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{{Infobox rail line
{{Infobox rail line
|box_width = auto
|box_width = auto
|name = Baldivis Tramway
|name = Baldivis tramway
|other_name =
|other_name =
|native_name =
|native_name =
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|logo_width =
|logo_width =
|logo_alt =
|logo_alt =
|image =
|image = Baldivis Tramway Reserve, June 2021 04.jpg
|image_width =
|image_width =
|image_alt =
|image_alt =
|caption =
|caption = The Baldivis Tramway Reserve at Baldivis in June 2021
|type = [[Tramway (industrial)|Tramway]]
|type = [[Tramway (industrial)|Tramway]]
|system =
|system =
|status = Tracks removed
|status = Tracks removed
|locale =
|locale = [[Perth]], [[Western Australia]]
|start = [[Jandakot railway station]]
|start = [[Jandakot railway station]]
|end = [[Karnup, Western Australia|Karnup]]
|end = [[Karnup, Western Australia|Karnup]]
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|elevation =
|elevation =
|website =
|website =
|map = [[File:Baldivis Tramway marked on OpenStreetMap.jpg|150px|alt=Approximate route of the Baldivis Tramway]]
|map = [[File:Baldivis Tramway marked on OpenStreetMap.jpg|150px|alt=Approximate route of the Baldivis tramway]]
| map_name = Approximate route of the Baldivis Tramway
| map_name = Approximate route of the Baldivis tramway
|map_state = show
|map_state = show
}}
}}

The '''Baldivis Tramway''', also referred to as the '''Peel Estate Tramway''', was a short-lived [[Tramway (industrial)|tramway]], originally planned to be operating from [[Jandakot railway station]] to [[Karnup, Western Australia|Karnup]], in Western Australia. The line was constructed to support the post-World War I [[Group Settlement Scheme]] at the Peel Estate in [[Baldivis, Western Australia|Baldivis]] but was never fully completed. The line existed from 1920 to 1925 and was designed to transport supplies to the settlement scheme and to carry harvested timber on the return journey.
The '''Baldivis tramway''', also referred to as the '''Peel Estate tramway''' or '''Peel tramline''', was a short-lived [[Tramway (industrial)|tramway]], originally planned to be operating from [[Jandakot railway station]] to [[Karnup, Western Australia|Karnup]], in Western Australia. The line was constructed to support the post-World War I [[Group Settlement Scheme]] at the [[Peel Estate]] in [[Baldivis, Western Australia|Baldivis]] but was never fully completed, only reaching as far as [[Wellard, Western Australia|Wellard]]. The line existed from 1920 to 1925 and was designed to transport supplies to the settlement scheme and to carry harvested timber on the return journey.

==Name==
Historical newspaper sources quote no definite name for the Baldivis tramway. The suburb of Baldivis was only named in 1922; the name was coined by local settlers, combining parts of the names of the three ships that brought them to Western Australia,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/historical-suburb-names#B|title=Perth and surrounds suburb names |publisher=[[Landgate]] |access-date=29 June 2021 |date=}}</ref> post-dating the original line. Contemporary newspaper source referred to it as the tramway or Peel Estate tramway. The report of the Royal Commission also referred to it as the tramway.<ref name="Commission" />

Modern sources{{snd}}such as the [[State Register of Heritage Places|Western Australian Heritage Register]],<ref name="Tramwayreserve" /> or the management plans for the walk trails that follow the former line{{snd}}refer to the Baldivis Tramway Reserve.


==Background==
==Background==
The Peel Estate was a {{convert|60000|acre|ha}} area of land, predominantly located in what is now the [[City of Kwinana|Cities of Kwinana]] and [[City of Rockingham|Rockingham]], which was purchased by the Western Australian government for [[Australian pound|£]]24,230 in February 1920. Of this land, approximately a quarter was swamp land. The intention of this land was to be settled as part of the Group Settlement Scheme, with each settler to receive {{convert|120|acre|ha}} of land, which was supposed to be a mixture of swamp, forest and scrub. The construction of houses, drainage and road and rail infrastructure were the responsibility of the state government of Western Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/82511957?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Migration within the Empire|author= |date=30 January 1923 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
The [[Peel Estate]] was a {{convert|60000|acre|ha|adj=on}} area of land, predominantly located in what is now the Cities of [[City of Kwinana|Kwinana]] and [[City of Rockingham|Rockingham]], that was purchased by the Western Australian government for [[Australian pound|£]]24,230 in February 1920. Of this land, approximately a quarter was swamp land. The intention was for this land to be settled as part of the Group Settlement Scheme, with each settler to receive {{convert|120|acre|ha}}, which was supposed to be a mixture of swamp, forest and scrub. The construction of houses, drainage and road and rail infrastructure were the responsibility of the state government of Western Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/82511957?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Migration within the Empire|author= |date=30 January 1923 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


