Ditanyè: Difference between revisions

Ditanyè
	National anthem of Burkina Faso
Also known as	L'Hymne de la victoire (English: The Anthem of Victory); Une Seule Nuit (English: One Single Night)
Lyrics	Thomas Sankara
Music	Thomas Sankara(?)
Adopted	2 August 1984
Preceded by	Hymne National Voltaïque
Audio sample
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"Ditanyè"^[1] (usually written "Le Ditanyè"^[2]^[3]^[4]), also known as "L'Hymne de la victoire"^[2] ("The Anthem of Victory", Mossi: "Burkina Faso fãag-m-meng yɩɩlle";^[5]^[6]) or "Une Seule Nuit" ("One Single Night"^[7]), is the national anthem of Burkina Faso. Former president Thomas Sankara, also a jazz guitarist, wrote the lyrics.^[7] The composer of the melody is unknown, but it has also been attributed to Sankara.^[4]

It was adopted during his presidency in a decree issued on 2 August 1984, effective midnight on 4 August 1984, the first anniversary of Sankara's accession to the presidency. The decree also renamed the country from Upper Volta to its current name. The anthem replaced the "Hymne National Voltaïque", the national anthem of Upper Volta.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Lyrics

The first verse and chorus are considered to be the official lyrics, and are performed at most official occasions.

French lyrics^[8]	Mossi lyrics^[6]^[9]^[10]	English translation^[11]
I Contre la férule humiliante il y a déjà mille ans, La rapacité venue de loin les asservir il y a cent ans. Contre la cynique malice métamorphosée En néocolonialisme et ses petits servants locaux Beaucoup flanchèrent et certains résistèrent. Mais les échecs, les succès, la sueur, le sang Ont fortifié notre peuple courageux Et fertilisé sa lutte héroïque. Refrain: Et une seule nuit a rassemblée en elle L'histoire de tout un peuple. Et une seule nuit a déclenché sa marche triomphale Vers l'horizon du bonheur. Une seule nuit a réconcilié notre peuple Avec tous les peuples du monde, A la conquête de la liberté et du progrès La Patrie ou la mort, nous vaincrons! II Nourris à la source vive de la Révolution. Les engagés volontaires de la liberté et de la paix Dans l'énergie nocturne et salutaire du 4 août N'avaient pas que les armes à la main, mais aussi et surtout La flamme au coeur pour légitimement libérer Le Faso à jamais des fers de tous ceux qui Çà et, là en poluaient l'âme sacrée de L'indépendance, de la souveraineté. Refrain III Et séant désormais en sa dignité recouvrée L'amour et l'honneur en partage avec l'humanité, Le peuple du Burkina chante un hymne à la victoire, A la gloire du travail libérateur, émancipateur. A bas l'exploitation de l'homme par l'homme! Hé en avant pour le bonheur de tout homme, Par tous les hommes aujourd'hui et demain, Par tous les hommes ici et pour toujours! Refrain IV Révolution populaire notre sève nourricière. Maternité immortelle du progrès à visage d'homme. Foyer éternel de démocratie consensuelle, Où enfin l'identité nationale a droit de cité, Où pour toujours l'injustice perd ses quartiers, Et où, des mains des bâtisseurs d'un monde radieux Mûrissent partout les moissons de vœux patriotiques, Brillent les soleils infinis de joie. Refrain	I Burkĩmbã pĩnd n kisga wõrbo la yãnde hal yʋʋm tusri B kisga fãadbã sẽn yi yɩɩga hal yʋʋm koabga, n wa ne yembdo, B tõdga sɩlem-wɛɛgã sẽn toeeme, n lebg yaoolem yembdo B kisga sɩlem-wɛɛgã yembdooh ne a tẽng-n-tɛɛndbã fãa gilli. Wʋsg n bas raoodo, la kẽer me sɩd zãgsame, La pãn-kongrã, la tõogrã, la tʋʋlgã kaagre, Zɩɩmã raagre kenga d nin-buiidã pelse La b paasa b raoodo n leb n zẽk b burkĩndi. Reesgo I: La yʋng a ye tãa, a ye tãa, Kʋmba nin-buiidã vɩɩm kibare, La yʋng a ye tãa bal pʋgẽ waa, tɩlgre sor pakame Tɩ b rɩk n babsd vɩ-noogo, Yʋng a ye lagma tõnd nin-buiidã Ne nin-buiidã sẽn be dũni wã fãa pʋgẽ N baood tɩlgre la paoongo, ne b sũurã fãa Kall tɩ d tõoge, ba d na n ki d tẽng yĩnga!	I Against the humiliating bondage of a thousand years Rapacity came from afar to subjugate them for a hundred years. Against the cynical malice in the shape Of neo-colonialism and its petty local servants. Many gave in and certain others resisted. But the frustrations, the successes, the sweat, the blood Have fortified our courageous people And fertilised its heroic struggle. Chorus: And one single night has drawn together The history of an entire people, And one single night has launched its triumphal march. Towards the horizon of good fortune. One single night has brought together our people With all the peoples of the World, In the acquisition of liberty and progress. Motherland or death, we shall conquer! II Nourished in the lively source of the Revolution, The volunteers for liberty and peace With their nocturnal and beneficial energies of the 4th of August Had not only hand arms, but also and above all The flame in their hearts lawfully to free Faso forever from the fetters of those who Here and there were polluting the sacred soul of Independence and sovereignty. Chorus III And seated henceforth in rediscovered dignity, Love and honour partnered with humanity, The people of Burkina sing a victory hymn To the glory of the work of liberation and emancipation. Down with exploitation of man by man! Forward for the good of every man By all men of today and tomorrow, By every man here and always! Chorus IV Popular revolution our nourishing sap. Undying motherhood of progress in the face of man. Eternal hearth of agreed democracy, Where at last national identity has the right of freedom. Where injustice has lost its place forever, And where from the hands of builders of a glorious world Everywhere the harvests of patriotic vows ripen, Suns of boundless joy shine. Chorus

