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{{Short description|Humanoid robot created by Honda}}
'''ASIMO''' (アシモ) is a [[humanoid robot]] created in [[2000]] by [[Honda]] Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. ASIMO is considered the first humanoid robot that can walk on two feet in a matter resembling human [[locomotion]]. Weighing 43 kilograms, the external design of the robot resembles a small [[astronaut]] wearing a backpack.
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{infobox robot
| name = ASIMO
| logo = Asimo logo.svg
| logosize = 175px
| image = Honda ASIMO (ver. 2011) 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.jpg
| imsize = 175px
| caption = ASIMO at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2011
| alt =
| user = ASIMO (28 April 2011)
| maintained = Honda
| year_of_creation = 2000
| derived_from =
| replaced_by =
| website = {{URL|http://asimo.honda.com/}}
| retire = June 2018
}}


'''ASIMO''' ('''Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility''') is a [[humanoid robot]] created by [[Honda]] in 2000. It is displayed in the [[Miraikan]] museum in [[Tokyo, Japan]]. On 8 July 2018, Honda posted the last update of ASIMO on their official page stating that it would be ceasing all development and production of ASIMO robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through ASIMO's lifespan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASIMO by Honda {{!}} The World's Most Advanced Humanoid Robot|url=https://asimo.honda.com/news/hondas-robotics-research-efforts/newsarticle_0154/|access-date=2020-06-10|website=asimo.honda.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Kupperberg | first = Paul | title = Careers in robotics | publisher = Rosen Pub | location = New York | year = 2007 | page = [https://archive.org/details/careersinrobotic00kupp/page/8 8] | isbn = 978-1404209565 | url = https://archive.org/details/careersinrobotic00kupp/page/8 }}</ref> It made its last active appearance in March 2022, over 20 years after its first, as Honda announced that they are retiring the robot to concentrate on [[Remote control|remote-controlled]], avatar-style, robotic technology.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/03/2f1164a820ff-hondas-asimo-robot-to-retire-after-20-year-career-wowing-public.html | title=Honda's Asimo robot retires after 20-year career wowing public }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Honda's humanoid robot Asimo bids farewell {{!}} NHK WORLD-JAPAN News |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220331_40/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=NHK WORLD |language=en}}</ref>
Three prototypes preceded the current ASIMO 2000 model: prototype P1 in [[1986]], P2 in [[1996]] and P3 in [[1997]].


There are four published models of the ASIMO. A few years after the release in 2002 there were 20 units of the first ASIMO model produced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Say Hello To Asimo|website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2002/02/21/0221tentech.html|year=2002}}</ref> As of February 2009, there were over 100 ASIMO units in existence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article5798625.ece |title=Today it's a cute friend. Tomorrow it could be the dominant life form |author=Kevin Warwick |date=2009-02-25 |publisher=Times of London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
The [[robot]]'s name is a [[backronym]] in honor of [[science fiction]] writer [[Isaac Asimov]], maker of the [[Three Laws of Robotics]]. Officially, the name stands for "Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility". In [[Japanese language|Japanese]], the name is pronounced ''ashimo'' and, not coincidentally, means "legs also".


==Development==
* [http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/]
[[Image: Asimo&p3.jpg|thumb|P3 model (left) compared to ASIMO]]


Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO. It was the company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal (two-legged) model produced as part of the [[Honda E series]], which was an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993.<ref name="Guardian" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Hanlon|first=Mike|title=Twenty years in the making – ASIMO the humanoid robot|url=http://www.gizmag.com/go/1765/|access-date=29 September 2011|newspaper=Gizmag}}</ref>
{{msg:stub}}
This was followed by the [[Honda P series]] of robots produced from 1993 through 1997. The research made
on the E- and P-series led to the creation of ASIMO. Development began at Honda's ''Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center'' in Japan in 1999 and ASIMO was unveiled in October 2000.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hudson|first=Paul|title=Honda's ASIMO robot is 10 years old|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/news/8096517/Hondas-Asimo-robot-is-10-years-old.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 October 2011|access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/siena.edu/a-i/e-asimo/inside-asimo|title=Inside ASIMO|work=A.I. |access-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321110929/https://sites.google.com/a/siena.edu/a-i/e-asimo/inside-asimo |archive-date= Mar 21, 2014}}</ref> ASIMO is an acronym which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Evolutionary humanoid robotics|last=Eaton |first=Malachy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuB5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783662445990|location=Heidelberg [Germany]|pages=40|oclc=902724634|date = 2 February 2015}}</ref> The Japanese word Asi also stands for 'leg' and Mo for 'mobility'. ASIMO is pronounced as '{{respell|ashimo}}' and means 'also legs'.

