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A '''deputy chief of space operations''' is a senior leadership position in the [[United States Space Force]]. There are four deputy chiefs of space operations in the Space Force, staffed either by a [[Lieutenant general (United States)|lieutenant general]] or a [[Senior Executive Service (United States)|senior executive service]] personnel. They are the service's equivalent to the [[United States Army|Army]]'s and [[United States Air Force|Air Force]]'s deputy chiefs of staff, the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]' deputy commandants, and the [[United States Navy|Navy]]'s deputy chiefs of naval operations. They are part of the [[Office of the Chief of Space Operations]] and hold office at [[the Pentagon]].
A '''deputy chief of space operations''' is a senior leadership position in the [[United States Space Force]]. There are four deputy chiefs of space operations in the Space Force, staffed either by a [[Lieutenant general (United States)|lieutenant general]] or a [[Senior Executive Service (United States)|senior executive service]] personnel. They are the service's equivalent to the [[United States Army|Army]]'s and [[United States Air Force|Air Force]]'s deputy chiefs of staff, the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]' deputy commandants, and the [[United States Navy|Navy]]'s deputy chiefs of naval operations. They are part of the [[Office of the Chief of Space Operations]] and hold office at [[the Pentagon]].


The proposed organizational structure of the Space Force's headquarters was first revealed in a February 2020 congressional report, with directors instead of deputy chiefs of space operations. Intending to be "lean and agile", the service consolidated the normal nine functional areas into three directorates.<ref name=report>{{cite web|url=https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/02/Comprehensive-Plan-for-the-Organizational-Struccture-of-the-USSF_Feb-2020.pdf|title=Comprehensive Plan for the Organizational Structure of the U.S. Space Force|date=February 2020|agency=[[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]]|page=16|access-date=December 1, 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201111339/https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/02/Comprehensive-Plan-for-the-Organizational-Struccture-of-the-USSF_Feb-2020.pdf|url-status=live}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> In a June 2020 draft proposal, the position was renamed deputy chiefs of staff.<ref name=proposal>{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposes-headquarters-staff-led-by-generals-and-civilians/|title=Space Force proposes headquarters staff led by generals and civilians|date=July 7, 2020|website=[[SpaceNews]]|access-date=December 1, 2021|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621115524/https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposes-headquarters-staff-led-by-generals-and-civilians/|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 29, 2020, the first two deputy chiefs of operations were nominated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2293197/general-officer-announcements/|title=General Officer Announcements|website=U.S. Department of Defense|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201111341/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2293197/general-officer-announcements/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Space Force adopted [[C-suite]] titles in designing their senior leadership positions.<ref name=Armagno>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnSfdczi8m4|title=Fireside Chat - MG Boe Young & Lt Gen Nina Armagno|via=www.youtube.com|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201050126/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnSfdczi8m4|url-status=live}}</ref>
The proposed organizational structure of the Space Force's headquarters was first revealed in a February 2020 congressional report, with directors instead of deputy chiefs of space operations. Intending to be "lean and agile", the service consolidated the normal nine functional areas into three directorates.<ref name=report>{{cite web|url=https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/02/Comprehensive-Plan-for-the-Organizational-Struccture-of-the-USSF_Feb-2020.pdf|title=Comprehensive Plan for the Organizational Structure of the U.S. Space Force|date=February 2020|agency=[[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]]|page=16|access-date=December 1, 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201111339/https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/02/Comprehensive-Plan-for-the-Organizational-Struccture-of-the-USSF_Feb-2020.pdf|url-status=live}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> In a June 2020 draft proposal, the position was renamed deputy chiefs of staff.<ref name=proposal>{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposes-headquarters-staff-led-by-generals-and-civilians/|title=Space Force proposes headquarters staff led by generals and civilians|date=July 7, 2020|website=[[SpaceNews]]|access-date=December 1, 2021|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621115524/https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposes-headquarters-staff-led-by-generals-and-civilians/|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 29, 2020, the first two deputy chiefs of operations were nominated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2293197/general-officer-announcements/|title=General Officer Announcements|website=U.S. Department of Defense|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201111341/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2293197/general-officer-announcements/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Space Force adopted [[C-suite]] titles in designing their senior leadership positions.<ref name=Armagno>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnSfdczi8m4|title=Fireside Chat - MG Boe Young & Lt Gen Nina Armagno|date=11 November 2021 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201050126/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnSfdczi8m4|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Human Capital ==
== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Human Capital ==
<!--[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Personnel patch.png|thumb|Chief Human Capital Office patch]]-->
<!--[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Personnel patch.png|thumb|Chief Human Capital Office patch]]-->
The '''deputy chief of space operations for human capital'''{{efn|Also referred to as the '''deputy chief of space operations for personnel'''.<ref name=safety>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_se/publication/hafmd1-46/hafmd1-46.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201050128/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_se/publication/hafmd1-46/hafmd1-46.pdf |date=1 December 2021 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref>}} ('''S1''' or '''SF/CHCO''')<ref name=safety/> is the chief human capital officer of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Leadership/|title=Leadership|website=www.spaceforce.mil|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303203318/https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Leadership/|url-status=live}}</ref> The CHCO directs the Space Force's personnel management, which encompasses force structure analysis, personnel programs, civilian personnel, readiness, senior officer matters, quality force issues, equal opportunity, and family support.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf/publication/hafmd2-3/hafmd2-3.pdf</ref>
The '''deputy chief of space operations for human capital'''{{efn|Also referred to as the '''deputy chief of space operations for personnel'''.<ref name=safety>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_se/publication/hafmd1-46/hafmd1-46.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201050128/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_se/publication/hafmd1-46/hafmd1-46.pdf |date=1 December 2021 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref>}} ('''S1''' or '''SF/CHCO''')<ref name=safety/> is the chief human capital officer of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Leadership/|title=Leadership|website=www.spaceforce.mil|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303203318/https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Leadership/|url-status=live}}</ref> The CHCO directs the Space Force's personnel management, which encompasses force structure analysis, personnel programs, civilian personnel, readiness, senior officer matters, quality force issues, equal opportunity, and family support.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf/publication/hafmd2-3/hafmd2-3.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>


