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Coordinates: 49°05′43″N 117°44′04″W / 49.09528°N 117.73444°W / 49.09528; -117.73444
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| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{BC}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[British Columbia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Canada#British Columbia|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Canada#British Columbia|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kootenays|West Kootenay]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kootenays|West Kootenay]]
Line 70: Line 70:
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_total = 1,680<ref name="cen16">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Warfield, Village |date = 8 February 2017|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5905018&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=Warfield&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=5905018&TABID=1&type=0 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
| population_total = 1,729
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_sq_mi =
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| postal_code_type =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| area_code = [[Area code 250|250]], [[Area codes 778, 236, and 672|778, 236, & 672]]
| blank_name = [[List of British Columbia provincial highways|Highways]]
| blank_name = [[List of British Columbia provincial highways|Highways]]
| blank_info = [[British Columbia Highway 3B|3B]], [[British Columbia Highway 22|22]]
| blank_info = {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|3B}} <br> {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|22}}
| blank1_name =
| blank1_name =
| blank1_info =
| blank1_info =
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}}
}}
'''Warfield''' is a village located in southern [[British Columbia]] in the [[West Kootenay]] region. It is located at the west end of [[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]] at the bottom of the [[Rossland, British Columbia|Rossland]] hill.
'''Warfield''' is a village at the bottom of the [[Rossland, British Columbia|Rossland]] hill, immediately west of [[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]], in the [[West Kootenay]] region of southern [[British Columbia]].


==Climate==
==Settlement==
Warfield was named after Carlos Warfield, a business partner of [[F. Augustus Heinze|Fritz Augustus Heinze]], who built the [[Trail, British Columbia#Trail smelter arbitration (1938–1942)|Trail smelter arbitration (1938–1942)]].<ref name=30Nov17>{{Cite web | url=https://www.castlegarnews.com/opinion/place-names-warfield | title=Castlegar News, 30 Nov 2017 | website=www.castlegarnews.com| date=30 November 2017 }}</ref> Annable,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nelsonstar.com/community/rounding-out-the-as-annable-apex-and-arrow-park | title=Nelson Star, 28 Apr 2013 | website=www.nelsonstar.com| date=28 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nelsonstar.com/community/revisiting-the-mac-annable-story | title=Nelson Star, 21 Jul 2013 | website=www.nelsonstar.com| date=21 July 2013 }}</ref> Mickey Mouse Town, and Minnie Mouse Town are among its six distinct neighbourhoods.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.castlegarnews.com/community/place-names-warfield-neighbourhoods | title=Castlegar News, 21 Sep 2019 | website=www.nelsonstar.com| date=21 September 2019 }}</ref> In the 1930s, the [[Trail, British Columbia#Trail smelter arbitration (1938–1942)|Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company]] (CM&S) built a residential area to house employees. Warfield incorporated as a village in 1952.<ref name="30Nov17" />


==Fertilizer farm==
{{Weather box
In 1919, CM&S bought a tract of land at Warfield to supply cheap produce for its workers, and show that pollution from the Trail smelter was not as significant as critics claimed, but the farm proved the converse. Following the installation of a pollution control device in 1925, the captured dust was taken to a plant built at the farm that converted the material into a variety of fertilizers. By 1931, the company produced hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, ammonia sulphate, phosphite and phosphoric acid-based products.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.crowsnest-highway.ca/cgi-bin/citypage.pl?city=TRAIL#10 | title=Cleaning up: the Smelter and Mother Nature | website=www.crowsnest-highway.ca}}</ref>

By 1941, the Warfield plant output of ordinance-grade ammonium nitrate was directed to munitions during [[World War II]]. In addition, the US military needed [[heavy water]] for the [[P-9 Project|Manhattan Project]]. The only two sources in the world were [[Vemork]], [[Norway]], under German occupation, and Trail, where electrolytic hydrogen was a by-product of the CM&S sulfur recovery process. CM&S was directed by the federal government to build a heavy water plant at Warfield, which was funded by the US, and operated from 1943 to 1956. A 14-storey concrete building in the midst of the fertilizer complex has evidenced the strategic project.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.crowsnest-highway.ca/cgi-bin/citypage.pl?city=TRAIL#11 | title=Project 9: CM&S and the Destruction of Hiroshima | website=www.crowsnest-highway.ca}}</ref>