In 2018, Honda ceased the commercial development of ASIMO, although it will continue to be developed as a research platform and make public appearances.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honda's Robotics Research Efforts|url=https://asimo.honda.com/news/hondas-robotics-research-efforts/newsarticle_0154|website=ASIMO by [[Honda]]|date=2 July 2018|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref>

===Form ===
ASIMO stands {{convert|130|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} tall and weighs {{convert|54|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Research conducted by Honda found that the ideal height for a mobility assistant robot was between 120&nbsp;cm and the height of an average adult, which is conducive to operating door knobs and light switches.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|last=Ford|first=Jason|title=Two legs good|url=http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/two-legs-good/271850.article#ixzz1TF8K9jyc|newspaper=The Engineer|date=22 November 2000|access-date=27 July 2011|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925070709/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/two-legs-good/271850.article#ixzz1TF8K9jyc|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Alok|title=Meet the home help of the future|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/feb/17/sciencenews.uk|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 February 2004|access-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> ASIMO is powered by a rechargeable 51.8&nbsp;V [[lithium-ion battery]] with an operating time of one hour. Switching from a [[nickel–metal hydride battery]] in 2004 increased the amount of time ASIMO can operate before recharging.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Honda|url=http://hondau3-x.net/asimo|title=The Honda ASIMO Robot|access-date=15 July 2011|archive-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010308/http://hondau3-x.net/asimo|url-status=dead}}</ref> ASIMO has a [[Three-dimensional integrated circuit|three-dimensional computer processor]] that was created by Honda and consists of a three stacked [[Die (integrated circuit)|die]], a [[Processor (computing)|processor]], a [[Signal conditioning|signal converter]] and [[Computer memory|memory]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hiratsuka|first=Mark|title=Honda Creates 3D CPU|url=http://www.digitalworldtokyo.com/index.php/digital_tokyo/articles/honda_creates_3d_cpu_to_power_super_asimo|newspaper=Digital World Tokyo|date=30 January 2008|access-date=27 July 2011|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031231139/http://www.digitalworldtokyo.com/index.php/digital_tokyo/articles/honda_creates_3d_cpu_to_power_super_asimo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The computer that controls ASIMO's movement is housed in the robot's waist area and can be controlled by a PC, wireless controller, or [[voice command]]s.<ref name=HowStuffWorks>{{Cite web|url=http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/asimo1.htm|title=Honda ASIMO Robot|author1=Obringer, Lee Ann |author2=Strickland, Jonathan |name-list-style=amp |work=How Stuff Works|access-date=15 July 2011|date=11 April 2007}}</ref>

===Abilities===
ASIMO has the ability to [[Object recognition (computer vision)|recognize moving objects]], postures, [[Gesture recognition|gestures]], its surrounding environment, sounds and [[face recognition|faces]], which enables it to interact with humans. The robot can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and also determine distance and direction. This feature allows ASIMO to follow or face a person when approached.<ref name="Guardian" /> The robot interprets voice commands and human gestures, enabling it to recognize when a [[handshake]] is offered or when a person waves or points, and then respond accordingly.<ref name=HowStuffWorks /> ASIMO's ability to distinguish between voices and other sounds allows it to identify its companions. ASIMO is able to respond to its name and recognizes sounds associated with a falling object or collision. This allows the robot to face a person when spoken to or look towards a sound. ASIMO responds to questions by nodding or providing a verbal answer in different languages and can recognize approximately 10 different faces and address them by name.<ref name=HowStuffWorks />

There are sensors that assist in [[Autonomous robot#Autonomous navigation|autonomous navigation]]. The two cameras inside the head are used as a visual sensor to detect obstacles. The lower portion of the torso has ground sensor which comprises one [[laser sensor]] and one [[infrared sensor]]. The laser sensor is used to detect ground surface. The infrared sensor with automatic shutter adjustment based on brightness is used to detect pairs of floor markings to confirm the navigable paths of the planned map. The pre-loaded map and the detection of floor markings help the robot to precisely identify its present location and continuously adjust its position. There are front and rear ultrasonic sensors to sense the obstacles. The front sensor is located at the lower portion of the torso together with the ground sensor. The rear sensor is located at the bottom of the backpack.<ref>{{cite book|title=ASIMO Technical Information|date=September 2007|publisher=Honda Motor Co., Ltd.|page=28|url=http://asimo.honda.com/downloads/pdf/asimo-technical-information.pdf}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:ASIMO environment identifying sensors.jpg|ASIMO environment identifying sensors which include visual, ground, and ultrasonic sensors
File:ASIMO visual sensor.jpg|Two cameras inside the black visor of ASIMO
File:ASIMO floor markers.jpg|Pairs of black markings are used to provide targets for its autonomous navigation.
File:ASIMO ground and ultrasonic sensors.jpg|The ground and front ultrasonic sensors are located at the bottom part of the torso.
File:ASIMO autonomous navigation.webm|ASIMO autonomous navigation through a couple of targets
File:ASIMO sole of the left foot.jpg|The sole of the left foot, which is part of the Floor Reaction Control, is shown.
File:ASIMO rear view.jpg|Rear view of ASIMO
</gallery>

===Impact and technologies===
Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ngo|first=Dong|title=Honda walking-assist gear steps on U.S. .soil|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10219181-1.html|publisher=CNET|date=14 April 2009|access-date=21 July 2011|archive-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101216/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10219181-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the [[iPhone]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[smartphone]]s called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by virtually walking the robot through the steps of a race and then sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hudson|first=Paul|title=Honda's Asimo robot is 10 years old|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/news/8096517/Hondas-Asimo-robot-is-10-years-old.html|access-date=21 July 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 October 2010}}</ref>