=== Structure ===
=== Structure ===
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': [[Katharine Kelley]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': [[Katharine Kelley]]
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Todd L. Remington<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056804/todd-l-remington/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407062516/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056804/todd-l-remington/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Todd L. Remington<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056804/todd-l-remington/ |title=TODD L. REMINGTON > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407062516/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056804/todd-l-remington/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Analysis and Systems (SF/S1A):
*** Director, Analysis and Systems (SF/S1A):
*** Director, Civilian Policy and Management (SF/S1C):
*** Director, Civilian Policy and Management (SF/S1C):
*** Director, Force Development (SF/S1D): Steve Turner Jr.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/j-steve-turner-jr/</ref>
*** Director, Force Development (SF/S1D): Steve Turner Jr.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/j-steve-turner-jr/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*** Director, Senior Leader Management (SF/S1L):
*** Director, Senior Leader Management (SF/S1L):
*** Director, Manpower (SF/S1M):
*** Director, Manpower (SF/S1M):
*** Director, Military Policy and Management (SF/S1P):
*** Director, Military Policy and Management (SF/S1P): Ruth Afiesimama
*** Director, Quality of Life & Resilience (SF/S1Q):
*** Director, Quality of Life & Resilience (SF/S1Q):
*** Director, Enterprise Talent Management (SF/ETM): Rob Romer<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-romer-6949343b/</ref>
*** Director, Enterprise Talent Management (SF/ETM): Rob Romer<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-romer-6949343b/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
** Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Jason Childers<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-childers-667827210/</ref>
** Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Abi Scott