References

^ ^a ^b "Le 4 août 1984, Thomas Sankara rebaptisait la Haute-Volta en Burkina Faso". L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24 (in French). 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Thomas Sankara". Présidence du Faso (in French). Retrieved 2022-01-06.
^ ^a ^b Sawadogo, Alfred Yambangba (2001). Le Président Thomas Sankara: chef de la Révolution Burkinabé : 1983-1987 : portrait (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 277. ISBN 978-2-7475-0588-8.
^ ^a ^b "Complete National Anthems of the World: 2013 Edition" (PDF). www.eclassical.com. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-15.
^ "index français - mooré - Webonary" (PDF). www.webonary.org. 2021-01-13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
^ ^a ^b Burkina Faso Ma Fierté (2018-06-09). "L'hymne national traduit en mooré". Facebook. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
^ ^a ^b Khumalo, Sihle (2013-09-01). Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu. Penguin Random House South Africa. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4152-0566-2.
^ Englebert, Pierre (1986). La révolution burkinabè (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. 255–256. ISBN 978-2-85802-756-9.
^ Kaberic (2020-08-04). "#Tĕnga yīnga #kaberic #BurkinaFaso #Intègre #Musique live #hymneNational #Ditanyè". YouTube. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
^ Moose TV (2020-12-15). "L'hymne nationale du Burkina Faso en mooré _Pam Luster". YouTube. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
^ "Burkina Faso – nationalanthems.info". Retrieved 2022-04-17.

External links

Burkina Faso: Une Seule Nuit - Audio of the national anthem of Burkina Faso, with information and lyrics (archive link)

[:1-1] "Le 4 août 1984, Thomas Sankara rebaptisait la Haute-Volta en Burkina Faso". L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24 (in French). 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2022-01-06.

[:2-2] "Thomas Sankara". Présidence du Faso (in French). Retrieved 2022-01-06.

[:4-3] Sawadogo, Alfred Yambangba (2001). Le Président Thomas Sankara: chef de la Révolution Burkinabé : 1983-1987 : portrait (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 277. ISBN 978-2-7475-0588-8.

[:3-4] "Complete National Anthems of the World: 2013 Edition" (PDF). www.eclassical.com. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-15.

[5] "index français - mooré - Webonary" (PDF). www.webonary.org. 2021-01-13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2022-01-05.

[Ma_Fierté-6] Burkina Faso Ma Fierté (2018-06-09). "L'hymne national traduit en mooré". Facebook. Retrieved 2022-01-05.