===Specifications===
{|style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
|+ Specifications<ref name="world.honda.com"/><ref>[http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/next-generation/index.html Honda Worldwide | ASIMO | Next-Generation]. Honda Worldwide (15 December 2004). Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref><ref>[http://world.honda.com/news/2000/c001120.html Honda Worldwide | World News | News Releases | 20 November 2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060314155447/http://world.honda.com/news/2000/c001120.html |date=14 March 2006 }}. Honda Worldwide (20 November 2000). Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref><ref>[http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/new/ Honda Worldwide | ASIMO]. World.honda.com. Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref><ref name="honda2">{{cite web|url=http://asimo.honda.com/downloads/pdf/asimo-technical-faq.pdf|date=20 December 2006|title=ASIMO &#124; Frequently Asked Questions|author=American Honda Motor Co., Inc.|access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
! Model
! 2000, 2001, 2002
! 2004
! 2005, 2007
! 2011<ref name=Asimo2011en>{{cite news|title=Honda Unveils All-new ASIMO with Significant Advancements "Honda Robotics" established as new collective name to represent Honda robotics research and all product applications |url=http://world.honda.com/news/2011/c111108All-new-ASIMO/index.html |access-date=6 May 2013 |publisher=Honda Worldwide site |date=8 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628062802/http://world.honda.com/news/2011/c111108All-new-ASIMO/index.html |archive-date=28 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Asimo2011jp>{{cite news|script-title=ja:基本仕様|url=http://www.honda.co.jp/ASIMO/about/technology2011/index.html|access-date=6 May 2013|publisher=Honda Worldwide site|date=November 2011|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
| Mass
| colspan=3 | {{convert|54|kg|lbs}}
| {{convert|48|kg|lbs}}<ref name=c.net>{{cite news|last=jornyak|first=Tim|title=Asimo does bottles, lovey-dovey hand gestures|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57320941-1/asimo-does-bottles-lovey-dovey-hand-gestures/|access-date=9 November 2011|publisher=CNET|date=8 November 2011}}</ref>
|-
| Height
| {{convert|120|cm|in}}<ref name="world.honda.com">[http://world.honda.com/news/2004/c041215.html Honda Worldwide | 15 December 2004 "Honda Reveals Technologies Next-Generation ASIMO"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630062720/http://world.honda.com/news/2004/c041215.html |date=30 June 2006 }}. Honda Worldwide (15 December 2004). Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref>
| colspan=3 | {{convert|130|cm|in}}
|-
| Width
| colspan=4 | {{convert|45|cm|in}}
|-
| Depth
| {{convert|44|cm|in}}
| colspan=2 | {{convert|37|cm|in}}
| {{convert|34|cm|in}}
|-
| Walking speed
| {{convert|1.6|km/h|mph}}
| {{convert|2.5|km/h|mph}}
| colspan=2 | {{convert|2.7|km/h|mph}}
|-
| Running speed
| {{n/a}}
| {{convert|3|km/h|mph}}
| {{convert|6|km/h|mph}} (straight)<br /> {{convert|5|km/h|mph}} (circling)
| {{convert|9|km/h|mph}}
|-
| Airborne time<br />([[Running#Motion|Running motion]])
| {{n/a}}
| 0.05 seconds
| colspan=2 |0.08 seconds
|-
| Battery
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| [[Nickel–metal hydride battery|Nickel–metal hydride]]<br /> 38.4&nbsp;[[Volt|V]], 10&nbsp;[[ampere hour|Ah]], {{convert|7.7|kg|lb}} <br /> 4 hours to fully charge
| colspan=3 |[[Lithium-ion battery|Lithium ion]]<br /> 51.8&nbsp;V, {{convert|6|kg|lb}} <br /> 3 hours to fully charge
|-
| Continuous operating time
| 30 minutes
| colspan=2 | 40&nbsp;mins to 1 hour (walking)
| 1 hour (running/walking)
|-
| [[Degrees of freedom (engineering)|Degrees of Freedom]]
| 26<br/><small>(head: 2, arm: 5×2, hand: 1×2, leg: 6×2)</small>
| colspan=2 | 34<ref>[http://asimo.honda.com/asimo_specifications.html ASIMO's Specifications]. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 12 June 2011.</ref><br/><small>(head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 2×2, torso: 1, leg: 6×2)</small>
| 57<ref name=Asimo2011jp /><ref>[http://world.honda.com/news/2011/c111108All-new-ASIMO/index.html ASIMO's] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628062802/http://world.honda.com/news/2011/c111108All-new-ASIMO/index.html |date=28 June 2013 }}. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://asimo.honda.com/asimo-specs/ ASIMO Specifications | ASIMO Innovations by Honda]. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.</ref><br/><small>(head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 13×2, torso: 2, leg: 6×2)</small>
|-
| Languages
|
|
|
|English & Japanese<ref>{{cite news|title=Latest Version of ASIMO Makes North American Debut in New York|url=http://www.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id=7720-en|access-date=8 February 2015|work=Honda|date=17 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Images
| [[File: ASIMO-2001.jpg|120px]]
| colspan=2 | [[File:2005 Honda ASIMO 01.JPG|75px]]
| [[File: Honda ASIMO (ver. 2011) 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.jpg|90px]]
|}

==Public appearances==
[[File: ASIMO Conducting Pose on 4.14.2008.jpg|thumb|Conducting an orchestra]]
[[File: USA - California - Dysneyland - Asimo Robot - 4.jpg|thumb|upright|Dancing in Disneyland]]
[[Image: Honda ASIMO.jpg|upright|thumb|Original ASIMO]]