=== List of officeholders ===
=== List of officeholders ===
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=== Structure ===
=== Structure ===
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Maj Gen [[Gregory Gagnon]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Maj Gen [[Gregory Gagnon]]
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: [[Ed Mornston]]<ref>https://www.spaceforce.mil/Biographies/Display/Article/3754850/ed-mornston/</ref>
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: [[Ed Mornston]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/Biographies/Display/Article/3754850/ed-mornston/ | title=Ed Mornston }}</ref>
*** Director, Analysis and Production (S2A):
*** Director, Analysis and Production (S2A):
*** Director, ISR Partnerships and Integration (S2I):
*** Director, ISR Partnerships and Integration (S2I):
*** Director, Warfighter Support (S2P): Col Marc D. Daniels<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/marc-daniels-8b898665/</ref>
*** Director, Warfighter Support (S2P): Col Marc D. Daniels<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/marc-daniels-8b898665/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*** Director, ISR Resources and Requirements (S2R): Col Phoenix L. Hauser<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/phoenix-hauser-3326004a/</ref>
*** Director, ISR Resources and Requirements (S2R): Col Phoenix L. Hauser<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/phoenix-hauser-3326004a/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*** Director, Space Force Cryptologic Office (S2C): Al Monteiro<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/monteiroal/</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://fedscoop.com/space-force-officially-creates-cryptologic-service-component-for-nsa/ | title=Space Force officially creates cryptologic service component for NSA | date=29 July 2022 | access-date=3 June 2023 | archive-date=3 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603084701/https://fedscoop.com/space-force-officially-creates-cryptologic-service-component-for-nsa/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Space Force Cryptologic Office (S2C): Al Monteiro<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/monteiroal/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://fedscoop.com/space-force-officially-creates-cryptologic-service-component-for-nsa/ | title=Space Force officially creates cryptologic service component for NSA | date=29 July 2022 | access-date=3 June 2023 | archive-date=3 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603084701/https://fedscoop.com/space-force-officially-creates-cryptologic-service-component-for-nsa/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Space Force GEOINT Office (S2G):
*** Director, Space Force GEOINT Office (S2G):


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== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear ==
== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear ==
[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear emblem.png|thumb|Chief Operations Office emblem]]
[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear emblem.png|thumb|Chief Operations Office emblem]]
The '''deputy chief of space operations for operations, cyber, and nuclear''' ('''S3/4/6/7/10''' or '''SF/COO''')<ref name=safety/> is the [[chief operations officer]] of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership/> The COO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's operations, intelligence, sustainment, cyber, and nuclear operations.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-5/hafmd2-5.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419025102/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-5/hafmd2-5.pdf |date=19 April 2023 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=April 2023}}</ref>
The '''deputy chief of space operations for operations, cyber, and nuclear''' ('''S3/4/6/7/10''' or '''SF/COO''')<ref name=safety/> is the [[chief operations officer]] of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership/> The COO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's operations, sustainment, cyber, and nuclear operations.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-5/hafmd2-5.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419025102/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-5/hafmd2-5.pdf |date=19 April 2023 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=April 2023}}</ref>


=== Structure ===
=== Structure ===
[[File:Office of the Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear organizational chart.jpg|thumb|Chief Operations Office organizational chart]]
[[File:Office of the Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear organizational chart.jpg|thumb|Chief Operations Office organizational chart]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Lt Gen [[DeAnna Burt]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Lt Gen [[DeAnna Burt]]
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Brig Gen [[James E. Smith (general)|James E. Smith]]
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Brig Gen [[Shay Warakomski]]
** Associate Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Bruce E. Hollywood<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3057893/bruce-e-hollywood/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceforce.mil%2FSFB%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F3057893%2Fbruce-e-hollywood%2F|title=BRUCE E. HOLLYWOOD|website=www.spaceforce.mil}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
** Associate Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Bruce E. Hollywood<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3057893/bruce-e-hollywood/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceforce.mil%2FSFB%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F3057893%2Fbruce-e-hollywood%2F|title=BRUCE E. HOLLYWOOD|website=www.spaceforce.mil}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
** Director of Staff: Christopher Terrio
** Director of Staff: Christopher Terrio
** Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Tina R. Timmerman<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/tina-timmerman-a44bb113/</ref>
** Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Amber A. Abramowski
** Senior Cyber Officer: Col [[Shay Warakomski]]
** Senior Cyber Officer: Col [[Shay Warakomski]]
*** Director, Force Assessment (COO/S3A): Col Neil Menzie
*** Director, Force Assessment (COO/S3A): Col Neil Menzie
*** Director, Current Operations (COO/S33):
*** Director, Current Operations (COO/S33): Col Mia L. Walsh
*** Director, Future Operations (COO/S35): Col Ramsey M. Horn<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramsey-horn-a8b6a427b/</ref>
*** Director, Future Operations (COO/S35): Col Ramsey M. Horn<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramsey-horn-a8b6a427b/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*** Director, Training (S3T): Col Joseph Tobin
*** Director, Training (S3T): Col Joseph Tobin
*** Director, Joint and National Security Council Matters (S3J): Col Kelly Anderson
*** Director, Joint and National Security Council Matters (S3J): Col Kelly Anderson
*** Director, Special Programs (S3Z): Mr. Roberto Colon
*** Director, Special Programs (S3Z): Mr. Roberto Colon
*** Director, Mission Sustainment (S4O): Col Paul G. Filcek
*** Director, Mission Sustainment (S4O): Col Marcia Quigley
*** Director, Cyber and Spectrum Operations Integration (S6C): Col Joseph J. Wingo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://answer.rand.org/UploadedImages/Col-Wingo-Bio.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603085936/https://answer.rand.org/UploadedImages/Col-Wingo-Bio.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Cyber and Spectrum Operations Integration (S6C): Col Joseph J. Wingo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://answer.rand.org/UploadedImages/Col-Wingo-Bio.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603085936/https://answer.rand.org/UploadedImages/Col-Wingo-Bio.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Force Generation (S7O): Col Nathan D. Boardman<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf_coo/publication/spfi10-201/spfi10-201.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 June 2023 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604080312/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf_coo/publication/spfi10-201/spfi10-201.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Force Generation (S7O): Col Nathan D. Boardman<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf_coo/publication/spfi10-201/spfi10-201.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 June 2023 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604080312/https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf_coo/publication/spfi10-201/spfi10-201.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director, Deterrence Operations (S10N):
*** Director, Deterrence Operations (S10N):