[:0-7] Khumalo, Sihle (2013-09-01). Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu. Penguin Random House South Africa. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4152-0566-2.

[8] Englebert, Pierre (1986). La révolution burkinabè (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. 255–256. ISBN 978-2-85802-756-9.

[9] Kaberic (2020-08-04). "#Tĕnga yīnga #kaberic #BurkinaFaso #Intègre #Musique live #hymneNational #Ditanyè". YouTube. Retrieved 2022-01-05.

[10] Moose TV (2020-12-15). "L'hymne nationale du Burkina Faso en mooré _Pam Luster". YouTube. Retrieved 2022-01-05.

[11] "Burkina Faso – nationalanthems.info". Retrieved 2022-04-17.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | title         = Ditanyè
 | english_title =
-| alt_title     = L'Hymne de la victoire
+| alt_title     = {{lang|fr|italic=no|L'Hymne de la victoire}}
 | en_alt_title  = The Anthem of Victory
-| alt_title_2   = Une Seule Nuit
+| alt_title_2   = {{lang|fr|italic=no|Une Seule Nuit}}
 | en_alt_title_2 = One Single Night
 | image         =
 | image_size    =
-| caption       =
+| caption       = [[Coat of arms of Burkina Faso]]
 | prefix        = National
 | country       = {{BFA}}
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 | until         =
 | predecessor   = [[Hymne National Voltaïque]]
-| sound         = Hymne National du Burkina Faso.ogg
+| sound         = National anthem of Burkina Faso.oga
-| sound_title   = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental version
+| sound_title   =
 }}
-'''Ditanyè'''<ref name=":1" /> (usually written '''Le Ditanyè''';<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thomas Sankara|url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/thomas-sankara/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Présidence du Faso|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> also known as '''L'Hymne de la victoire''',<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thomas Sankara|url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/thomas-sankara/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Présidence du Faso|language=fr-FR}}</ref> "The Anthem of Victory", {{lang-mos|Burkina Faso fãag-m-meng yɩɩlle}};<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=index français - mooré - Webonary|url=https://www.webonary.org/moore/files/index-francais-moore.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-05|website=www.webonary.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225110848/https://www.webonary.org/moore/files/index-francais-moore.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-25 }}</ref><ref name="Ma Fierté">{{Cite web|last=Burkina Faso Ma Fierté|url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=672342609763939|title=L'hymne national traduit en mooré.|date=2018-06-09|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Facebook}}</ref> or '''Une Seule Nuit''', "One Single Night"<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Khumalo|first=Sihle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgdbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT200|title=Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-4152-0566-2|pages=200|language=en}}</ref>) is the [[national anthem]] of [[Burkina Faso]]. Former [[List of heads of state of Burkina Faso|president]] [[Thomas Sankara]], also a jazz guitarist, wrote the lyrics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Khumalo|first=Sihle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgdbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT200|title=Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-4152-0566-2|pages=200|language=en}}</ref> The composer of the melody is unknown, but it has also been attributed to Sankara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Complete National Anthems of the World: 2013 Edition|url=https://www.eclassical.com/shop/17115/art76/4800276-83a3be-636943100110.pdf|url-status=live|website=www.eclassical.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915021153/http://www.eclassical.com/shop/17115/art76/4800276-83a3be-636943100110.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-15 }}</ref>
+"'''Ditanyè'''"<ref name=":1" /> (usually written "'''{{lang|fr|italic=no|Le Ditanyè}}'''"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thomas Sankara|url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/thomas-sankara/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Présidence du Faso|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />), also known as "'''{{lang|fr|italic=no|L'Hymne de la victoire}}'''"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thomas Sankara|url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/thomas-sankara/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Présidence du Faso|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ("The Anthem of Victory", {{langx|mos|"Burkina Faso fãag-m-meng yɩɩlle"}};<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=index français - mooré - Webonary|url=https://www.webonary.org/moore/files/index-francais-moore.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-05|website=www.webonary.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225110848/https://www.webonary.org/moore/files/index-francais-moore.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-25 }}</ref><ref name="Ma Fierté">{{Cite web|last=Burkina Faso Ma Fierté|url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=672342609763939|title=L'hymne national traduit en mooré.|date=2018-06-09|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Facebook}}</ref>) or "'''{{lang|fr|italic=no|Une Seule Nuit}}'''" ("One Single Night"<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Khumalo|first=Sihle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgdbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT200|title=Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-4152-0566-2|pages=200|language=en}}</ref>), is the [[national anthem]] of [[Burkina Faso]]. Former [[List of heads of state of Burkina Faso|president]] [[Thomas Sankara]], also a jazz guitarist, wrote the lyrics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Khumalo|first=Sihle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgdbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT200|title=Almost Sleeping my way to Timbuktu|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-4152-0566-2|pages=200|language=en}}</ref> The composer of the melody is unknown, but it has also been attributed to Sankara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Complete National Anthems of the World: 2013 Edition|url=https://www.eclassical.com/shop/17115/art76/4800276-83a3be-636943100110.pdf|url-status=live|website=www.eclassical.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915021153/http://www.eclassical.com/shop/17115/art76/4800276-83a3be-636943100110.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-15 }}</ref>