The management and cost of the Peel Estate Group Settlement Scheme were eventually subject of a [[Royal Commission]], which was appointed in December 1923 and presented its report in March 1924, making five recommendations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/WebCMS/webcms.nsf/content/parliamentary-library-royal-commissions#1921|title=Royal Commissions held in Western Australia|author= |date= |website=parliament.wa.gov.au |publisher=[[Parliament of Western Australia]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
The management and cost of the Peel Estate Group Settlement Scheme were eventually subject of a [[Royal Commission]], which was appointed in December 1923 and presented its report in March 1924, making five recommendations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/WebCMS/webcms.nsf/content/parliamentary-library-royal-commissions#1921|title=Royal Commissions held in Western Australia|author= |date= |website=parliament.wa.gov.au |publisher=[[Parliament of Western Australia]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Construction of the tramway started in October 1920, alongside the construction of a drainage system, the [[Peel Main Drain]], for the Peel Estate. The works were supervised by the experienced chief engineer Richard John Anketell, after which the suburb of [[Anketell, Western Australia|Anketell]] was later named.<ref name="Peel" >{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/81806537?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=The Peel Estate |author= |date=5 September 1921 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/historical-suburb-names#A|title=Perth and surrounds suburb names |publisher=[[Landgate]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |date=}}</ref> By September 1921, {{convert|15|mi|km}} of the track had been laid, at a declared cost of £400 a mile.<ref name="Peel" />
Construction of the tramway started in October 1920, alongside the construction of a drainage system, the [[Peel Main Drain]], for the Peel Estate. The works were supervised by the experienced chief engineer Richard John Anketell, after whom the suburb of [[Anketell, Western Australia|Anketell]] was later named.<ref name="Peel" >{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/81806537?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=The Peel Estate |author= |date=5 September 1921 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/historical-suburb-names#A|title=Perth and surrounds suburb names |publisher=[[Landgate]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |date=}}</ref> By September 1921, {{convert|15|mi|km}} of the track had been laid, at a declared cost of £400 a mile.<ref name="Peel" />


The tramway came under scrutiny by the [[Parliament of Western Australia|Western Australian Parliament]] in September 1922 when it was alleged that the line had been built without authorisation, avoiding the latter by naming it a ''tramway'' rather than a ''railway''. In the process, the [[Premier of Western Australia]] [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]], was asked why work on the parliament-approved [[Dwarda, Western Australia|Dwarda]] to [[Narrogin, Western Australia|Narrogin]] railway had been stopped while work on the un-approved tramway continued.<ref name="Ignored" >{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/156518168?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Parliament Ignored. Railway built without authority |author= |date=15 September 1922 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Great Southern Leader]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> Mitchell was questioned by parliament on the details of the Baldivis Tramway, to which he replied that, by the end of August 1922, {{convert|20|mi|km}} of track and spurs were in place, of {{convert|24|mi|km}} laid overall, as some spurs had been removed again, at an overall cost of almost £40,000. Mitchell declared that parliament's approval was not required as it was a temporary operation for development purposes.<ref name="Ignored" />
The tramway came under scrutiny by the [[Parliament of Western Australia|Western Australian Parliament]] in September 1922 when it was alleged that the line had been built without authorisation, avoiding the latter by naming it a ''tramway'' rather than a ''railway''. In the process, Premier [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]] was asked why work on the parliament-approved [[Dwarda, Western Australia|Dwarda]] to [[Narrogin, Western Australia|Narrogin]] railway had been stopped while work on the un-approved tramway continued.<ref name="Ignored" >{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/156518168?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Parliament Ignored. Railway built without authority |author= |date=15 September 1922 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[Great Southern Leader]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> Mitchell was questioned by parliament on the details of the Baldivis Tramway, to which he replied that, by the end of August 1922, {{convert|20|mi|km}} of track and spurs were in place, of {{convert|24|mi|km}} laid overall, as some spurs had been removed again, at an overall cost of almost £40,000. Mitchell declared that parliament's approval was not required as it was a temporary operation for development purposes.<ref name="Ignored" />