=== List of officeholders ===
=== List of officeholders ===
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== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, and Requirements ==
== Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, and Requirements ==
<!--[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis emblem.png|thumb|Chief Strategy and Resourcing Office emblem]]-->
<!--[[File:Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis emblem.png|thumb|Chief Strategy and Resourcing Office emblem]]-->
The '''deputy chief of space operations for strategy, plans, programs, requirements''' ('''S5/8''' or '''SF/CSRO''') is the [[Chief strategy officer|chief strategy and resourcing officer]] of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership/> The CSRO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's strategies, requirements, and budget.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-6/hafmd2-6.pdf</ref>
The '''deputy chief of space operations for strategy, plans, programs, requirements''' ('''S5/8''' or '''SF/CSRO''') is the [[Chief strategy officer|chief strategy and resourcing officer]] of the Space Force.<ref name=leadership/> The CSRO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's strategies, requirements, and budget.<ref>https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-6/hafmd2-6.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>


=== Structure ===
=== Structure ===
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Lt Gen [[Shawn Bratton]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': Lt Gen [[Shawn Bratton]]
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Stephen L. Hart<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3197336/stephen-l-hart/ |title=STEPHEN L. HART > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117101719/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3197336/stephen-l-hart/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Stephen L. Hart<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3197336/stephen-l-hart/ |title=STEPHEN L. HART > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117101719/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3197336/stephen-l-hart/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** Director of Strategy, Futures, and Partnerships (S5S): Col Todd J. Benson<ref> http://opce.uah.edu/docs/2024BusinessofSpace-Biography-ColToddBenson-HQ-USSF-S5-Mar2024.pdf </ref>
*** Director of Strategy, Futures, and Partnerships (S5S): Col Todd J. Benson<ref>http://opce.uah.edu/docs/2024BusinessofSpace-Biography-ColToddBenson-HQ-USSF-S5-Mar2024.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**** Chief, Futures and Intgeration (S5SB): Col Carl Bottolfson<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-bottolfson-b1837a9a/</ref>
**** Chief, Futures and Intgeration (S5SB): Col Carl Bottolfson<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-bottolfson-b1837a9a/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**** Chief, Global Partnerships (S5SP): Col George B. Nuno<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/george-b-nuno-21745a109/</ref>
**** Chief, Global Partnerships (S5SP): Col George B. Nuno<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/george-b-nuno-21745a109/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**** Chief, Strategy, Policy, and Plans (S5SS): Col William Sanders<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamsanders24/</ref>
**** Chief, Strategy, Policy, and Plans (S5SS): Col William Sanders<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamsanders24/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*** Director of Operational Capability Requirements (S5R):
*** Director of Operational Capability Requirements (S5R):
**** Chief, Information Warfare and Mobility (S5RI):
**** Chief, Information Warfare and Mobility (S5RI):
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**** Chief, Requirements Integration (S5RR):
**** Chief, Requirements Integration (S5RR):
*** Director of Plans and Programs (S8): Brig Gen [[Robert Hutt]]
*** Director of Plans and Programs (S8): Brig Gen [[Robert Hutt]]
**** Deputy Director & Chief, Planning and Analysis (S8PX): Jason Sutherland<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-sutherland-410592100/</ref>
**** Deputy Director & Chief, Planning and Analysis (S8PX): Jason Sutherland<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-sutherland-410592100/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**** Chief, Resource Integration (S8PN): Ramon Ayoade<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/deijyng/</ref>
**** Chief, Resource Integration (S8PN): Ramon Ayoade<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/deijyng/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**** Chief, Programming (S8PS): Emil Garawan<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilgawaran/</ref>
**** Chief, Programming (S8PS): Emil Garawan<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilgawaran/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
** Mobilization Assistant: Brig Gen [[Damon S. Feltman]], USAF
** Mobilization Assistant: Brig Gen [[Damon S. Feltman]], USAF
** Senior Enlisted Advisor:
** Senior Enlisted Advisor:
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=== Structure ===