Since ASIMO was introduced in 2000, the robot has traveled around the world and performed in front of international audiences. ASIMO made its first public appearance in the U.S. in 2002 when it rang the bell to open trade sessions for the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hesseldahl|first=Arik|title=Say Hello to Asi|url=https://www.forbes.com/2002/02/21/0221tentech.html|newspaper=Forbes|date=21 February 2002|access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> From January 2003 to March 2005, the robot toured the U.S. and Canada, demonstrating its abilities for more than 130,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ulanoff|first=Lance|title=ASIMO Robot to Tour U.S.A.|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,849588,00.asp|work=PC Magazine|access-date=9 August 2011|date=28 January 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014091718/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,849588,00.asp|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 2003 to 2004, ASIMO was part of the North American educational tour, where it visited top science and technology museums and academic institutions throughout North America.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haggs|title=ASIMO Tours North America|url=http://www.absoluteinsight.net/2048|work=Absolute Insight|access-date=9 August 2011|date=26 February 2005 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325113136/http://absoluteinsight.net/2048|archive-date=25 March 2009}}</ref> The goal of the tour was to encourage students to study science through a live show that highlighted ASIMO's abilities. Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across the US as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Spice|first=Byron|title=Robot of future harkens back to the past|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/healthscience/20030502asimosci3p3.asp|work=Post Gazette|access-date=9 August 2011|date=2 May 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011043709/http://old.post-gazette.com/healthscience/20030502asimosci3p3.asp |archive-date=Oct 11, 2012 }}</ref> In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon [[Robot Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2004 Inductees |url=http://www.robothalloffame.org/inductees/04inductees.html |work=The Robot Hall of Fame |publisher=[[Carnegie Mellon]]|access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> In March 2005, the robot walked the [[red carpet]] at the world premiere of the animated film, ''[[Robots (2005 film)|Robots]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carroll|first=Larry|title=Halle Berry, Amanda Bynes, Robin Williams Roll Out for 'Robots' Premiere Ewan McGregor, Harland Williams, real robot also turn out|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1498315/halle-robin-williams-unveil-robots-la.jhtml|publisher=MTV|access-date=9 August 2011|date=21 March 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107180028/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1498315/halle-robin-williams-unveil-robots-la.jhtml |archive-date= 7 November 2012 }}</ref> In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say 'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at [[Disneyland]]'s [[Innoventions (Disneyland)|Innoventions]] attraction, which was a part of the [[Tomorrowland (Disney Parks)|Tomorrowland]] area of the park.<ref name="physorg">{{cite web|url=http://www.physorg.com/news4408.html|title=Mickey Welcomes ASIMO to Disneyland's 50th Anniversary|date=2 June 2005|work=Physorg|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> This was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=White|first=Charlie|title=Honda ASIMO to Return to Disneyland|url=https://gizmodo.com/294650/honda-asimo-to-return-to-disneyland-run-around-and-talk-up-a-storm|date=29 August 2007|newspaper=Gizmodo|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref>

The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2003 for private demonstrations at the [[Science Museum, London|Science Museum]] in London.<ref name=bbcuk>{{cite news|last=Pease|first=Roland|title=Honda's humanoid robot hits UK|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3492979.stm|access-date=14 September 2011|work=BBC News|date=16 February 2004}}</ref> ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain,<ref name=spain>{{cite web|title=ASIMO Welcomes the King of Spain|url=http://www.hondanews.eu/en/textresults/index.pmode/modul,detail,0,202-DEFAULT,21,text,1/index.pmode|publisher=Honda Europe Newsroom Archives|access-date=14 September 2011|format=News Release|date=26 May 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320163430/http://www.hondanews.eu/en/textresults/index.pmode/modul,detail,0,202-DEFAULT,21,text,1/index.pmode|archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> the United Arab Emirates,<ref name=dubai>{{cite news|title=Dubai Motor Show 2005|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nisXp781Kp8&t=3m48s|access-date=14 September 2011|newspaper=AVT Khyber TV News|location=Dubai, UAE|format=Video}}</ref> Russia,<ref name=moscow>{{cite web|title=New ASIMO makes Russian Debut at Moscow International Motor Show|url=http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/event/2008/080826/|publisher=Honda Motor Co. Newsroom Archives|access-date=14 September 2011|location=Moscow, Russia|format=News Release|date=26 August 2008}}</ref> South Africa<ref name=southafrica>{{cite journal|last=Venter|first=Irma|title=Asimo humanoid robot to show off some new skills at Joburg Motor Show|journal=Engineering News|date=31 August 2011|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/asimo-humanoid-robot-to-show-off-some-new-skills-at-joburg-motor-show-2011-08-31|access-date=14 September 2011|location=South Africa|quote=An earlier generation of the Asimo robot visited South Africa for the first time at the Auto Africa motor show in 2006.}}</ref> and Australia.<ref name=australia>{{cite news|last=Amalfi|first=Carmelo|title=World's most advanced robot visits Perth Royal Show|url=http://www.sciencewa.net.au/777-worlds-most-advanced-robot-visits-perth-royal-show.html|access-date=14 September 2011|newspaper=Western Australia Science Network|date=29 September 2006}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In October 2008, ASIMO greeted [[Prince Charles]] during a visit to the [[Miraikan]] Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Alderson|first=Andrew|title=Prince Charles Meets Asimo the Robot on Japanese Tour|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/3272562/Prince-Charles-meets-Asimo-the-robot-on-Japanese-tour.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/3272562/Prince-Charles-meets-Asimo-the-robot-on-Japanese-tour.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 October 2008|access-date=12 July 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together. The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.<ref>{{cite web|last=Honda|title=Honda Develops Intelligence Technologies Enabling Multiple Asimo Robots to Work Together in Coordination|url=http://asimo.honda.com/news/honda-develops-intelligence-technologies-enabling-multiple-asimo-robots-to-work-together-in-coordination/newsarticle_0073/|work=Asimo.Honda.com|access-date=9 August 2011|date=11 December 2007}}</ref>