[[File:WARFIELD- sign.jpg|thumb|Warfield's welcome sign]]

==Rossland CP line==
In 1896, Warfield was one of two intermediate stations opened.<ref name="30Nov17" /> In 1966, [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP) abandoned the Rossland spur west of Warfield.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.crowsnest-highway.ca/cgi-bin/citypage.pl?city=TRAIL#6 | title=The Columbia & Western Railway and Rossland | website=www.crowsnest-highway.ca}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Warfield had a population of 1,753 living in 798 of its 828 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1753-1680}}|1680|1}} from its 2016 population of 1,680. With a land area of {{cvt|1.89|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1753|1.89|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000259 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Warfield included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Warfield&DGUIDlist=2021A00055905018&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (1,060 persons or 60.7%)
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (635 persons or 36.4%)
*Other (10 persons or 0.6%)

⚫
== Government ==
⚫
On the [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|provincial level]], Warfield is a part of the electoral district of [[Kootenay West (provincial electoral district)]]. The riding, which has traditionally voted for the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party]], is currently represented by NDP MLA [[Katrine Conroy]].

⚫
In the [[House of Commons of Canada]], Warfield is represented in the electoral district of [[South Okanagan—West Kootenay]]. Created prior to the 2015 General Election, the seat is currently held by [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] Member of Parliament [[Richard Cannings (British Columbia politician)]].

⚫
== School District ==
⚫
The current school district for Warfield is School District 20 Kootenay-Columbia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aboriginal education enhancement agreement|author=School District #20 (Kootenay-Columbia, B.C.)|author2=Ministry of Education: Aboriginal Education Enhancements Branch|date=2008|publisher=[Ministry of Education]|oclc=489627034}}</ref> Currently, Warfield offers one elementary school and one preschool.

⚫
== Schools ==
⚫
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
|+
⚫
!School
⚫
!Enrollment
⚫
!Grades
⚫
!Mascot
⚫
!Principal
⚫
!Offered sports
⚫
|-
⚫
|James L Webster Elementary School
⚫
|295
⚫
|K-7
⚫
|Leo the Lion
|Ms Shelly McKay
⚫
|Volleyball (6–7), Basketball (6–7), Cross Country (1–7), and Track (4–7).
⚫
|-
⚫
|Warfield Preschool (Associated with Webster)
⚫
|Not confirmed
⚫
|Preschool (3–5 years old)
⚫
|Not known
|Ms Shelly McKay
⚫
|N/A
⚫
|}