=== Structure ===
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''': [[Lisa A. Costa]]
* '''Deputy Chief of Space Operations''':
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Col Nathan L. Iven<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathaniven</ref>
** Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Col Nathan L. Iven<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathaniven {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
** Director, Science, Technology, and Research (STR): Joel B. Mozer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056820/dr-joel-b-mozer |title=DR. JOEL B. MOZER > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603214021/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056820/dr-joel-b-mozer/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Director, Science, Technology, and Research (STR): Joel B. Mozer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056820/dr-joel-b-mozer |title=DR. JOEL B. MOZER > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603214021/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/3056820/dr-joel-b-mozer/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Director, Innovation and Digital Transformation (IDT): Col Stephen Landry<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govconwire.com/2023/05/space-experts-urge-cultural-change-and-share-innovation-forecasts-during-summit/ | title=Space Experts Urge Cultural Change & Share Innovation Forecasts During Industrial Space Defense Summit | date=2 May 2023 | access-date=3 June 2023 | archive-date=3 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603084248/https://www.govconwire.com/2023/05/space-experts-urge-cultural-change-and-share-innovation-forecasts-during-summit/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
** Director, Innovation and Digital Transformation (IDT): Col Stephen Landry<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govconwire.com/2023/05/space-experts-urge-cultural-change-and-share-innovation-forecasts-during-summit/ | title=Space Experts Urge Cultural Change & Share Innovation Forecasts During Industrial Space Defense Summit | date=2 May 2023 | access-date=3 June 2023 | archive-date=3 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603084248/https://www.govconwire.com/2023/05/space-experts-urge-cultural-change-and-share-innovation-forecasts-during-summit/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
** Director, Digital Infrastructure, Data, and Data Analytics (IDA):
** Director, Digital Infrastructure, Data, and Data Analytics (IDA):
** Director, Analysis (S9): Gerald Diaz<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/geraldjerrydiaz/</ref>
** Director, Analysis (S9): Gerald Diaz<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/geraldjerrydiaz/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>


=== List of officeholders ===
=== List of officeholders ===
Line 331: Line 331:
| died_year =
| died_year =
| term_start = September 2021
| term_start = September 2021
| term_end = March 2024
| timeinoffice = ~{{ayd|15 September 2021}}
| timeinoffice = ~{{ayd|15 September 2021|15 March 2024}}
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2794420/dr-lisa-a-costa/ |title=Dr. LISA A. COSTA > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603102410/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2794420/dr-lisa-a-costa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2794420/dr-lisa-a-costa/ |title=Dr. LISA A. COSTA > United States Space Force > Display |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603102410/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2794420/dr-lisa-a-costa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = –
| military_rank = Colonel
| image = Col Nathan L. Iven.jpg
| officeholder = [[Nathan L. Iven]]
| officeholder_sort = Iven, Nathan L.
| born_year = {{circa|1974}}
| died_year =
| term_start = March 2024
| timeinoffice = ~{{ayd|15 March 2024}}
| ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3774329/space-force-publishes-data-ai-strategic-action-plan/ | title=Space Force publishes Data, AI strategic action plan | date=14 May 2024 }}</ref>
| acting = y
}}
|}