In 2008, ASIMO conducted the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]] in a performance of "[[The Impossible Dream (The Quest)|The Impossible Dream]]" to bring attention to its partnership with the Orchestra and support the performing arts in Detroit.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Van Buskirk|first=Eliot|title=Honda Robot Will Conduct Detroit Symphony|url=https://www.wired.com/listening_post/2008/04/hondas-robot-wi/|magazine=Wired|date=23 April 2008|access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> A 49-foot replica of ASIMO made with natural materials, such as lettuce seed, rice and carnations led the 120th [[Rose Parade]] in celebration of Honda's 50th year of operation in the US.<ref>{{cite web|last=McKeegan|first=Noel|title=49-foot tall ASIMO rolls into California|url=http://www.gizmag.com/honda-asimo-49-foot-tall-robot/10600/|work=Gizmag|access-date=9 August 2011|date=21 December 2008}}</ref> Later that year, the robot made an appearance in Italy at the Genoa Science Festival.<ref>{{cite web|last=Energetic|title=New Asimo to debut at the Genoa Science Festival|url=http://www.s2ki.com/home/2009/10/21/new-asimo-to-debut-at-the-genoa-science-festival/|work=S2KI|access-date=9 August 2011|date=21 October 2009}}</ref>

In January 2010, Honda debuted its "Living With Robots" documentary at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah|Park City]], Utah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asimo Attends Sundance|url=http://www.robotliving.com/robot-news/asimo-attends-sundance|work=Robot Living|access-date=9 August 2011|date=14 January 2010}}</ref> The film focuses on the experience of [[human–robot interaction|human interaction with robots]] like ASIMO.<ref>{{cite web|last=McCarthy|first=Erin|title=Asimo Headlines at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival (With Video!)|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/robots/4343821|work=Popular Mechanics|access-date=9 August 2011|date=27 January 2010}}</ref> ASIMO attended the [[Ars Electronica]] festival in [[Linz]], Austria in September 2010, which allowed Honda to study the results of human and robot interaction and use the results to guide development of future versions of the robot.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robot meet and greet: ASIMO works on its social skils this week|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/gallery_directory.cfm?photo_id=D2AA87DD-0F13-F40C-C50D2364409B95A1|work=Scientific American|date=2 September 2010|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> In April 2011, ASIMO was demonstrated at the [[FIRST Championship]] in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], US to encourage students to pursue studies in math, science and engineering,<ref name="bizjournals">{{cite web|last=Volkmann|first=Kelsey|title=Honda's ASIMO visits FIRST robotics event|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/blog/2011/04/hondas-asimo-visits-first-robotics.html|work=St. Louis Business Journal|access-date=9 August 2011|date=28 April 2011}}</ref> and in November 2011 ASIMO was one of the star attractions at the first Abu Dhabi Science Festival.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://asimo.honda.com/news/abu-dhabi-welcomes-asimo-to-its-science-festival/newsarticle_0128/ | title=ASIMO by Honda &#124; the World's Most Advanced Humanoid Robot }}</ref>

ASIMO visited the [[Ontario Science Center]] in Toronto in May 2011 and demonstrated its abilities to Canadian students. The robot later traveled to [[Ottawa]] for the unveiling of an exhibit at the [[Canadian Museum of Civilization]] 19 May through 22 May 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oliveira|first=Michael|title=Honda's humanoid robot Asimo seen as human helper of the future|url=http://www.news1130.com/news/national/article/226150--honda-s-humanoid-robot-asimo-seen-as-human-helper-of-the-future|work=News 1130.com|access-date=9 August 2011|date=13 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323154346/http://www.news1130.com/news/national/article/226150--honda-s-humanoid-robot-asimo-seen-as-human-helper-of-the-future|archive-date=23 March 2012}}</ref>

ASIMO appeared as a guest on the British quiz show ''[[QI]]'' on 2 December 2011. After serving water to host [[Stephen Fry]] and dancing with comedian [[Jo Brand]], ASIMO won with 32 points.

ASIMO was also the inspiration behind 2012's film ''[[Robot & Frank]]'', where a robot assists an aging man to commit his last job as a 'cat burglar'. The robot in the film, portrayed by an actor in costume, has the appearance of an ASIMO robot.

In April 2014, the robot was introduced to President Obama at the Miraikan science museum in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2014 |title=Obama Gets Kick Out of Soccer-Playing Asimo Robot |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/obama-gets-kick-out-soccer-playing-asimo-robot-n88631 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>

On 24 March 2017, Honda revealed ASIMO in [[Disneyland]]'s [[Autopia]] attraction.

