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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1935 Wellington City mayoral election
| election_name = 1935 Wellington City mayoral election
| country = New Zealand
| country = New Zealand
| flag_image = Wellington COA.gif
| flag_image = Wellington Coat Of Arms (1878-1951).svg
| type = Presidential
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| ongoing = no
Line 12: Line 13:
| next_year = 1938
| next_year = 1938
| election_date = 7 May 1935
| election_date = 7 May 1935
| turnout = 40,514
| turnout = 41,139 (60.49%)
| image1 = [[File:T. C. A. Hislop.jpg|125x150px]]
| image1 = [[File:Thomas Charles Atkinson Hislop.jpg|150x150px]]
| candidate1 = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
| candidate1 = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
| party1 = Wellington Citizens' Association
| party1 = Wellington Citizens' Association
| popular_vote1 = 21,505
| popular_vote1 = 21,583
| percentage1 = 53.08
| percentage1 = 52.46
| image2 = [[File:Bob Semple, 1935.jpg|125x150px]]
| image2 = [[File:Bob Semple, 1935.jpg|150x150px]]
| candidate2 = [[Bob Semple]]
| candidate2 = [[Bob Semple]]
| party2 = New Zealand Labour Party
| party2 = New Zealand Labour Party
| popular_vote2 = 19,009
| popular_vote2 = 19,249
| percentage2 = 46.92
| percentage2 = 46.79
| title = Mayor
| title = Mayor
| before_election = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
| before_election = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
Line 30: Line 31:
}}
}}


The '''1935 Wellington City mayoral election''' was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1935, elections were held for the [[Mayor of Wellington City|Mayor of Wellington]] plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] electoral method.
The '''1935 Wellington City mayoral election''' was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1935, elections were held for the [[Mayor of Wellington]] plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] electoral method.


==Background==
==Background==
Incumbent mayor [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]] stood for a third-term, the first mayor to do so since [[John Luke (politician)|Sir John Luke]] in [[Wellington City mayoral election, 1915|1915]]. His opponent was [[Bob Semple]], a Labour councillor and MP for {{NZ electorate link|Wellington East}}. During the campaign Semple received slanderous allegations of being an [[Atheist]], which he denied stating "If the people of the world followed the philosophy of [[Jesus]] there would be no poverty...".<ref>{{Cite thesis | ref=harv |last=Hickey |first=Carina |title=From Coal Pit to Leather Pit: Life Stories of Robert Semple |type=Ph.D. |url=http://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/1696/02_whole.pdf?sequence=1 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Massey University]] |access-date=26 May 2018 }}</ref>
Incumbent mayor [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]] stood for a third-term, the first mayor to do so since [[John Luke (New Zealand politician)|Sir John Luke]] in [[1915 Wellington City mayoral election|1915]]. His opponent was [[Bob Semple]], a Labour councillor and MP for {{NZ electorate link|Wellington East}}. During the campaign, Semple received slanderous allegations of being an [[Atheist]], which he denied stating "If the people of the world followed the philosophy of [[Jesus]] there would be no poverty...".<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Hickey |first=Carina |title=From Coal Pit to Leather Pit: Life Stories of Robert Semple |type=PhD |url=http://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/1696/02_whole.pdf?sequence=1 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Massey University]] |access-date=26 May 2018 }}</ref>


For the second election in a row Labour won a majority of the vote, but could not win a majority of seats.{{sfn|Betts|1970|pp=146}} However Labour did win one more seat than in 1933 and then went on to win a [[List of by-elections to the Wellington City Council#1936 by-election|by-election]] soon after increase their representation further.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19361105.2.91 |work = [[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |page=10 |title=Labour Victory |date=5 November 1936 |accessdate=8 November 2016 | volume=CXXII | issue=110 }}</ref>
For the second election in a row, Labour won a majority of the vote, but could not win a majority of seats.{{sfn|Betts|1970|pp=146}} However, Labour did win one more seat than in 1933 and then went on to win a [[List of by-elections to the Wellington City Council#1936 by-election|by-election]] soon after increase their representation further.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19361105.2.91 |work = [[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |page=10 |title=Labour Victory |date=5 November 1936 |access-date=8 November 2016 | volume=CXXII | issue=110 }}</ref>