==Climate==
Warfield has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Dfb]]) with warm, sometimes hot summer days along with cool nights and moderately cold, snowy winters with annual snowfall averaging {{convert|179.1|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Environment and Climate Change|date=2013-09-25|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada|url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=warfield&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=1159&dispBack=1|access-date=2020-06-10|website=climate.weather.gc.ca|language=en}}</ref>{{Weather box
|location = Warfield
|location = Warfield
|collapsed = yes
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
Line 118: Line 173:
|Apr record high C = 30.6
|Apr record high C = 30.6
|May record high C = 35.6
|May record high C = 35.6
|Jun record high C = 37.2
|Jun record high C = 44.8
|Jul record high C = 41.1
|Jul record high C = 41.4
|Aug record high C = 39.1
|Aug record high C = 41.6
|Sep record high C = 36.0
|Sep record high C = 36.6
|Oct record high C = 26.1
|Oct record high C = 26.1
|Nov record high C = 18.3
|Nov record high C = 18.3
|Dec record high C = 14.4
|Dec record high C = 14.4
|year record high C = 41.1
|year record high C = 44.8
|Jan high C = 0.5
|Jan high C = 0.4
|Feb high C = 3.3
|Feb high C = 3.3
|Mar high C = 9.2
|Mar high C = 9.1
|Apr high C = 15.0
|Apr high C = 15.1
|May high C = 19.8
|May high C = 20.8
|Jun high C = 23.3
|Jun high C = 23.9
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Jul high C = 29.3
|Aug high C = 28.1
|Aug high C = 29.5
|Sep high C = 22.1
|Sep high C = 23.1
|Oct high C = 12.8
|Oct high C = 13.0
|Nov high C = 4.5
|Nov high C = 4.6
|Dec high C = -0.2
|Dec high C = 0.1
|year high C = 13.8
|year high C = 14.4
|Jan mean C = -1.8
|Jan mean C = -1.7
|Feb mean C = 0.1
|Feb mean C = 0.2
|Mar mean C = 4.6
|Mar mean C = 4.4
|Apr mean C = 9.1
|Apr mean C = 9.1
|May mean C = 13.5
|May mean C = 14.0
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 20.4
|Jul mean C = 21.2
|Aug mean C = 20.4
|Aug mean C = 21.1
|Sep mean C = 15.2
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 8.1
|Oct mean C = 8.2
|Nov mean C = 2.0
|Nov mean C = 2.0
|Dec mean C = -2.4
|Dec mean C =-1.7
|year mean C = 8.9
|year mean C = 9.2
|Jan low C = -4.0
|Jan low C = -4.0
|Feb low C = -3.1
|Feb low C = -3.1
|Mar low C = 0.0
|Mar low C = -0.4
|Apr low C = 3.2
|Apr low C = 2.8
|May low C = 7.1
|May low C = 7.2
|Jun low C = 10.5
|Jun low C = 10.3
|Jul low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 12.7
|Aug low C = 12.5
|Sep low C = 8.4
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 3.4
|Oct low C = 3.5
|Nov low C = -0.5
|Nov low C = -0.6
|Dec low C = -4.5
|Dec low C = -3.9
|year low C = 3.8
|year low C = 3.8
|Jan record low C = -27.8
|Jan record low C = -27.8
Line 262: Line 317:
|year snow days = 41.3
|year snow days = 41.3
|source 1 = <ref name=metadata >{{cite web |url= http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/station_metadata_e.html?StnId=1159|title=Calculation Information for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Normals Data |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=9 July 2013 }}</ref>|date=9 March 2013
|source 1 = <ref name=metadata >{{cite web |url= http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/station_metadata_e.html?StnId=1159|title=Calculation Information for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Normals Data |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=9 July 2013 }}</ref>|date=9 March 2013
|source 2 =<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?timeframe=2&Year=2021&Month=6&Day=1&hlyRange=2001-06-26%7C2021-07-12&dlyRange=2001-11-26%7C2021-07-12&mlyRange=2002-07-01%7C2007-02-01&StationID=31067&Prov=BC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=specDate&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2021&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=warfield|title=Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
}}


⚫
== Government ==
⚫
On the [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|provincial level]], Warfield is a part of the electoral district of [[Kootenay West (provincial electoral district)]]. The riding, which has traditionally voted for the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party]], is currently represented by NDP MLA [[Katrine Conroy]].

⚫
In the [[House of Commons of Canada]], Warfield is represented in the electoral district of [[South Okanagan—West Kootenay]]. Created prior to the 2015 General Election, the seat is currently held by [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] Member of Parliament [[Richard Cannings (British Columbia politician)]].

⚫
== School District ==
⚫
The current school district for Warfield is School District 20 Kootenay-Columbia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aboriginal education enhancement agreement|author=School District #20 (Kootenay-Columbia, B.C.)|author2=Ministry of Education: Aboriginal Education Enhancements Branch|date=2008|publisher=[Ministry of Education]|oclc=489627034}}</ref> Currently, Warfield offers one elementary school and one preschool.