===Failures===
On multiple occasions, audience members at public showcasings of ASIMO have filmed the robot acting incorrectly and falling down stairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-05 |title=7 Times Honda's ASIMO Bot Showed Off Its Skills, and Once When It Didn't |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/7-times-hondas-asimo-bot-showed-off-its-skills/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Digital Trends |language=en}}</ref> These videos have been uploaded on YouTube, and some have become [[viral video|viral]] for their comedic nature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=thekenneth |title=Asimo takes a spill |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dKPkL2oto0 |website=YouTube |date=22 August 2006 |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=euqiddis |title=Honda's Asimo Robot buckling on the stairs |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTlV0Y5yAww |website=YouTube |date=12 December 2006 |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KPJ773 |title=oops Asimo screws up |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FDeEuH6mCQ |website=YouTube |date=1 December 2007 |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col}}
*[[Humanoid robot]]
*[[Japanese robotics]]
*[[Actroid]]
*[[Android (robot)|Android]]
*[[iCub]]
*[[HRP-4C]]
*[[HUBO]]
*[[REEM-B]]
*[[QRIO]]
*[[TOPIO]]
*[[Nao (robot)|Nao]]
*[[DARwIn-OP]]
*[[Manav (robot)|Manav]]
*[[Musio]]
*[[Sophia (robot)|Sophia]]
*[[Ameca (robot)|Ameca]]
*[[Optimus (robot)|Optimus]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no||v=no|q=no|s=no|b=The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/ASIMO|n=ASIMO|commons=ASIMO}}

*[http://world.honda.com/ASIMO/ Official website (Worldwide)] – Honda
*[https://global.honda/jp/ASIMO/ Official website (Japan)] – Honda {{in lang|ja}}
*[https://asimo.honda.com/ Official website (United States)] – Honda
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4098201.stm "Humanoid robot learns how to run"] – [[BBC News Online]]
*[https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8456 "Humanoid robot gets a job as a receptionist"] – [[New Scientist]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTlV0Y5yAww Japan product demonstration]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/mar/31/mind-control-helmet-honda-asimo Honda unveils helmet that lets wearer control a robot by thought alone]

{{Honda}}
{{Humanoid robots}}
{{Running robots}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asimo}}
[[Category:2000 robots]]
[[Category:Androids]]
[[Category:Animatronic robots]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Bipedal humanoid robots]]
[[Category:Gesture recognition]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
[[Category:Robotics at Honda]]

Latest revision as of 15:51, 14 October 2024

ASIMO
ASIMO at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2011
Year of creation2000
Websiteasimo.honda.com

ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan. On 8 July 2018, Honda posted the last update of ASIMO on their official page stating that it would be ceasing all development and production of ASIMO robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through ASIMO's lifespan.[1][2] It made its last active appearance in March 2022, over 20 years after its first, as Honda announced that they are retiring the robot to concentrate on remote-controlled, avatar-style, robotic technology.[3][4]

There are four published models of the ASIMO. A few years after the release in 2002 there were 20 units of the first ASIMO model produced.[5] As of February 2009, there were over 100 ASIMO units in existence.[6]

Development

[edit]
P3 model (left) compared to ASIMO

Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO. It was the company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal (two-legged) model produced as part of the Honda E series, which was an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993.[7][8] This was followed by the Honda P series of robots produced from 1993 through 1997. The research made on the E- and P-series led to the creation of ASIMO. Development began at Honda's Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan in 1999 and ASIMO was unveiled in October 2000.[9][10] ASIMO is an acronym which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility.[11] The Japanese word Asi also stands for 'leg' and Mo for 'mobility'. ASIMO is pronounced as 'ashimo' and means 'also legs'.

In 2018, Honda ceased the commercial development of ASIMO, although it will continue to be developed as a research platform and make public appearances.[12]

Form

[edit]

ASIMO stands 130 cm (4 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 54 kg (119 lb). Research conducted by Honda found that the ideal height for a mobility assistant robot was between 120 cm and the height of an average adult, which is conducive to operating door knobs and light switches.[7][13] ASIMO is powered by a rechargeable 51.8 V lithium-ion battery with an operating time of one hour. Switching from a nickel–metal hydride battery in 2004 increased the amount of time ASIMO can operate before recharging.[14] ASIMO has a three-dimensional computer processor that was created by Honda and consists of a three stacked die, a processor, a signal converter and memory.[15] The computer that controls ASIMO's movement is housed in the robot's waist area and can be controlled by a PC, wireless controller, or voice commands.[16]

Abilities

[edit]

ASIMO has the ability to recognize moving objects, postures, gestures, its surrounding environment, sounds and faces, which enables it to interact with humans. The robot can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and also determine distance and direction. This feature allows ASIMO to follow or face a person when approached.[7] The robot interprets voice commands and human gestures, enabling it to recognize when a handshake is offered or when a person waves or points, and then respond accordingly.[16] ASIMO's ability to distinguish between voices and other sounds allows it to identify its companions. ASIMO is able to respond to its name and recognizes sounds associated with a falling object or collision. This allows the robot to face a person when spoken to or look towards a sound. ASIMO responds to questions by nodding or providing a verbal answer in different languages and can recognize approximately 10 different faces and address them by name.[16]

There are sensors that assist in autonomous navigation. The two cameras inside the head are used as a visual sensor to detect obstacles. The lower portion of the torso has ground sensor which comprises one laser sensor and one infrared sensor. The laser sensor is used to detect ground surface. The infrared sensor with automatic shutter adjustment based on brightness is used to detect pairs of floor markings to confirm the navigable paths of the planned map. The pre-loaded map and the detection of floor markings help the robot to precisely identify its present location and continuously adjust its position. There are front and rear ultrasonic sensors to sense the obstacles. The front sensor is located at the lower portion of the torso together with the ground sensor. The rear sensor is located at the bottom of the backpack.[17]