 It was adopted during his presidency in a decree issued on 2 August 1984, effective midnight on 4 August 1984, the first anniversary of Sankara's accession to the presidency. The decree also renamed the country from [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] to its current name. The anthem replaced the "[[Hymne National Voltaïque]]", the national anthem of Upper Volta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-04|title=Le 4 août 1984, Thomas Sankara rebaptisait la Haute-Volta en Burkina Faso|url=https://www.burkina24.com/2021/08/04/le-4-aout-1984-thomas-sankara-rebaptisait-la-haute-volta-en-burkina-faso/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thomas Sankara|url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/thomas-sankara/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Présidence du Faso|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Sawadogo|first=Alfred Yambangba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxF1AAAAMAAJ|title=Le Président Thomas Sankara: chef de la Révolution Burkinabé : 1983-1987 : portrait|date=2001|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-7475-0588-8|pages=277|language=fr}}</ref>
 == Lyrics ==
+The first verse and chorus are considered to be the official lyrics, and are performed at most official occasions.
-{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
+{| class="wikitable"
-|-
 !French lyrics<ref>{{Cite book|last=Englebert|first=Pierre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O80hAAAAMAAJ|title=La révolution burkinabè|date=1986|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-85802-756-9|language=fr|pages=255–256}}</ref>
 ![[Mossi language|Mossi]] lyrics<ref name="Ma Fierté" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaberic|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSDP7XkZ1cY|title=#Tĕnga yīnga #kaberic #BurkinaFaso #Intègre #Musique live #hymneNational #Ditanyè|date=2020-08-04|access-date=2022-01-05|website=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Moose TV|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUd1oJgRRnI|title=L'hymne nationale du Burkina Faso en mooré _Pam Luster|date=2020-12-15|access-date=2022-01-05|website=YouTube}}</ref>
+!English translation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso – nationalanthems.info |url=https://nationalanthems.info/bf.htm |access-date=2022-04-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
-!English translation
 |- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
 |<poem>{{lang|fr|italic=no|'''I'''
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 Et fertilisé sa lutte héroïque.
-{{small|'''Refrain I:'''}}
+{{small|'''Refrain:'''}}
 Et une seule nuit a rassemblée en elle
 L'histoire de tout un peuple.
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 L'indépendance, de la souveraineté.
-{{small|'''Refrain II:'''}}
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Refrain'''}}}}}}
+'''III'''
 Et séant désormais en sa dignité recouvrée
 L'amour et l'honneur en partage avec l'humanité,
@@ Line 74: / Line 76: @@
 Par tous les hommes ici et pour toujours!
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Refrain'''}}}}
-'''III'''
+'''IV'''
 Révolution populaire notre sève nourricière.
 Maternité immortelle du progrès à visage d'homme.
@@ Line 84: / Line 88: @@
 Brillent les soleils infinis de joie.
-{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Refrain I'''}}}}}}</poem>
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Refrain'''}}}}</poem>
 |<poem>{{lang|mos|italic=no|'''I'''
 Burkĩmbã pĩnd n kisga wõrbo la yãnde hal yʋʋm tusri
@@ Line 107: / Line 111: @@
 [[History of Burkina Faso|Against the humiliating bondage of a thousand years]]
 Rapacity came from afar to subjugate them for a hundred years.
-Against [[France|the cynical malice]] in the shape
+Against [[French colonial empire|the cynical malice]] in the shape
-Of [[neo-colonialism]] and its [[French Upper Volta|petty local]] [[comprador|servants]].
+Of [[neo-colonialism]] and its [[French Upper Volta|petty local]] [[Comprador|servants]].
 Many gave in and certain others resisted.
 But the frustrations, the successes, the sweat, the blood
@@ Line 114: / Line 118: @@
 And fertilised its heroic struggle.
-{{small|'''Chorus I:'''}}
+{{small|'''Chorus:'''}}
 And one single night has drawn together
 The history of an entire people,
@@ Line 134: / Line 138: @@
 Independence and sovereignty.
-{{small|'''Chorus II:'''}}
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}
+'''III'''
 And seated henceforth in rediscovered dignity,
 Love and honour partnered with humanity,
 The people of Burkina sing a victory hymn
 To the glory of the work of liberation and emancipation.
-Down with [[capitalism|exploitation of man by man]]!
+Down with [[Capitalism|exploitation of man by man]]!
 Forward for the good of every man
 By all men of today and tomorrow,
 By every man here and always!
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}
-'''III'''
+'''IV'''
 Popular revolution our nourishing sap.
 Undying motherhood of progress in the face of man.
@@ Line 154: / Line 162: @@
 Suns of boundless joy shine.
-{{small|'''''Chorus I'''''}}</poem>
+{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}</poem>
 |}
@@ Line 161: / Line 169: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://nationalanthems.me/burkina-faso-une-seule-nuit/ Burkina Faso: ''Une Seule Nuit'' - Audio of the national anthem of Burkina Faso, with information and lyrics]
+*[http://nationalanthems.me/burkina-faso-une-seule-nuit/ Burkina Faso: ''Une Seule Nuit'' - Audio of the national anthem of Burkina Faso, with information and lyrics] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180209020642/http://nationalanthems.me/burkina-faso-une-seule-nuit/ archive link])
 {{Nationalanthemsofafrica}}
@@ Line 168: / Line 176: @@
 [[Category:National symbols of Burkina Faso]]
 [[Category:National anthems]]
-[[Category:Burkinabé music]]
+[[Category:Music of Burkina Faso]]
 [[Category:African anthems]]
 [[Category:1984 songs]]
-[[Category:National anthem compositions in F major]]
-[[Category:National anthem compositions in F-sharp major]]

