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{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| name = ''Ophryacus melanurus''
| image =
| image = Mixcoatlus melanurus.JPG
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| status = EN
| status = EN
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Canseco-Márquez, L. | author2 = Campbell, J.A. | author3 = Ponce-Campos, P. | author4 = Muñoz-Alonso, A. | author5 = García Aguayo, A. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Mixcoatlus melanurus'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2007 | page = e.T64340A12772134 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2007 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/64340/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64340A12772134.en | access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>
| trend = down
⚫
| taxon = Mixcoatlus melanurus
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]], 1924)
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Trimeresurus melanurus'' <br /><small>L. Müller, 1924</small>
| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]
* ''Bothrops melanura'' <small>&ndash; [[:fr:Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral|Amaral]], 1930</small>
| classis = [[Reptilia]]
⚫
* ''Trimeresurus garciai'' <br /><small>[[Hobart Muir Smith|H.M. Smith]], 1940</small>
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
⚫
* ''Trimeresurus garciae'' <small>&ndash; [[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1944</small>
| subordo = [[Serpentes]]
⚫
* ''Bothrops melanurus'' <br /><small>&ndash; [[:fr:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & Romano-Hoge, 1981</small>
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
⚫
* ''Porthidium melanurum'' <br /><small>&ndash; Campbell & Lamar, 1989</small>
| subfamilia = [[Crotalinae]]
* ''Ophryacus melanurus'' <br /><small>&ndash; Gutberlet, 1998</small>
| genus = ''[[Ophryacus]]''
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
| species = '''''O. melanurus'''''
| binomial = ''Ophryacus melanurus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Fritz Müller (doctor)|Müller]], 1924)
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Trimeresurus melanurus'' - Müller, 1924
* ''Bothrops melanura'' - Amaral, 1930
⚫
* ''Trimeresurus garciai'' - H.M. Smith, 1940
⚫
* ''Trimeresurus garciae'' - Taylor, 1944
⚫
* ''Bothrops melanurus'' - Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
⚫
* ''Porthidium melanurum'' - Campbell & Lamar, 1989
⚫
* ''Ophryacus melanurus'' - Gutberlet, 1998<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}
}}


:'''''Common names:''' black-tailed horned pitviper.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.</ref>''
:'''''Common names:''' black-tailed horned pit viper.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.</ref>''

'''''Ophryacus melanurus''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pitviper]] [[species]] found in the mountains of southern [[Mexico]]. No [[subspecies]] are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=586175 |taxon=''Ophryacus melanurus'' |accessdate=27 July 2008}}</ref>
'''''Mixcoatlus melanurus''''' is a [[Crotalinae|pit viper]] [[species]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the mountains of southern [[Mexico]]. No [[subspecies]] are currently recognized.<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Mixcoatlus|species=melanurus|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=586175 |taxon=''Ophryacus melanurus'' |accessdate=27 July 2008}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Adults grow to between 37.5 and 50 cm in length and have a moderately stout build.<ref name="C&L04"/>
Adults grow to between {{convert|37.5|and|50|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=off}} in length and have a moderately stout build.<ref name="C&L04"/> In Mexico, it is called a ''necazcoatl'', from the [[Nahuatl|Nahualt]] words ''necaztli'' and ''coatl'' which means "eared-serpent" referring to its "horns".


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
Found in the mountains of southern [[Mexico]] (southern [[Puebla]] and [[Oaxaca]] at elevations of 1600-2400&nbsp;m). The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is "Mexico."<ref name="McD99"/>
It is found in two Mexican states, southern [[Puebla]] and [[Oaxaca]], at elevations of {{convert|1600|–|2400|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is "Mexico".<ref name="McD99"/>