  • ASIMO environment identifying sensors which include visual, ground, and ultrasonic sensors
    ASIMO environment identifying sensors which include visual, ground, and ultrasonic sensors
  • Two cameras inside the black visor of ASIMO
    Two cameras inside the black visor of ASIMO
  • Pairs of black markings are used to provide targets for its autonomous navigation.
    Pairs of black markings are used to provide targets for its autonomous navigation.
  • The ground and front ultrasonic sensors are located at the bottom part of the torso.
    The ground and front ultrasonic sensors are located at the bottom part of the torso.
  • ASIMO autonomous navigation through a couple of targets
  • The sole of the left foot, which is part of the Floor Reaction Control, is shown.
    The sole of the left foot, which is part of the Floor Reaction Control, is shown.
  • Rear view of ASIMO
    Rear view of ASIMO

Impact and technologies

[edit]

Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist.[18]

In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the iPhone and Android smartphones called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by virtually walking the robot through the steps of a race and then sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook.[19]

Specifications

[edit]
Specifications[20][21][22][23][24]
Model 2000, 2001, 2002 2004 2005, 2007 2011[25][26]
Mass 54 kilograms (119 lb) 48 kilograms (106 lb)[27]
Height 120 centimetres (47 in)[20] 130 centimetres (51 in)
Width 45 centimetres (18 in)
Depth 44 centimetres (17 in) 37 centimetres (15 in) 34 centimetres (13 in)
Walking speed 1.6 kilometres per hour (0.99 mph) 2.5 kilometres per hour (1.6 mph) 2.7 kilometres per hour (1.7 mph)
Running speed — 3 kilometres per hour (1.9 mph) 6 kilometres per hour (3.7 mph) (straight)
5 kilometres per hour (3.1 mph) (circling) 		9 kilometres per hour (5.6 mph)
Airborne time
(Running motion) 		— 0.05 seconds 0.08 seconds
Battery Nickel–metal hydride
38.4 V, 10 Ah, 7.7 kilograms (17 lb)
4 hours to fully charge 		Lithium ion
51.8 V, 6 kilograms (13 lb)
3 hours to fully charge
Continuous operating time 30 minutes 40 mins to 1 hour (walking) 1 hour (running/walking)
Degrees of Freedom 26
(head: 2, arm: 5×2, hand: 1×2, leg: 6×2) 		34[28]
(head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 2×2, torso: 1, leg: 6×2) 		57[26][29][30]
(head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 13×2, torso: 2, leg: 6×2)
Languages English & Japanese[31]
Images

Public appearances

[edit]
Conducting an orchestra
Dancing in Disneyland
Original ASIMO

Since ASIMO was introduced in 2000, the robot has traveled around the world and performed in front of international audiences. ASIMO made its first public appearance in the U.S. in 2002 when it rang the bell to open trade sessions for the New York Stock Exchange.[32] From January 2003 to March 2005, the robot toured the U.S. and Canada, demonstrating its abilities for more than 130,000 people.[33] From 2003 to 2004, ASIMO was part of the North American educational tour, where it visited top science and technology museums and academic institutions throughout North America.[34] The goal of the tour was to encourage students to study science through a live show that highlighted ASIMO's abilities. Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across the US as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers.[35] In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame.[36] In March 2005, the robot walked the red carpet at the world premiere of the animated film, Robots.[37] In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say 'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at Disneyland's Innoventions attraction, which was a part of the Tomorrowland area of the park.[38] This was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015.[39]

The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2003 for private demonstrations at the Science Museum in London.[40] ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain,[41] the United Arab Emirates,[42] Russia,[43] South Africa[44] and Australia.[45] In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during a visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine.[46]

In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together. The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.[47]

In 2008, ASIMO conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in a performance of "The Impossible Dream" to bring attention to its partnership with the Orchestra and support the performing arts in Detroit.[48] A 49-foot replica of ASIMO made with natural materials, such as lettuce seed, rice and carnations led the 120th Rose Parade in celebration of Honda's 50th year of operation in the US.[49] Later that year, the robot made an appearance in Italy at the Genoa Science Festival.[50]

In January 2010, Honda debuted its "Living With Robots" documentary at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah.[51] The film focuses on the experience of human interaction with robots like ASIMO.[52] ASIMO attended the Ars Electronica festival in Linz, Austria in September 2010, which allowed Honda to study the results of human and robot interaction and use the results to guide development of future versions of the robot.[53] In April 2011, ASIMO was demonstrated at the FIRST Championship in St. Louis, Missouri, US to encourage students to pursue studies in math, science and engineering,[54] and in November 2011 ASIMO was one of the star attractions at the first Abu Dhabi Science Festival.[55]

ASIMO visited the Ontario Science Center in Toronto in May 2011 and demonstrated its abilities to Canadian students. The robot later traveled to Ottawa for the unveiling of an exhibit at the Canadian Museum of Civilization 19 May through 22 May 2011.[56]

ASIMO appeared as a guest on the British quiz show QI on 2 December 2011. After serving water to host Stephen Fry and dancing with comedian Jo Brand, ASIMO won with 32 points.

ASIMO was also the inspiration behind 2012's film Robot & Frank, where a robot assists an aging man to commit his last job as a 'cat burglar'. The robot in the film, portrayed by an actor in costume, has the appearance of an ASIMO robot.

In April 2014, the robot was introduced to President Obama at the Miraikan science museum in Tokyo.[57]

On 24 March 2017, Honda revealed ASIMO in Disneyland's Autopia attraction.

