{Sky-Map.org}}
*{{WikiSky}}


{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}
{{Catalogs|NGC=581|M=103}}
{{Astronomical catalogs|NGC=581|M=103}}
{{Messier objects}}
{{Messier objects}}
{{NGC objects:500-999}}
{{NGC10}}
{{Cassiopeia (constellation)}}
{{Cassiopeia (constellation)}}

{{Sky|01|33.2|00|+|60|42|00|8500}}
{{Sky|01|33.2|00|+|60|42|00|8500}}


Latest revision as of 20:11, 11 October 2024

Messier 103
Open cluster Messier 103 in Cassiopeia
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Right ascension01h 33.2m
Declination+60° 42′
Distance9,400 light-years (2.884 ± 0.313 kpc[1])
Apparent magnitude (V)7.4[2]
Apparent dimensions (V)6.0'
Physical characteristics
Estimated age12.6 ± 0.2 million years[1]
Other designationsNGC 581, Cr 14
Associations
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

Messier 103 (also known as M103, or NGC 581) is a small open cluster of many faint stars in Cassiopeia. It was discovered on 27 March 1781 by Pierre Méchain, but later added as Charles Messier's last deep-sky object in his catalogue.[3]

It is located 9,400 light-years from the Sun[1][3] and is about 15 light years across. It holds two prominent stars, of which the brightest is magnitude 10.5, and in the center of the cluster, another magnitude 10.8 red giant. Another bright foreground object is the double star Struve 131,[4] but is not a member of the cluster. Cluster membership is about 172 stars based on >50% probability of gravitational attachment that binds the cluster together.[4] M103 is between 12.6[1] to 25 million years[5] in age.

Observation history

[edit]

After the discovery of Messier 101 through 103 by Pierre Méchain, Messier later added this open cluster to his own catalogue.[4][6] In 1783, William Herschel described the region of M103 as 14 to 16 pL (pretty large stars) and with great many eS or extremely faint ones.[7] Åke Wallenquist first identified 40 stars in M103 while Antonín Bečvář raised this to 60. Archinal and Hynes suggest that the cluster has 172 stars.[4] Admiral William Henry Smyth pointed out the cluster's 10.8-magnitude red giant, citing it was a double star on Cassiopeia's knee, about 1° northeast of Delta Cassiopeiae, sometimes called as Ruchbah or Rukhbah.

Telescopic view

[edit]

Messier 103 is an easy object to find and the cluster is visible in binoculars or a small telescope.[8] object to find and the cluster is visible even with the use of binoculars.[4][9] M103 can be seen as a nebulous fan-shaped patch, and is about a fifth the apparent diameter of the Moon or 6 arcminute (6′) or 0.1° across. To find M103, it is suggested that the observer center on Ruchbah or the lowest star of the signature “W” asterism of Cassiopeia. The cluster will appear as a hazy patch in a field about 1⁄3 the length of an imaginary line towards Epsilon Cassiopeiae, a northern endpoint of the 'W', and placed on the outer side of the 'W'.

[edit]
  • M103 image from Aladin Sky Atlas
    M103 image from Aladin Sky Atlas
  • Finder chart for M103
    Finder chart for M103

See also

[edit]

References and footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Sanner, J.; Geffert, M.; Brunzendorf, J.; Schmoll, J. (1999). "Photometric and kinematic studies of open star clusters. I. NGC 581 (M 103)". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 349: 448–456. arXiv:astro-ph/9908059. Bibcode:1999A&A...349..448S.
  2. ^ "Messier 103". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b Robert Bruce Thompson [1], M103 (open cluster in Cassiopeia). Accessed online 13 April 2011
  4. ^ a b c d e "Messier 103: Observations and Descriptions". SEDS. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  5. ^ Huang, W; Gies, D.R.; McSwain, M.V. (2010). "A stellar rotation census of B stars: from ZAMS to TAMS". Astrophysical Journal. 722: 605–619. arXiv:1008.1761. Bibcode:2010ApJ...722..605H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/605. S2CID 118532653.
  6. ^ "3 Clusters in Cassiopeia". One Minute Astronomer. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  7. ^ "Messier 103". Universe Today. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  8. ^ "Messier 103". Perez Media. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  9. ^ "The Constellation Cassiopeia". Zimbio. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Messier 103.


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