==Mayoralty results==
==Mayoralty results==
{{Election box begin | title=1935 [[Wellington]] mayoral election<ref name="Polling in Wellington">{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19350510.2.125 |work = [[The New Zealand Herald]] |page=13 |title=Polling in Wellington |date= 10 May 1935 |accessdate= 2 August 2016 | volume=LXXII | issue=22105 }}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=1935 Wellington mayoral election<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19350511.2.112.1 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |page=10 |title=The Mayoral Issue |date=11 May 1935 |access-date=22 March 2019 | volume=CXIX | issue=110 }}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
|candidate = [[Thomas Hislop (mayor)|Thomas Hislop]]
|votes = 21,505
|votes = 21,583
|percentage = 53.08
|percentage = 52.46
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 50: Line 51:
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Bob Semple]]
|candidate = [[Bob Semple]]
|votes = 19,009
|votes = 19,249
|percentage = 46.92
|percentage = 46.79
⚫
|change =
⚫
}}
⚫
{{Election box informal|
⚫
|votes = 307
⚫
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,496
|votes = 2,334
|percentage = 6.16
|percentage = 5.67
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 40,514
|votes = 41,139
|percentage =
|percentage = 60.49
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
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==Councillor results==
==Councillor results==
{{Election box begin | title=1935 [[Wellington]] local election<ref name="Polling in Wellington"/>
{{Election box begin | title=1935 Wellington City Council election<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19350522.2.15.6 |title=Wellington City Council |work=[[The Evening Post (Wellington)|The Evening Post]] |date=22 May 1935 |volume=CXIX |issue=119 |page=3 }}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Peter Fraser]]
|candidate = [[Peter Fraser]]
|votes = 28,215
|votes = 28,362
|percentage = 69.64
|percentage = 68.94
|change =
|change = +20.30<!-- relative to 1933 by-election -->
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Charles Henry Chapman (politician)|Charles Henry Chapman]]
|candidate = [[Charles Chapman (New Zealand politician)|Charles Chapman]]
|votes = 25,847
|votes = 26,049
|percentage = 63.79
|percentage = 63.31
|change = -2.63
|change = -3.11
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Robert McKeen]]
|candidate = [[Robert McKeen]]
|votes = 25,482
|votes = 25,571
|percentage = 62.89
|percentage = 62.15
|change = -1.48
|change = -2.22
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = [[Robert Alexander Wright]]
|candidate = [[Robert Wright (New Zealand politician)|Robert Wright]]
|votes = 22,384
|votes = 22,450
|percentage = 55.25
|percentage = 54.57
|change =
|change = +7.26<!-- relative to 1933 by-election -->
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Peter Butler (trade unionist)|Peter Butler]]
|candidate = [[Peter Butler (trade unionist)|Peter Butler]]
|votes = 20,584
|votes = 20,646
|percentage = 50.80
|percentage = 50.18
|change = +6.94
|change = +6.32
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Tom Brindle (politician)|Tom Brindle]]
|candidate = [[Tom Brindle (politician)|Tom Brindle]]
|votes = 20,312
|votes = 20,345
|percentage = 50.13
|percentage = 49.45
|change = +4.24
|change = +3.56
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = William Bennett
|candidate = William Bennett
|votes = 19,846
|votes = 19,930
|percentage = 48.98
|percentage = 48.44
|change = -3.56
|change = -4.10
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = [[Will Appleton]]
|candidate = John Burns
|votes = 19,100
|votes = 19,063
|percentage = 47.14
|percentage = 46.33
|change = -1.08
|change = +1.88
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = John Burns
|candidate = [[Will Appleton]]
|votes = 18,942
|votes = 19,036
|percentage = 46.75
|percentage = 46.27
|change = +2.30
|change = -1.95
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = William Gaudin
|candidate = [[William Gaudin]]
|votes = 18,816
|votes = 18,944
|percentage = 46.44
|percentage = 46.04
|change = -6.45
|change = -6.85
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = Len McKenzie
|candidate = [[Martin Luckie]]
|votes = 18,551
|votes = 18,616
|percentage = 45.78
|percentage = 45.25
|change = -2.23
|change = -3.54
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = Martin Luckie
|candidate = Len McKenzie
|votes = 18,529
|votes = 18,579
|percentage = 45.73
|percentage = 45.16
|change = -3.06
|change = -2.85
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = Adam Black
|candidate = Adam Black
|votes = 18,504
|votes = 18,559
|percentage = 45.67
|percentage = 45.11
|change = +5.44
|change = +4.88
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = Herbert Huggins
|candidate = Herbert Huggins
|votes = 18,423
|votes = 18,467
|percentage = 45.47
|percentage = 44.88
|change = -1.68
|change = -2.27
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = William Duncan
|candidate = William Duncan
|votes = 18,416
|votes = 18,309
