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{{Short description|Genus of amphibians}}
{{Taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Ctenophryne''
| image = Ctenophryne geayi (10.3897-zookeys.643.8215) Figure 3 (cropped).jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| image_caption = ''[[Ctenophryne geayi]]''
| classis = [[Amphibia]]
| taxon = Ctenophryne
⚫
| authority = [[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1904
| ordo = [[Anura]]
| subordo = [[Neobatrachia]]
| familia = [[Microhylidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Gastrophryninae]]
| genus = '''''Ctenophryne'''''
⚫
| genus_authority = [[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1904
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision = 6 species (see [[#Species|text]])
| synonyms = ''Glossostoma'' <small>Günther, 1901</small> — junior [[Homonym (biology)|homonym]] of ''[[Turbellaria|Glossostoma]]'' <small>LeConte, 1851</small><br />
See text.
''Nelsonophryne'' <small>Frost, 1987</small> — replacement name for ''Glossostoma''<br />
''Melanophryne'' <small>Lehr and Trueb, 2007</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
⚫
| type_species = ''[[Ctenophryne geayi]]''
| type_species_authority = Mocquard, 1904
}}
}}


'''''Ctenophryne''''' is a genus of [[Microhylidae|microhylid]] [[frog]]s.
'''''Ctenophryne''''' is a genus of [[Microhylidae|microhylid]] [[frog]]s. They occur in southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) and South America. Their common names are '''egg frogs''' and '''Nelson frogs''', the latter applying to species in the formerly recognized ''Nelsonophryne''.<ref name=Frost/>

==Taxonomy and systematics==
As of 2017, ''Ctenophryne'' includes two other genera, ''Nelsonophryne'' and ''Melanophryne'', in [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]]. The latter might represent valid genera, but molecular analyses could not resolve their relationships in a robust way. Placing ''Nelsonophryne'' and ''Melanophryne'' in the synonymy of ''Ctenophryne'' is an interim measure that avoids [[paraphyly]], until new data might resolve the relationships. When ''Ctenophryne'' is defined this way, it is a [[monophyletic]] group that is the [[sister group]] to all
other [[Gastrophryninae|gastrophrynines]].<ref name="de Sa et al. 2012"/>

==Description==
''Ctenophryne'' range from relatively small ''[[Ctenophryne barbatula]]'' (female size {{convert|26|-|27|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length)<ref name="Lehr and Trueb 2007"/> to moderately large ''[[Ctenophryne aterrima]]'' (female size to {{convert|67|mm|abbr=on}}).<ref name=STRI/> The current definition of the genus is essentially based on [[molecular phylogenetics]] rather than morphology.<ref name="de Sa et al. 2012"/>


==Species==
==Species==
There are six species:<ref name=Frost/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/>
{|style="text-align:left; border:1px solid #999999; width: 55%"
* ''[[Ctenophryne aequatorialis]]'' <small>(Peracca, 1904)</small>
|-style="background:#CCCC99; text-align: center; "
* ''[[Ctenophryne aterrima]]'' <small>(Günther, 1901)</small>
!style="width: 60%; "| Binomial Name and Author!!style="width: 40%; "|Common Name
* ''[[Ctenophryne barbatula]]'' <small>(Lehr and Trueb, 2007)</small>
|-
* ''[[Ctenophryne carpish]]'' <small>(Lehr, Rodriguez, and Córdova, 2002)</small>
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Ctenophryne geayi]]'' {{small|Mocquard, 1904}} || Brown Egg Frog
* ''[[Ctenophryne geayi]]'' <small>Mocquard, 1904</small>
⚫
* ''[[Ctenophryne minor]]'' <small>Zweifel and Myers, 1989</small>
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
⚫
| ''[[Ctenophryne minor]]'' {{small|Zweifel & Myers, 1989}} || Colombian Egg Frog
|-
⚫
|}