== Assistant Chief of Space Operations for Future Concepts and Partnerships ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!colspan=2|Assistant Chief of Space Operations
!colspan=3|Term
!rowspan=2|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!Portrait
!Name
!Took office
!Left office
!Term length
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| military_rank = Air Marshal
| image = Air Mshl Paul Godfrey.jpg
| officeholder = [[Paul Godfrey (RAF officer)|Paul Godfrey]]
| officeholder_sort = Godfrey, Paul
| born_year =
| died_year =
| term_start = 17 June 2024
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|17 June 2024}}
| ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3836800/space-force-announces-space-staff-international-partnership/ | title=Space Force announces space staff, international partnership | date=2024-07-12 |website=U.S. Space Force }}</ref>
}}
}}
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 08:02, 15 October 2024

Space Staff identification badge

A deputy chief of space operations is a senior leadership position in the United States Space Force. There are four deputy chiefs of space operations in the Space Force, staffed either by a lieutenant general or a senior executive service personnel. They are the service's equivalent to the Army's and Air Force's deputy chiefs of staff, the Marine Corps' deputy commandants, and the Navy's deputy chiefs of naval operations. They are part of the Office of the Chief of Space Operations and hold office at the Pentagon.

The proposed organizational structure of the Space Force's headquarters was first revealed in a February 2020 congressional report, with directors instead of deputy chiefs of space operations. Intending to be "lean and agile", the service consolidated the normal nine functional areas into three directorates.[1] In a June 2020 draft proposal, the position was renamed deputy chiefs of staff.[2] On July 29, 2020, the first two deputy chiefs of operations were nominated.[3] The Space Force adopted C-suite titles in designing their senior leadership positions.[4]

Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Human Capital

[edit]

The deputy chief of space operations for human capital[a] (S1 or SF/CHCO)[5] is the chief human capital officer of the Space Force.[6] The CHCO directs the Space Force's personnel management, which encompasses force structure analysis, personnel programs, civilian personnel, readiness, senior officer matters, quality force issues, equal opportunity, and family support.[7]

Structure

[edit]
  • Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Katharine Kelley
    • Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Todd L. Remington[8]
      • Director, Analysis and Systems (SF/S1A):
      • Director, Civilian Policy and Management (SF/S1C):
      • Director, Force Development (SF/S1D): Steve Turner Jr.[9]
      • Director, Senior Leader Management (SF/S1L):
      • Director, Manpower (SF/S1M):
      • Director, Military Policy and Management (SF/S1P): Ruth Afiesimama
      • Director, Quality of Life & Resilience (SF/S1Q):
      • Director, Enterprise Talent Management (SF/ETM): Rob Romer[10]
    • Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Abi Scott

List of officeholders

[edit]
No. Deputy Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
1
Patricia Mulcahy
Mulcahy, PatriciaPatricia Mulcahy
(born c. 1958)		August 20203 June 2022~1 year, 292 days[11]
2
Katharine Kelley
Kelley, KatharineKatharine Kelley
(born c. 1977)		~13 July 2022Incumbent~2 years, 143 days[12]

Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Intelligence

[edit]

The deputy chief of space operations for intelligence (S2) is the senior intelligence officer of the Space Force. The S2 has intelligence policy, oversight, and guidance of Space Force intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. The S2 is responsible for the Space Force Intelligence Community Element to the United States Intelligence Community and is the chief of the Service Cryptologic Component with delegated authorities from the Director of the National Security Agency.[13]

Structure

[edit]
  • Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Maj Gen Gregory Gagnon
    • Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Ed Mornston[14]
      • Director, Analysis and Production (S2A):
      • Director, ISR Partnerships and Integration (S2I):
      • Director, Warfighter Support (S2P): Col Marc D. Daniels[15]
      • Director, ISR Resources and Requirements (S2R): Col Phoenix L. Hauser[16]
      • Director, Space Force Cryptologic Office (S2C): Al Monteiro[17][18]
      • Director, Space Force GEOINT Office (S2G):

List of officeholders

[edit]
No. Deputy Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
1
Leah Lauderback
Lauderback, Leah G.Major General
Leah Lauderback
(born 1971)		~August 2020July 2022~1 year, 334 days[19]
2
Gregory Gagnon
Gagnon, Gregory J.Major General
Gregory Gagnon
(born 1972)		July 2022Incumbent~2 years, 141 days[20]

Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear

[edit]
Chief Operations Office emblem

The deputy chief of space operations for operations, cyber, and nuclear (S3/4/6/7/10 or SF/COO)[5] is the chief operations officer of the Space Force.[6] The COO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's operations, sustainment, cyber, and nuclear operations.[21]

Structure

[edit]
Chief Operations Office organizational chart
  • Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Lt Gen DeAnna Burt
    • Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Brig Gen Shay Warakomski
    • Associate Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Bruce E. Hollywood[22]
    • Director of Staff: Christopher Terrio
    • Senior Enlisted Advisor: CMSgt Amber A. Abramowski
    • Senior Cyber Officer: Col Shay Warakomski
      • Director, Force Assessment (COO/S3A): Col Neil Menzie
      • Director, Current Operations (COO/S33): Col Mia L. Walsh
      • Director, Future Operations (COO/S35): Col Ramsey M. Horn[23]
      • Director, Training (S3T): Col Joseph Tobin
      • Director, Joint and National Security Council Matters (S3J): Col Kelly Anderson
      • Director, Special Programs (S3Z): Mr. Roberto Colon
      • Director, Mission Sustainment (S4O): Col Marcia Quigley
      • Director, Cyber and Spectrum Operations Integration (S6C): Col Joseph J. Wingo[24]
      • Director, Force Generation (S7O): Col Nathan D. Boardman[25]
      • Director, Deterrence Operations (S10N):

List of officeholders

[edit]
No. Deputy Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
1
B. Chance Saltzman
Saltzman, B. ChanceLieutenant General
B. Chance Saltzman
(born 1969)		7 August 20202 November 20222 years, 87 days[26]
-
Troy Endicott
Endicott, Troy L.Brigadier General
Troy Endicott
(born 1971)
Acting		2 November 20221 December 202229 days[27]
2
DeAnna Burt
Burt, DeAnnaLieutenant General
DeAnna Burt
(born 1969)		1 December 2022Incumbent2 years, 2 days[28]

Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, and Requirements

[edit]

The deputy chief of space operations for strategy, plans, programs, requirements (S5/8 or SF/CSRO) is the chief strategy and resourcing officer of the Space Force.[6] The CSRO has overall responsibility for the Space Force's strategies, requirements, and budget.[29]

Structure

[edit]
  • Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Lt Gen Shawn Bratton
    • Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Stephen L. Hart[30]
      • Director of Strategy, Futures, and Partnerships (S5S): Col Todd J. Benson[31]
        • Chief, Futures and Intgeration (S5SB): Col Carl Bottolfson[32]
        • Chief, Global Partnerships (S5SP): Col George B. Nuno[33]
        • Chief, Strategy, Policy, and Plans (S5SS): Col William Sanders[34]
      • Director of Operational Capability Requirements (S5R):
        • Chief, Information Warfare and Mobility (S5RI):
        • Chief, Combat Power (S5RP):
        • Chief, Requirements Integration (S5RR):
      • Director of Plans and Programs (S8): Brig Gen Robert Hutt
        • Deputy Director & Chief, Planning and Analysis (S8PX): Jason Sutherland[35]
        • Chief, Resource Integration (S8PN): Ramon Ayoade[36]
        • Chief, Programming (S8PS): Emil Garawan[37]
    • Mobilization Assistant: Brig Gen Damon S. Feltman, USAF
    • Senior Enlisted Advisor:

List of officeholders

[edit]
No. Deputy Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
1
William Liquori
Liquori, William J. Jr.Lieutenant General
William Liquori
(born c. 1969)		7 August 20201 August 20221 year, 359 days[38]
2
Philip Garrant
Garrant, Philip A.Lieutenant General
Philip Garrant
(born c. 1969)		2 August 202222 December 20231 year, 142 days[39]
3
Shawn Bratton
Bratton, ShawnLieutenant General
Shawn Bratton
(born 1968)		22 December 2023Incumbent347 days[40]

Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Technology and Innovation

[edit]

The deputy chief of space operations for technology and innovation (S9 or SF/CTIO)[4][5] is the chief technology and innovation officer of the Space Force.[6][41]

Structure

[edit]
  • Deputy Chief of Space Operations:
    • Assistant Deputy Chief of Space Operations: Col Nathan L. Iven[42]
    • Director, Science, Technology, and Research (STR): Joel B. Mozer[43]
    • Director, Innovation and Digital Transformation (IDT): Col Stephen Landry[44]
    • Director, Digital Infrastructure, Data, and Data Analytics (IDA):
    • Director, Analysis (S9): Gerald Diaz[45]