The tramway operated as a goods-only service, with no passenger cars, using [[WAGR G class]] locomotives on a [[3 ft 6 in gauge railways|3 ft 6 in gauge]] with a [[ruling gradient]] of 1 in 30.<ref name="Ignored" />
The tramway operated as a goods-only service, with no passenger cars, using [[WAGR G class]] locomotives on a [[3 ft 6 in gauge railways|3 ft 6 in gauge]] with a [[ruling gradient]] of 1 in 30.<ref name="Ignored" />


By the time the Royal Commission presented its report in March 1924, £57,579 had been spend on the {{convert|30|mi|km}} of tramway having been laid, of which {{convert|4|mi|km}} had already been pulled up again. This sum was part of the wider expense of the Peel Estate settlement scheme, which was estimated to have cost £1.25million and is comparably lower than the sum of £230,000 spend on the drainage system and £90,000 spend on road construction up to 31 December 1923.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/WebFiles/Royal+Commission+appointed+to+inquire+into+the+operations+of+the+government+in+connection+with+the+purchase+and+development+of+the+Peel+and+Bateman+estates+1924/$FILE/Report+of+the+Royal+Commission+appointed+to+inquire+into+the+operations+of+the+Government+in+connection+with+the+purchase+and+development+of+Peel+and+Bateman[1].pdf|title=Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the operations of the government in connection with the purchase and development of the Peel and Bateman Estates|author= |date=1924 |website=parliament.wa.gov.au |publisher=[[Parliament of Western Australia]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
By the time the Royal Commission presented its report in March 1924, £57,579 had been spend on the {{convert|30|mi|km}} of tramway having been laid, of which {{convert|4|mi|km}} had already been pulled up again. This sum was part of the wider expense of the Peel Estate settlement scheme, which was estimated to have cost £1.25{{nbsp}}million and is comparably lower than the sum of £230,000 spend on the drainage system and £90,000 spend on road construction up to 31 December 1923.<ref name="Commission" >{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/WebFiles/Royal+Commission+appointed+to+inquire+into+the+operations+of+the+government+in+connection+with+the+purchase+and+development+of+the+Peel+and+Bateman+estates+1924/$FILE/Report+of+the+Royal+Commission+appointed+to+inquire+into+the+operations+of+the+Government+in+connection+with+the+purchase+and+development+of+Peel+and+Bateman[1].pdf|title=Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the operations of the government in connection with the purchase and development of the Peel and Bateman Estates|author= |date=1924 |website=parliament.wa.gov.au |publisher=[[Parliament of Western Australia]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


In August 1925, the tramway was pulled up and dismantled, with the explanation provided by the [[Minister for Lands (Western Australia)|Minister of Lands]] that the installation was only required during the engineering works, which had been completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/31907652?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Peel Estate |author= |date=16 February 1926 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[ The West Australian]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
In August 1925, the tramway was pulled up and dismantled, with the explanation provided by the [[Minister for Lands (Western Australia)|Minister of Lands]] that the installation was only required during the engineering works, which had been completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/31907652?searchTerm=Peel%20Estate%20tramway|title=Peel Estate |author= |date=16 February 1926 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=[[ The West Australian]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Despite its short existence, the tramway has left a legacy of a mostly intact and continuous 32 km long north-south running reserve from the eastern shore of [[Yangebup Lake]], where the northern terminus of the line was located, to Baldivis, referred to in parts as the Baldivis Tramway Reserve.<ref name="Master" >{{cite report |date=2019 |title=Yangebup and Little Rush Lakes Master Plan |url=https://www.cockburn.wa.gov.au/getattachment/c7ce3b8e-3172-49ae-b8d3-16219209c60b/ECM_9374684_v1_Yangebup-Lake-and-Little-Rush-Lake-Master-Plan.pdf.aspx |publisher=[[City of Cockburn]] |access-date=22 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/18d9eb5c-55ab-4661-ad84-42cf36361891 |title=Baldivis Tramway Reserve|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
Despite its short existence, the tramway has left a legacy of a mostly intact and continuous {{convert|32|km|adj=on}} north-south running reserve from the eastern shore of [[Yangebup Lake]], where the northern terminus of the line was located, to Baldivis, referred to in parts as the Baldivis Tramway Reserve.<ref name="Master" >{{cite report |date=2019 |title=Yangebup and Little Rush Lakes Master Plan |url=https://www.cockburn.wa.gov.au/getattachment/c7ce3b8e-3172-49ae-b8d3-16219209c60b/ECM_9374684_v1_Yangebup-Lake-and-Little-Rush-Lake-Master-Plan.pdf.aspx |publisher=[[City of Cockburn]] |access-date=22 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/18d9eb5c-55ab-4661-ad84-42cf36361891 |title=Baldivis Tramway Reserve|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