Failures

[edit]

On multiple occasions, audience members at public showcasings of ASIMO have filmed the robot acting incorrectly and falling down stairs.[58] These videos have been uploaded on YouTube, and some have become viral for their comedic nature.[59][60][61]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "ASIMO by Honda | The World's Most Advanced Humanoid Robot". asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  2. ^ Kupperberg, Paul (2007). Careers in robotics. New York: Rosen Pub. p. 8. ISBN 978-1404209565.
  3. ^ "Honda's Asimo robot retires after 20-year career wowing public".
  4. ^ "Honda's humanoid robot Asimo bids farewell | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News". NHK WORLD. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  5. ^ "Say Hello To Asimo". Forbes. 2002.
  6. ^ Kevin Warwick (25 February 2009). "Today it's a cute friend. Tomorrow it could be the dominant life form". Times of London.[dead link‍]
  7. ^ a b c Ford, Jason (22 November 2000). "Two legs good". The Engineer. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  8. ^ Hanlon, Mike. "Twenty years in the making – ASIMO the humanoid robot". Gizmag. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  9. ^ Hudson, Paul (31 October 2011). "Honda's ASIMO robot is 10 years old". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  10. ^ "Inside ASIMO". A.I. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  11. ^ Eaton, Malachy (2 February 2015). Evolutionary humanoid robotics. Heidelberg [Germany]: Springer. p. 40. ISBN 9783662445990. OCLC 902724634.
  12. ^ "Honda's Robotics Research Efforts". ASIMO by Honda. 2 July 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  13. ^ Jha, Alok (17 February 2004). "Meet the home help of the future". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  14. ^ Honda. "The Honda ASIMO Robot". Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  15. ^ Hiratsuka, Mark (30 January 2008). "Honda Creates 3D CPU". Digital World Tokyo. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  16. ^ a b c Obringer, Lee Ann & Strickland, Jonathan (11 April 2007). "Honda ASIMO Robot". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  17. ^ ASIMO Technical Information (PDF). Honda Motor Co., Ltd. September 2007. p. 28.
  18. ^ Ngo, Dong (14 April 2009). "Honda walking-assist gear steps on U.S. .soil". CNET. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  19. ^ Hudson, Paul (31 October 2010). "Honda's Asimo robot is 10 years old". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  20. ^ a b Honda Worldwide | 15 December 2004 "Honda Reveals Technologies Next-Generation ASIMO" Archived 30 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Honda Worldwide (15 December 2004). Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  21. ^ Honda Worldwide | ASIMO | Next-Generation. Honda Worldwide (15 December 2004). Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  22. ^ Honda Worldwide | World News | News Releases | 20 November 2000 Archived 14 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Honda Worldwide (20 November 2000). Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  23. ^ Honda Worldwide | ASIMO. World.honda.com. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  24. ^ American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (20 December 2006). "ASIMO | Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  25. ^ "Honda Unveils All-new ASIMO with Significant Advancements "Honda Robotics" established as new collective name to represent Honda robotics research and all product applications". Honda Worldwide site. 8 November 2011. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  26. ^ a b 基本仕様 (in Japanese). Honda Worldwide site. November 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  27. ^ jornyak, Tim (8 November 2011). "Asimo does bottles, lovey-dovey hand gestures". CNET. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  28. ^ ASIMO's Specifications. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  29. ^ ASIMO's Archived 28 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  30. ^ ASIMO Specifications | ASIMO Innovations by Honda. Asimo.honda.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  31. ^ "Latest Version of ASIMO Makes North American Debut in New York". Honda. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  32. ^ Hesseldahl, Arik (21 February 2002). "Say Hello to Asi". Forbes. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  33. ^ Ulanoff, Lance (28 January 2003). "ASIMO Robot to Tour U.S.A." PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  34. ^ Haggs (26 February 2005). "ASIMO Tours North America". Absolute Insight. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  35. ^ Spice, Byron (2 May 2003). "Robot of future harkens back to the past". Post Gazette. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  36. ^ "2004 Inductees". The Robot Hall of Fame. Carnegie Mellon. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  37. ^ Carroll, Larry (21 March 2005). "Halle Berry, Amanda Bynes, Robin Williams Roll Out for 'Robots' Premiere Ewan McGregor, Harland Williams, real robot also turn out". MTV. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  38. ^ "Mickey Welcomes ASIMO to Disneyland's 50th Anniversary". Physorg. 2 June 2005. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  39. ^ White, Charlie (29 August 2007). "Honda ASIMO to Return to Disneyland". Gizmodo. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  40. ^ Pease, Roland (16 February 2004). "Honda's humanoid robot hits UK". BBC News. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  41. ^ "ASIMO Welcomes the King of Spain". Honda Europe Newsroom Archives. 26 May 2004. Archived from the original (News Release) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  42. ^ "Dubai Motor Show 2005" (Video). AVT Khyber TV News. Dubai, UAE. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  43. ^ "New ASIMO makes Russian Debut at Moscow International Motor Show" (News Release). Moscow, Russia: Honda Motor Co. Newsroom Archives. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  44. ^ Venter, Irma (31 August 2011). "Asimo humanoid robot to show off some new skills at Joburg Motor Show". Engineering News. South Africa. Retrieved 14 September 2011. An earlier generation of the Asimo robot visited South Africa for the first time at the Auto Africa motor show in 2006.
  45. ^ Amalfi, Carmelo (29 September 2006). "World's most advanced robot visits Perth Royal Show". Western Australia Science Network. Retrieved 14 September 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
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  48. ^ Van Buskirk, Eliot (23 April 2008). "Honda Robot Will Conduct Detroit Symphony". Wired. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
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  61. ^ KPJ773 (1 December 2007). "oops Asimo screws up". YouTube. Retrieved 15 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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