⚫
== Schools ==
⚫
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
|+
⚫
!School
⚫
!Enrollment
⚫
!Grades
⚫
!Mascot
⚫
!Principal
⚫
!Offered sports
⚫
|-
⚫
|James L Webster Elementary School
⚫
|295
⚫
|K-7
⚫
|Leo the Lion
|Mr Stefani
⚫
|Volleyball (6–7), Basketball (6–7), Cross Country (1–7), and Track (4–7).
⚫
|-
⚫
|Warfield Preschool (Associated with Webster)
⚫
|Not confirmed
⚫
|Preschool (3–5 years old)
⚫
|Not known
|Mr Stefani
⚫
|N/A
⚫
|}
{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|village=yes}}
{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|village=yes}}


Line 302: Line 326:


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{official website|http://www.warfield.ca}}

* [http://warfield.ca/ Official website of the Village of Warfield]


{{Coord|49|05|43|N|117|44|04|W|scale:60000|display=title}}
{{Coord|49|05|43|N|117|44|04|W|scale:60000|display=title}}
Line 313: Line 336:
[[Category:Villages in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Villages in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Populated places in the West Kootenay]]
[[Category:Populated places in the West Kootenay]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Columbia River]]
[[Category:British Columbia populated places on the Columbia River]]

Latest revision as of 14:35, 14 October 2024

Warfield
Village
The Corporation of the Village of Warfield[1]
Nickname: 
Jewel of the Kootenays
Warfield is located in British Columbia
Warfield
Warfield
Location of Warfield in British Columbia
Coordinates: 49°05′43″N 117°44′42″W / 49.09528°N 117.74500°W / 49.09528; -117.74500
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
RegionWest Kootenay
Regional districtKootenay-Boundary
Incorporated8 December 1952
Government
 • Governing bodyWarfield Village Council
Area
 • Total
1.9 km2 (0.7 sq mi)
Elevation
600 m (2,000 ft)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total
1,680[2]
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
Area code(s)250, 778, 236, & 672
Highways Highway 3B
Highway 22
WebsiteOfficial website

Warfield is a village at the bottom of the Rossland hill, immediately west of Trail, in the West Kootenay region of southern British Columbia.

Settlement

[edit]

Warfield was named after Carlos Warfield, a business partner of Fritz Augustus Heinze, who built the Trail smelter arbitration (1938–1942).[3] Annable,[4][5] Mickey Mouse Town, and Minnie Mouse Town are among its six distinct neighbourhoods.[6] In the 1930s, the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company (CM&S) built a residential area to house employees. Warfield incorporated as a village in 1952.[3]

Fertilizer farm

[edit]

In 1919, CM&S bought a tract of land at Warfield to supply cheap produce for its workers, and show that pollution from the Trail smelter was not as significant as critics claimed, but the farm proved the converse. Following the installation of a pollution control device in 1925, the captured dust was taken to a plant built at the farm that converted the material into a variety of fertilizers. By 1931, the company produced hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, ammonia sulphate, phosphite and phosphoric acid-based products.[7]

By 1941, the Warfield plant output of ordinance-grade ammonium nitrate was directed to munitions during World War II. In addition, the US military needed heavy water for the Manhattan Project. The only two sources in the world were Vemork, Norway, under German occupation, and Trail, where electrolytic hydrogen was a by-product of the CM&S sulfur recovery process. CM&S was directed by the federal government to build a heavy water plant at Warfield, which was funded by the US, and operated from 1943 to 1956. A 14-storey concrete building in the midst of the fertilizer complex has evidenced the strategic project.[8]

Warfield's welcome sign

Rossland CP line

[edit]

In 1896, Warfield was one of two intermediate stations opened.[3] In 1966, Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) abandoned the Rossland spur west of Warfield.[9]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Warfield had a population of 1,753 living in 798 of its 828 total private dwellings, a change of 4.3% from its 2016 population of 1,680. With a land area of 1.89 km2 (0.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 927.5/km2 (2,402.2/sq mi) in 2021.[10]

Religion

[edit]

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Warfield included:[11]

Government

[edit]

On the provincial level, Warfield is a part of the electoral district of Kootenay West (provincial electoral district). The riding, which has traditionally voted for the British Columbia New Democratic Party, is currently represented by NDP MLA Katrine Conroy.

In the House of Commons of Canada, Warfield is represented in the electoral district of South Okanagan—West Kootenay. Created prior to the 2015 General Election, the seat is currently held by NDP Member of Parliament Richard Cannings (British Columbia politician).