The tramway was utilised by the [[Millars Karri and Jarrah Forests Limited|Millars Timber & Co Trading Company]] for its timber transports, with the timber and railway heritage preserved in the name of the Millars Landing housing estate in Baldivis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soundtelegraph.com.au/news/perth/new-1m-baldivis-playground-to-draw-on-areas-milling-history-ng-b88922958z |title=New $1m Baldivis playground to draw on area’s milling history |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=9 August 2018 |website=soundtelegraph.com.au |publisher=Sound Telegraph |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> Parts of the Baldivis Tramway Reserve have been converted to walking tracks and proposals have been made to open additional sections.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/community-news/weekend-kwinana-courier/tramway-reserve-plans-are-on-track-c-942632|title=Tramway Reserve plans are on track |author=Laura Tomlinson |date=13 September 2013 |website=perthnow.com.au |publisher=Weekend Kwinana Courier |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
The tramway was utilised by the [[Millars Karri and Jarrah Forests Limited|Millars Timber & Co Trading Company]] for its timber transports, with the timber and railway heritage preserved in the name of the Millars Landing housing estate in Baldivis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soundtelegraph.com.au/news/perth/new-1m-baldivis-playground-to-draw-on-areas-milling-history-ng-b88922958z |title=New $1m Baldivis playground to draw on area's milling history |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=9 August 2018 |website=soundtelegraph.com.au |publisher=Sound Telegraph |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> Parts of the Baldivis Tramway Reserve have been converted to walking tracks and proposals have been made to open additional sections.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/community-news/weekend-kwinana-courier/tramway-reserve-plans-are-on-track-c-942632|title=Tramway Reserve plans are on track |author=Laura Tomlinson |date=13 September 2013 |website=perthnow.com.au |publisher=Weekend Kwinana Courier |access-date=22 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

===Heritage sites===
A number of heritage listed sites associated with the former tramway remain.

The 6 Mile Site takes its name from the distance of the Baldivis Tramway from its northern starting point and is located in what is now the suburb of [[Mandogalup, Western Australia|Mandogalup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/7df5933e-4796-4268-beac-49d919396ae5 |title=6 Mile Site|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=28 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

The 7 Mile Site, also in Mandogalup and also named after the distance from the northern starting point of the tramway, is now the site of the Mandogalup Community Hall and Fire Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/ac7e5636-636c-4d1a-b1c0-5c970e3af182|title=7 Mile Site ("Sevvy" to later settlers)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=28 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

The area around the Peel Main Drain east of the current-day [[Kwinana railway station]] has been heritage listed as the 9 Mile Dumps site. The site, which also takes its name from the distance of the Baldivis Tramway from its northern starting point, is an accumulation of sand dunes that are the result of extensive excavations for the drainage canal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/46ae9251-33ee-43c4-a659-9cd3a0c8891b |title=9 Mile Dumps site|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=28 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> The 9 Mile was also the site were a branch line along Thomas Road connected to the main line.<ref name="Mile13" />

The 13 Mile site was the southern terminus of the Baldivis Tramway and has subsequently become the suburb of [[Wellard, Western Australia|Wellard]].<ref name="Mile13" >{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/746f06d4-057a-491c-8811-e58d85653118|title=13 Mile|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=28 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> The Tramway Reserve stretching from just north of 6 Mile Site to 13 Mile site is also heritage listed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/78b1d55a-9edd-49e3-9a09-a181cc1da552|title=Tramway Reserve - site|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=29 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