==Conservation status==
==Conservation status==
This species is classified as Endangered (EN) on the [[World Conservation Union|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List|Red List of Threatened Species]] with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001).<ref name="IUCN">{{Redlist species|no=64340|genus=Ophryacus|species=melanurus|date=27 July|year=2008}}</ref> A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the geographic range, in the form of extent of occurrence, is estimated to be less than 5,000 km², that estimates indicate it to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 5 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. It is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In 2007 when it was last assessed, the population trend was down.<ref name="IUCN-31">{{Redlist CC2001|date=27 July|year=2008}}</ref>
This species is classified as Endangered (EN) on the [[World Conservation Union|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List|Red List of Threatened Species]] with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001).<ref name=IUCN/> A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the geographic range, in the form of extent of occurrence, is estimated to be less than {{convert|5,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, that estimates indicate it to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 5 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. It is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In 2007 when it was last assessed, the population trend was down.<ref name="IUCN-31">{{Redlist CC2001|date=27 July|year=2008}}</ref>


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
Terrestrial.<ref name="C&L04"/>
Terrestrial.<ref name="C&L04"/>

==See also==
* [[List of crotaline species and subspecies]]
* {{c|Crotalinae by common name}}
* {{c|Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms}}
* [[Snakebite]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Lorenz Müller|Müller, L.]] 1924. ''Ueber neue oder seltene mittel- und südamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien''. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin <br />11 (1): 75-93. (''Trimeresurus melanurus'', p.&nbsp;92.)


==External links==
==External links==
* {{NRDB species|genus=Ophryacus|species=melanurus|date=27 July|year=2008}}
* {{NRDB species|genus=Ophryacus|species=melanurus|date=27 July|year=2008}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3015289}}
{{Snake-stub}}


[[Category:Crotalinae]]
[[Category:Crotalinae]]
[[Category:Snakes of North America]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of Mexico]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1924]]

Latest revision as of 16:30, 14 October 2024

Mixcoatlus melanurus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Mixcoatlus
Species:
M. melanurus
Binomial name
Mixcoatlus melanurus
(L. Müller, 1924)
Synonyms[2]
  • Trimeresurus melanurus
    L. Müller, 1924
  • Bothrops melanura – Amaral, 1930
  • Trimeresurus garciai
    H.M. Smith, 1940
  • Trimeresurus garciae – Taylor, 1944
  • Bothrops melanurus
    – Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
  • Porthidium melanurum
    – Campbell & Lamar, 1989
  • Ophryacus melanurus
    – Gutberlet, 1998
Common names: black-tailed horned pit viper.[3]

Mixcoatlus melanurus is a pit viper species endemic to the mountains of southern Mexico. No subspecies are currently recognized.[4][5]

Description

[edit]

Adults grow to between 37.5 and 50 centimetres (14+3⁄4 and 19+5⁄8 inches) in length and have a moderately stout build.[3] In Mexico, it is called a necazcoatl, from the Nahualt words necaztli and coatl which means "eared-serpent" referring to its "horns".

Geographic range

[edit]

It is found in two Mexican states, southern Puebla and Oaxaca, at elevations of 1,600–2,400 m (5,200–7,900 ft). The type locality given is "Mexico".[2]

Conservation status

[edit]

This species is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001).[1] A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the geographic range, in the form of extent of occurrence, is estimated to be less than 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi), that estimates indicate it to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 5 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat. It is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In 2007 when it was last assessed, the population trend was down.[6]

Behavior

[edit]

Terrestrial.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Canseco-Márquez, L.; Campbell, J.A.; Ponce-Campos, P.; Muñoz-Alonso, A. & García Aguayo, A. (2007). "Mixcoatlus melanurus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007. IUCN: e.T64340A12772134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64340A12772134.en. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  3. ^ a b c Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
  4. ^ Mixcoatlus melanurus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Ophryacus melanurus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
  6. ^ 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1) at the IUCN Red List. Accessed 27 July 2008.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Müller, L. 1924. Ueber neue oder seltene mittel- und südamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin
    11 (1): 75-93. (Trimeresurus melanurus, p. 92.)
[edit]
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