School District

[edit]

The current school district for Warfield is School District 20 Kootenay-Columbia.[12] Currently, Warfield offers one elementary school and one preschool.

Schools

[edit]
School Enrollment Grades Mascot Principal Offered sports
James L Webster Elementary School 295 K-7 Leo the Lion Ms Shelly McKay Volleyball (6–7), Basketball (6–7), Cross Country (1–7), and Track (4–7).
Warfield Preschool (Associated with Webster) Not confirmed Preschool (3–5 years old) Not known Ms Shelly McKay N/A

Climate

[edit]

Warfield has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm, sometimes hot summer days along with cool nights and moderately cold, snowy winters with annual snowfall averaging 179.1 cm (70.5 in).[13]

Climate data for Warfield
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		22.0
(71.6) 		30.6
(87.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		44.8
(112.6) 		41.4
(106.5) 		41.6
(106.9) 		36.6
(97.9) 		26.1
(79.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		14.4
(57.9) 		44.8
(112.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		3.3
(37.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		15.1
(59.2) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.9
(75.0) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.5
(85.1) 		23.1
(73.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		4.6
(40.3) 		0.1
(32.2) 		14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		9.2
(48.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		2.8
(37.0) 		7.2
(45.0) 		10.3
(50.5) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.5
(54.5) 		8.7
(47.7) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		3.8
(38.8)
Record low °C (°F) −27.8
(−18.0) 		−27.2
(−17.0) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−20.5
(−4.9) 		−31.1
(−24.0) 		−31.1
(−24.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.4
(3.09) 		60.6
(2.39) 		66.1
(2.60) 		62.0
(2.44) 		74.0
(2.91) 		74.4
(2.93) 		48.2
(1.90) 		35.5
(1.40) 		39.7
(1.56) 		51.4
(2.02) 		96.5
(3.80) 		92.4
(3.64) 		779.0
(30.67)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 27.8
(1.09) 		35.2
(1.39) 		55.8
(2.20) 		60.7
(2.39) 		73.9
(2.91) 		74.4
(2.93) 		48.2
(1.90) 		35.5
(1.40) 		39.7
(1.56) 		49.7
(1.96) 		64.4
(2.54) 		34.7
(1.37) 		599.9
(23.62)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 50.6
(19.9) 		25.4
(10.0) 		10.3
(4.1) 		1.4
(0.6) 		0.1
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.7
(0.7) 		32.0
(12.6) 		57.7
(22.7) 		179.1
(70.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 15.2 13.6 14.5 14.4 15.7 15.1 9.0 7.7 7.6 11.4 17.0 16.1 157.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 6.7 8.1 12.9 14.4 15.7 15.1 9.0 7.7 7.6 11.3 13.1 5.1 126.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 10.6 7.3 3.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 6.5 12.8 41.3
Source 1: [14]
Source 2: [15]

References

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  1. ^ "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address" (XLS). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  2. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Warfield, Village". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Castlegar News, 30 Nov 2017". www.castlegarnews.com. 30 November 2017.
  4. ^ "Nelson Star, 28 Apr 2013". www.nelsonstar.com. 28 April 2013.
  5. ^ "Nelson Star, 21 Jul 2013". www.nelsonstar.com. 21 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Castlegar News, 21 Sep 2019". www.nelsonstar.com. 21 September 2019.
  7. ^ "Cleaning up: the Smelter and Mother Nature". www.crowsnest-highway.ca.
  8. ^ "Project 9: CM&S and the Destruction of Hiroshima". www.crowsnest-highway.ca.
  9. ^ "The Columbia & Western Railway and Rossland". www.crowsnest-highway.ca.
  10. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  11. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  12. ^ School District #20 (Kootenay-Columbia, B.C.); Ministry of Education: Aboriginal Education Enhancements Branch (2008). Aboriginal education enhancement agreement. [Ministry of Education]. OCLC 489627034.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (25 September 2013). "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". climate.weather.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  14. ^ "Calculation Information for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Normals Data". Environment Canada. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  15. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
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49°05′43″N 117°44′04″W / 49.09528°N 117.73444°W / 49.09528; -117.73444

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