Baldivis Tramway Reserve, in the suburb of [[Beeliar, Western Australia|Beeliar]], is also heritage listed.<ref name="Tramwayreserve" >{{cite web |url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/18d9eb5c-55ab-4661-ad84-42cf36361891|title=Baldivis Tramway Reserve|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |access-date=29 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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* {{cite report |date=2014 |title=Baldivis Tramway Master Plan |url=https://rockingham.wa.gov.au/forms-and-publications/your-city/protecting-our-environment/baldivis-tramway-management-plan-june-2014 |publisher=[[City of Rockingham]] |access-date= }}
* {{cite report |date=2014 |title=Baldivis Tramway Master Plan |url=https://rockingham.wa.gov.au/forms-and-publications/your-city/protecting-our-environment/baldivis-tramway-management-plan-june-2014 |publisher=[[City of Rockingham]] |access-date= }}
* {{cite report |date=2015 |title=Tramway Trail Development Plan |url=http://www.southwestgroup.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Tramway-Trail-Development-Plan-2015-FINAL-lr.pdf |publisher=South West Corridor Development Foundation Inc. |access-date= }}
* {{cite report |date=2015 |title=Tramway Trail Development Plan |url=http://www.southwestgroup.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Tramway-Trail-Development-Plan-2015-FINAL-lr.pdf |publisher=South West Corridor Development Foundation Inc. |access-date= }}

{{Railway lines in Western Australia}}


[[Category:Industrial railways in Australia]]
[[Category:Industrial railways in Australia]]
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[[Category:1925 disestablishments in Australia]]
[[Category:1925 disestablishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Baldivis, Western Australia]]
[[Category:Baldivis, Western Australia]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1920]]
[[Category:Railway lines closed in 1925]]
[[Category:Group Settlement Scheme]]

Latest revision as of 22:06, 13 October 2024

Baldivis tramway
The Baldivis Tramway Reserve at Baldivis in June 2021
Overview
StatusTracks removed
LocalePerth, Western Australia
Termini
Service
TypeTramway
History
Opened1920
Closed1925
Technical
Line length32 km (20 mi)
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Approximate route of the Baldivis tramway
Approximate route of the Baldivis tramway

The Baldivis tramway, also referred to as the Peel Estate tramway or Peel tramline, was a short-lived tramway, originally planned to be operating from Jandakot railway station to Karnup, in Western Australia. The line was constructed to support the post-World War I Group Settlement Scheme at the Peel Estate in Baldivis but was never fully completed, only reaching as far as Wellard. The line existed from 1920 to 1925 and was designed to transport supplies to the settlement scheme and to carry harvested timber on the return journey.

Name

[edit]

Historical newspaper sources quote no definite name for the Baldivis tramway. The suburb of Baldivis was only named in 1922; the name was coined by local settlers, combining parts of the names of the three ships that brought them to Western Australia,[1] post-dating the original line. Contemporary newspaper source referred to it as the tramway or Peel Estate tramway. The report of the Royal Commission also referred to it as the tramway.[2]

Modern sources – such as the Western Australian Heritage Register,[3] or the management plans for the walk trails that follow the former line – refer to the Baldivis Tramway Reserve.

Background

[edit]

The Peel Estate was a 60,000-acre (24,000 ha) area of land, predominantly located in what is now the Cities of Kwinana and Rockingham, that was purchased by the Western Australian government for £24,230 in February 1920. Of this land, approximately a quarter was swamp land. The intention was for this land to be settled as part of the Group Settlement Scheme, with each settler to receive 120 acres (49 ha), which was supposed to be a mixture of swamp, forest and scrub. The construction of houses, drainage and road and rail infrastructure were the responsibility of the state government of Western Australia.[4]

The management and cost of the Peel Estate Group Settlement Scheme were eventually subject of a Royal Commission, which was appointed in December 1923 and presented its report in March 1924, making five recommendations.[5]

History

[edit]

Construction of the tramway started in October 1920, alongside the construction of a drainage system, the Peel Main Drain, for the Peel Estate. The works were supervised by the experienced chief engineer Richard John Anketell, after whom the suburb of Anketell was later named.[6][7] By September 1921, 15 miles (24 km) of the track had been laid, at a declared cost of £400 a mile.[6]