|percentage = 45.45
|percentage = 44.50
|change = -1.48
|change = -2.43
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = Andrew Parlane{{refn|group=nb|Parlane was appointed to fill the vacancy on the council in 1936 caused by [[Peter Fraser]]'s resignation<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19360509.2.85 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |page=10 |title=No by-election |date=9 May 1936 |accessdate=29 June 2018 |volume=CXXI |issue=109 }}</ref>}}
|candidate = Andrew Parlane{{refn|group=nb|Parlane was appointed to fill the vacancy on the council in 1936 caused by [[Peter Fraser]]'s resignation<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19360509.2.85 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |page=10 |title=No by-election |date=9 May 1936 |access-date=29 June 2018 |volume=CXXI |issue=109 }}</ref>}}
|votes = 18,320
|votes = 18,271
|percentage = 45.21
|percentage = 44.41
|change = +2.55
|change = +1.75
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Alexander Croskery]]
|candidate = [[Alexander Croskery]]
|votes = 18,139
|votes = 18,143
|percentage = 44.77
|percentage = 44.10
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
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|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[Michael Reardon (activist)|Michael Reardon]]
|candidate = [[Michael Reardon (activist)|Michael Reardon]]
|votes = 18,054
|votes = 18,043
|percentage = 44.56
|percentage = 43.85
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
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|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = [[Thomas Forsyth (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Forsyth]]
|candidate = [[Thomas Forsyth (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Forsyth]]
|votes = 17,804
|votes = 17,827
|percentage = 43.94
|percentage = 43.33
|change = -2.55
|change = -3.16
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = [[John Read (New Zealand politician)|John Read]]
|candidate = [[John Read (New Zealand politician)|John Read]]
|votes = 17,584
|votes = 17,648
|percentage = 43.40
|percentage = 42.89
|change =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
⚫
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
⚫
|candidate = Jim Collins
|votes = 17,327
|percentage = 42.11
|change = +1.57
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = Michael Walsh
|candidate = Michael Walsh
|votes = 16,930
|votes = 16,970
|percentage = 41.78
|percentage = 41.25
|change = +1.99
|change = +1.46
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = John Tucker
|candidate = John Tucker
|votes = 16,878
|votes = 16,963
|percentage = 41.65
|percentage = 41.23
|change = +2.41
|change = +1.99
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = [[Robert Macalister]]
|candidate = [[Robert Macalister]]
|votes = 16,857
|votes = 16,892
|percentage = 41.60
|percentage = 41.06
|change = -1.69
|change = -2.23
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = Caryll Hay
|candidate = Caryll Hay
|votes = 16,387
|votes = 16,343
|percentage = 40.44
|percentage = 39.72
|change = +1.62
|change = +0.90
⚫
}}
⚫
{{Election box candidate with party link|
⚫
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
⚫
|candidate = Jim Collins
⚫
|votes = 16,271
⚫
|percentage = 40.16
⚫
|change = -0.48
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|party = New Zealand Labour Party
|candidate = James Ranson
|candidate = James Ranson
|votes = 16,248
|votes = 16,270
|percentage = 40.10
|percentage = 39.54
|change = -0.35
|change = -0.21
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|party = Wellington Citizens' Association
|candidate = Paul Hoskins
|candidate = Paul Hoskins
|votes = 15,482
|votes = 15,592
|percentage = 38.21
|percentage = 37.90
|change = +4.25
|change = +3.94
}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|candidate = Charlie Brooks
|candidate = Charlie Brooks
|votes = 3,359
|votes = 3,310
|percentage = 8.29
|percentage = 8.04
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 268: Line 274:
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|candidate = John Joseph Robinson
|candidate = John Joseph Robinson
|votes = 3,069
|votes = 2,994
|percentage = 7.57
|percentage = 7.27
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 275: Line 281:
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|candidate = [[Connie Birchfield|Connie Rawcliffe]]
|candidate = [[Connie Birchfield|Connie Rawcliffe]]
|votes = 2,750
|votes = 2,695
|percentage = 6.78
|percentage = 6.55
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 282: Line 288:
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|candidate = Albert Birchfield
|candidate = Albert Birchfield
|votes = 2,695
|votes = 2,680
|percentage = 6.65
|percentage = 6.51
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 289: Line 295:
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|party = Communist Party of New Zealand
|candidate = Miles Ormerod
|candidate = Miles Ormerod
|votes = 2,182
|votes = 2,153
|percentage = 5.38
|percentage = 5.23
|change =
|change =
}}
}}
Line 296: Line 302:


Table footnotes:
Table footnotes:
{{reflist|group=nb}}<noinclude>
{{reflist|group=nb}}


==References==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last = Betts |first=George |author-link=George Betts (political scientist) |title = Betts on Wellington: A City and its Politics |year = 1970 |publisher = A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd. |location = Wellington |isbn = 0 589 00469 7 }}


{{Mayors of Wellington|state=autocollapse}}
{{Mayors of Wellington|state=autocollapse}}
Line 308: Line 317:
[[Category:Politics of the Wellington Region]]
[[Category:Politics of the Wellington Region]]
[[Category:1930s in Wellington]]
[[Category:1930s in Wellington]]


{{NewZealand-election-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:55, 12 October 2024

1935 Wellington City mayoral election
← 1933 7 May 1935 1938 →
Turnout41,139 (60.49%)
 
Candidate Thomas Hislop Bob Semple
Party Citizens' Labour
Popular vote 21,583 19,249
Percentage 52.46 46.79
Mayor before election

Thomas Hislop

 Elected mayor

Thomas Hislop

The 1935 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1935, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Background

[edit]

Incumbent mayor Thomas Hislop stood for a third-term, the first mayor to do so since Sir John Luke in 1915. His opponent was Bob Semple, a Labour councillor and MP for Wellington East. During the campaign, Semple received slanderous allegations of being an Atheist, which he denied stating "If the people of the world followed the philosophy of Jesus there would be no poverty...".[1]

For the second election in a row, Labour won a majority of the vote, but could not win a majority of seats.[2] However, Labour did win one more seat than in 1933 and then went on to win a by-election soon after increase their representation further.[3]

Mayoralty results

[edit]
1935 Wellington mayoral election[4]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Citizens' Thomas Hislop 21,583 52.46
Labour Bob Semple 19,249 46.79
Informal votes 307 0.74
Majority 2,334 5.67
Turnout 41,139 60.49

Councillor results

[edit]
1935 Wellington City Council election[5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Peter Fraser 28,362 68.94 +20.30
Labour Charles Chapman 26,049 63.31 −3.11
Labour Robert McKeen 25,571 62.15 −2.22
Citizens' Robert Wright 22,450 54.57 +7.26
Labour Peter Butler 20,646 50.18 +6.32
Labour Tom Brindle 20,345 49.45 +3.56
Citizens' William Bennett 19,930 48.44 −4.10
Citizens' John Burns 19,063 46.33 +1.88
Citizens' Will Appleton 19,036 46.27 −1.95
Citizens' William Gaudin 18,944 46.04 −6.85
Citizens' Martin Luckie 18,616 45.25 −3.54
Citizens' Len McKenzie 18,579 45.16 −2.85
Labour Adam Black 18,559 45.11 +4.88
Citizens' Herbert Huggins 18,467 44.88 −2.27
Citizens' William Duncan 18,309 44.50 −2.43
Labour Andrew Parlane[nb 1] 18,271 44.41 +1.75
Labour Alexander Croskery 18,143 44.10
Labour Michael Reardon 18,043 43.85
Citizens' Thomas Forsyth 17,827 43.33 −3.16
Labour John Read 17,648 42.89
Labour Jim Collins 17,327 42.11 +1.57
Labour Michael Walsh 16,970 41.25 +1.46
Labour John Tucker 16,963 41.23 +1.99
Citizens' Robert Macalister 16,892 41.06 −2.23
Labour Caryll Hay 16,343 39.72 +0.90
Labour James Ranson 16,270 39.54 −0.21
Citizens' Paul Hoskins 15,592 37.90 +3.94
Communist Charlie Brooks 3,310 8.04
Communist John Joseph Robinson 2,994 7.27
Communist Connie Rawcliffe 2,695 6.55
Communist Albert Birchfield 2,680 6.51
Communist Miles Ormerod 2,153 5.23

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ Parlane was appointed to fill the vacancy on the council in 1936 caused by Peter Fraser's resignation[6]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Hickey, Carina (2010). From Coal Pit to Leather Pit: Life Stories of Robert Semple (PDF) (PhD). Massey University. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  2. ^ Betts 1970, pp. 146.
  3. ^ "Labour Victory". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXII, no. 110. 5 November 1936. p. 10. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  4. ^ "The Mayoral Issue". The Evening Post. Vol. CXIX, no. 110. 11 May 1935. p. 10. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Wellington City Council". The Evening Post. Vol. CXIX, no. 119. 22 May 1935. p. 3.
  6. ^ "No by-election". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXI, no. 109. 9 May 1936. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2018.

References

[edit]


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