v t e National and regional anthems of Africa
Current national and regional anthems	Algeria Angola Ankole Benin Botswana Buganda Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Réunion Rwanda Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland Saint Helena South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Former national and regional anthems	Bophuthatswana (1977–1994) Ciskei (1981–1994) Comoros (1975–1978) Congo Free State (1885–1908) People's Republic of the Congo (1970–1990) Biafra (1967–1970) Egypt (1871–1922, 1936–1958) Egypt (1922–1936) Egypt (1971–1979) Ethiopia (1930–1975) Ethiopia (1975–1992) Gazankulu (1973–1994) Katanga (1960–1963) Libya (1969–1972) Libya (1972–2011) Mali Federation (1960) Mauritania (1960–2017) Mozambique (1975–2002) Namibia (1990–1991) Niger (1961–2023) Nigeria (1978–2024) Orange Free State (1854–1902) Rhodesia (1974–1979) Rwanda (1962–2002) Seychelles (1976–1978) Seychelles (1978–1996) Somalia (1960–2000) Somalia (2000–2012) Somaliland South Africa (1910–1957) South Africa (1938–1997) South Africa (1994–1997) Southern Rhodesia (1979–1980) Togo (1979–1992) Transkei (1976–1994) Transvaal (1875–1877, 1881–1902, 1914–1915) Tunisia (1846–1957) Tunisia (1957–1987) United Arab Republic (1958–1971) Upper Volta (1960–1984) Venda (1979–1994) Zaire (1971–1997) Zambia (1964–1973) Zimbabwe (1980–1994)
Organisations	African Union East African Community
Italics denotes unrecognized, partially-recognized, or non-sovereign entities.