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
* {{cite web| title=Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 - Microhylidae|url=http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/names.php?taxon=&family=&subfamily=&genus=Ctenophryne&commname=&authority=&year=&geo=0&dist=&comment=|accessdate=25 April 2009}}
<ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Microhylidae.shtml |title=Microhylidae |year=2017 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>


<ref name="de Sa et al. 2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = De Sá | first1 = R. O. | last2 = Streicher | first2 = J. W. | last3 = Sekonyela | first3 = R. | last4 = Forlani | first4 = M. C. | last5 = Loader | first5 = S. P. | last6 = Greenbaum | first6 = E. | last7 = Richards | first7 = S. | last8 = Haddad | first8 = C. F. B. | year = 2012 | title = Molecular phylogeny of microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) with emphasis on relationships among New World genera | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 241 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-12-241 | pmid = 23228209 | pmc = 3561245 | bibcode = 2012BMCEE..12..241D | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Gastrophryninae/Ctenophryne |title=''Ctenophryne'' Mocquard, 1904 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Lehr and Trueb 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Lehr |first1=Edgar |last2=Trueb |first2=Linda |title=Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between ''Nelsonophryne'' (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=149 |issue=4 |year=2007 |pages=583–609 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00270.x|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=STRI>{{cite web |url=http://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/amphibians/en/species/146 |title=''Nelsonophryne aterrima'' Gunther 1901 |work=Amphibians of Panama |publisher=Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute |accessdate=8 October 2017}}</ref>
⚫
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2587666}}

⚫
[[Category:Ctenophryne| ]]
[[Category:Microhylidae]]
[[Category:Microhylidae]]
[[Category:Amphibian genera]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Central America]]
[[Category:Amphibians of South America]]
[[Category:Taxa named by François Mocquard]]


⚫
{{Microhylidae-stub}}


⚫
{{Microhylidae-stub}}
⚫
[[ca:Ctenophryne]]
[[fr:Ctenophryne]]
[[nl:Ctenophryne]]

Latest revision as of 07:46, 13 October 2024

Ctenophryne
Ctenophryne geayi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
Genus: Ctenophryne
Mocquard, 1904
Type species
Ctenophryne geayi
Mocquard, 1904
Species

6 species (see text)

Synonyms[1]

Glossostoma Günther, 1901 — junior homonym of Glossostoma LeConte, 1851
Nelsonophryne Frost, 1987 — replacement name for Glossostoma
Melanophryne Lehr and Trueb, 2007

Ctenophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) and South America. Their common names are egg frogs and Nelson frogs, the latter applying to species in the formerly recognized Nelsonophryne.[1]

Taxonomy and systematics

[edit]

As of 2017, Ctenophryne includes two other genera, Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne, in synonymy. The latter might represent valid genera, but molecular analyses could not resolve their relationships in a robust way. Placing Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne in the synonymy of Ctenophryne is an interim measure that avoids paraphyly, until new data might resolve the relationships. When Ctenophryne is defined this way, it is a monophyletic group that is the sister group to all other gastrophrynines.[2]

Description

[edit]

Ctenophryne range from relatively small Ctenophryne barbatula (female size 26–27 mm (1.0–1.1 in) in snout–vent length)[3] to moderately large Ctenophryne aterrima (female size to 67 mm (2.6 in)).[4] The current definition of the genus is essentially based on molecular phylogenetics rather than morphology.[2]

Species

[edit]

There are six species:[1][5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Ctenophryne Mocquard, 1904". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b De Sá, R. O.; Streicher, J. W.; Sekonyela, R.; Forlani, M. C.; Loader, S. P.; Greenbaum, E.; Richards, S.; Haddad, C. F. B. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) with emphasis on relationships among New World genera". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 241. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12..241D. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-241. PMC 3561245. PMID 23228209.
  3. ^ Lehr, Edgar; Trueb, Linda (2007). "Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (4): 583–609. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00270.x.
  4. ^ "Nelsonophryne aterrima Gunther 1901". Amphibians of Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  5. ^ "Microhylidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.


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