List of officeholders

[edit]
No. Deputy Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
–
Kimberly Crider
Crider, Kimberly A.Major General
Kimberly Crider
(born c. 1964)
Acting		August 2020June 2021~304 days[46]
–
John M. Olson
Olson, John M.Brigadier General
John M. Olson
(born c. 1970)
Acting		June 2021September 2021~92 days[47]
1
Lisa A. Costa
Costa, Lisa A.Lisa A. Costa
(born c. 1964)		September 2021March 2024~2 years, 182 days[48]
–
Nathan L. Iven
Iven, Nathan L.Colonel
Nathan L. Iven
(born c. 1974)
Acting		March 2024Incumbent~263 days[49]

Assistant Chief of Space Operations for Future Concepts and Partnerships

[edit]
No. Assistant Chief of Space Operations Term Ref.
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
1
Paul Godfrey
Godfrey, PaulAir Marshal
Paul Godfrey		17 June 2024Incumbent169 days[50]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also referred to as the deputy chief of space operations for personnel.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Comprehensive Plan for the Organizational Structure of the U.S. Space Force" (PDF). Department of the Air Force. February 2020. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Space Force proposes headquarters staff led by generals and civilians". SpaceNews. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  3. ^ "General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Fireside Chat - MG Boe Young & Lt Gen Nina Armagno". 11 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  5. ^ a b c d https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_se/publication/hafmd1-46/hafmd1-46.pdf Archived 1 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  6. ^ a b c d "Leadership". www.spaceforce.mil. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  7. ^ https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/ussf/publication/hafmd2-3/hafmd2-3.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ "TODD L. REMINGTON > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  9. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/j-steve-turner-jr/ [bare URL]
  10. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-romer-6949343b/ [bare URL]
  11. ^ "PATRICIA MULCAHY". www.af.mil. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  12. ^ "KATHARINE KELLEY > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "Ed Mornston".
  15. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/marc-daniels-8b898665/ [bare URL]
  16. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/phoenix-hauser-3326004a/ [bare URL]
  17. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/monteiroal/ [bare URL]
  18. ^ "Space Force officially creates cryptologic service component for NSA". 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  19. ^ "Leah G. Lauderback". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  20. ^ "Major General Gregory J. Gagnon". www.spaceforce.mil. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  21. ^ https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-5/hafmd2-5.pdf Archived 19 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  22. ^ "BRUCE E. HOLLYWOOD". www.spaceforce.mil.[permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramsey-horn-a8b6a427b/ [bare URL]
  24. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. ^ "B. Chance Saltzman".[permanent dead link‍]
  27. ^ "Troy L. Endicott > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  28. ^ "Lt. Gen. DeAnna M. Burt > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  29. ^ https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/hqsf/publication/hafmd2-6/hafmd2-6.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  30. ^ "STEPHEN L. HART > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  31. ^ http://opce.uah.edu/docs/2024BusinessofSpace-Biography-ColToddBenson-HQ-USSF-S5-Mar2024.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  32. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-bottolfson-b1837a9a/ [bare URL]
  33. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/george-b-nuno-21745a109/ [bare URL]
  34. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamsanders24/ [bare URL]
  35. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-sutherland-410592100/ [bare URL]
  36. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/deijyng/ [bare URL]
  37. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilgawaran/ [bare URL]
  38. ^ "William J. Liquori". www.spaceforce.mil.[permanent dead link‍]
  39. ^ "Philip A. Garrant > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  40. ^ "Lieutenant General Shawn N. Bratton". United States Space Force. October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  41. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  42. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathaniven [bare URL]
  43. ^ "DR. JOEL B. MOZER > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  44. ^ "Space Experts Urge Cultural Change & Share Innovation Forecasts During Industrial Space Defense Summit". 2 May 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  45. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/geraldjerrydiaz/ [bare URL]
  46. ^ "Kimberly A. Crider". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  47. ^ "John M. Olson". Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  48. ^ "Dr. LISA A. COSTA > United States Space Force > Display". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  49. ^ "Space Force publishes Data, AI strategic action plan". 14 May 2024.
  50. ^ "Space Force announces space staff, international partnership". U.S. Space Force. 12 July 2024.
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