The tramway came under scrutiny by the Western Australian Parliament in September 1922 when it was alleged that the line had been built without authorisation, avoiding the latter by naming it a tramway rather than a railway. In the process, Premier James Mitchell was asked why work on the parliament-approved Dwarda to Narrogin railway had been stopped while work on the un-approved tramway continued.[8] Mitchell was questioned by parliament on the details of the Baldivis Tramway, to which he replied that, by the end of August 1922, 20 miles (32 km) of track and spurs were in place, of 24 miles (39 km) laid overall, as some spurs had been removed again, at an overall cost of almost £40,000. Mitchell declared that parliament's approval was not required as it was a temporary operation for development purposes.[8]

The tramway operated as a goods-only service, with no passenger cars, using WAGR G class locomotives on a 3 ft 6 in gauge with a ruling gradient of 1 in 30.[8]

By the time the Royal Commission presented its report in March 1924, £57,579 had been spend on the 30 miles (48 km) of tramway having been laid, of which 4 miles (6.4 km) had already been pulled up again. This sum was part of the wider expense of the Peel Estate settlement scheme, which was estimated to have cost £1.25 million and is comparably lower than the sum of £230,000 spend on the drainage system and £90,000 spend on road construction up to 31 December 1923.[2]

In August 1925, the tramway was pulled up and dismantled, with the explanation provided by the Minister of Lands that the installation was only required during the engineering works, which had been completed.[9]

Legacy

[edit]

Despite its short existence, the tramway has left a legacy of a mostly intact and continuous 32-kilometre (20 mi) north-south running reserve from the eastern shore of Yangebup Lake, where the northern terminus of the line was located, to Baldivis, referred to in parts as the Baldivis Tramway Reserve.[10][11]

The tramway was utilised by the Millars Timber & Co Trading Company for its timber transports, with the timber and railway heritage preserved in the name of the Millars Landing housing estate in Baldivis.[12] Parts of the Baldivis Tramway Reserve have been converted to walking tracks and proposals have been made to open additional sections.[13]

Heritage sites

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A number of heritage listed sites associated with the former tramway remain.

The 6 Mile Site takes its name from the distance of the Baldivis Tramway from its northern starting point and is located in what is now the suburb of Mandogalup.[14]

The 7 Mile Site, also in Mandogalup and also named after the distance from the northern starting point of the tramway, is now the site of the Mandogalup Community Hall and Fire Station.[15]

The area around the Peel Main Drain east of the current-day Kwinana railway station has been heritage listed as the 9 Mile Dumps site. The site, which also takes its name from the distance of the Baldivis Tramway from its northern starting point, is an accumulation of sand dunes that are the result of extensive excavations for the drainage canal.[16] The 9 Mile was also the site were a branch line along Thomas Road connected to the main line.[17]

The 13 Mile site was the southern terminus of the Baldivis Tramway and has subsequently become the suburb of Wellard.[17] The Tramway Reserve stretching from just north of 6 Mile Site to 13 Mile site is also heritage listed.[18]

Baldivis Tramway Reserve, in the suburb of Beeliar, is also heritage listed.[3]

References

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  1. ^ "Perth and surrounds suburb names". Landgate. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the operations of the government in connection with the purchase and development of the Peel and Bateman Estates" (PDF). parliament.wa.gov.au. Parliament of Western Australia. 1924. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Baldivis Tramway Reserve". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Migration within the Empire". trove.nla.gov.au. The Daily News. 30 January 1923. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  5. ^ "Royal Commissions held in Western Australia". parliament.wa.gov.au. Parliament of Western Australia. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b "The Peel Estate". trove.nla.gov.au. The Daily News. 5 September 1921. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Perth and surrounds suburb names". Landgate. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  8. ^ a b c "Parliament Ignored. Railway built without authority". trove.nla.gov.au. Great Southern Leader. 15 September 1922. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Peel Estate". trove.nla.gov.au. The West Australian. 16 February 1926. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  10. ^ Yangebup and Little Rush Lakes Master Plan (Report). City of Cockburn. 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  11. ^ "Baldivis Tramway Reserve". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  12. ^ "New $1m Baldivis playground to draw on area's milling history". soundtelegraph.com.au. Sound Telegraph. 9 August 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  13. ^ Laura Tomlinson (13 September 2013). "Tramway Reserve plans are on track". perthnow.com.au. Weekend Kwinana Courier. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  14. ^ "6 Mile Site". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  15. ^ "7 Mile Site ("Sevvy" to later settlers)". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  16. ^ "9 Mile Dumps site". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  17. ^ a b "13 Mile". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  18. ^ "Tramway Reserve - site". inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au. Heritage Council of Western Australia. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
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