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{{short description|Japanese daimyō (1634–1684)}}
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'''Hotta Masatoshi''' (堀田正俊) ([[1634]]-[[7 October]] [[1684]]) was a ''[[daimyō]]'' (feudal lord) in [[Shimousa Province]], and top government advisor and official in the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of Japan. He served as ''[[rōjū]]'' (chief advisor) to [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] from 1679-80, and as ''[[Tairō]]'' (head of the ''rōjū'' council) under [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on [[7 October]] [[1684]].
{{family name hatnote|Hotta|lang=Japanese}}
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{{nihongo|'''Hotta Masatoshi'''|堀田 正俊|extra=December 31, 1634 – October 7, 1684}} was a ''[[daimyō]]'' (feudal lord) in [[Shimōsa Province]], and top government advisor and official in the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of Japan. He served as ''[[rōjū]]'' (chief advisor) to ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] from 1679–80, and as ''[[Tairō]]'' (head of the ''rōjū'' council) under [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on 7 October 1684.


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
His father was [[Hotta Masamori]], advisor (''[[Tairō]]'') under the previous shogun, [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], who committed ''[[seppuku]]'' upon Iemitsu's death in 1651. Masatoshi was then adopted by Iemitsu's nurse, Kasuga no Tsubone.
His father was [[Hotta Masamori]], advisor (''[[Tairō]]'') under the previous ''shōgun'', [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], who committed ''[[seppuku]]'' upon Iemitsu's death in 1651. Masatoshi was then adopted by Iemitsu's nurse, [[Kasuga no Tsubone]].


He served as personal secretary to the next shogun, Tokugawa Ietsuna, for a time, before being appointed ''[[wakadoshiyori]]'' (junior councillor) in 1670. Ietsuna was already quite ill when Masatoshi was appointed ''rōjū'' in 1679, and died the following summer. At this time, another ''rōjū'', [[Sakai Tadakiyo]], in a bid for personal power, proposed that the next shogun be selected from the princely houses. He sought to be [[regent]] to this new shogun, who would be made a puppet ruler. However, Masatoshi, said to have been infuriated, voiced strong opposition to this scheme; Tadakiyo resigned his post shortly afterwards, and Ietsuna's brother [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] was installed as the new shogun.
He served as personal secretary to the next ''shōgun'', [[Tokugawa Ietsuna]], for a time, before being appointed ''[[wakadoshiyori]]'' (junior councillor) in 1670. Ietsuna was already quite ill when Masatoshi was appointed ''rōjū'' in 1679, and died the following summer. At this time, another ''rōjū'', [[Sakai Tadakiyo]], in a bid for personal power, proposed that the next ''shōgun'' be selected from the princely houses. He sought to be [[regent]] to this new ''shōgun'', who would be made a puppet ruler. However, Masatoshi, said to have been infuriated, voiced strong opposition to this scheme; Tadakiyo resigned his post shortly afterwards, and Ietsuna's brother [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] was installed as the new shogun.


Masatoshi became ''Tairō'' soon afterwards, and was granted a domain worth 13,000 ''[[koku]]'' by Tsunayoshi.
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Masatoshi became ''Tairō'' soon afterwards, and was granted a domain worth 13,000 ''[[koku]]'' by Tsunayoshi. He was killed several years later, on [[7 October]] [[1684]]. The motives of the culprit, Masatoshi's cousin [[Inaba Masayasu]], are unknown. Following Masatoshi's death, Tsunayoshi took the opportunity to reorganize the shogunate's offices so as to weaken the ''rōjū'' and grant additional powers to the ''[[Soba-yōnin]]'' (Chamberlains). Masatoshi was not succeeded as ''Tairō'', and much of his power came to be wielded by the shogun himself.


==Death==
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{{start box}}
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He was killed several years later, on 7 October 1684. The motives of the culprit, Masatoshi's cousin [[Inaba Masayasu]], are unknown. Following Masatoshi's death, Tsunayoshi took the opportunity to reorganize the shogunate's offices so as to weaken the ''rōjū'' and grant additional powers to the ''[[:ja:側用人|Soba-yōnin]]'' (Chamberlains). Masatoshi was not succeeded as ''Tairō'', and much of his power came to be wielded by the ''shōgun'' himself.
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{{succession box | title=[[Annaka Domain|Lord of Annaka]] | before=[[Mizuno Mototomo]] | after=[[Itakura Shigekata]] | years=1667-1681}}

The reason for Hota Masatoshi's assassination is unknown. One theory is that Inaba Masatoshi was dismissed from the Yodogawa water control project in the third year of Tenwa (1683) and was dissatisfied with Masatoshi. Another theory is that he opposed Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's Human Mercy Order and was killed by Tsunayoshi. Another theory is that Yanagisawa Yoshiho , Makino Shigesada and other side servants ordered him to be killed in order to gain power.

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{{s-start}}
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{{succession box | title=[[Annaka Domain|''Daimyō'' of Annaka]] | before=[[Mizuno Mototomo]] | after=[[Itakura Shigekata]] | years=1667–1681}}
|-
|-
{{succession box | title=[[Koga Domain|Lord of Koga]] | before=[[Doi Toshimasu]] | after=[[Hotta Masanaka]] | years=1681-1684}}
{{succession box | title=[[Koga Domain|''Daimyō'' of Koga]] | before=[[Doi Toshimasu]] | after=[[Hotta Masanaka]] | years=1681–1684}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}


==References==
==References==
*Frederic, Louis (2002). "Hotta Masatoshi." <u>Japan Encyclopedia</u>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p360.
*Frederic, Louis (2002). "Hotta Masatoshi". ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p360.
*Sansom, George (1963). "A History of Japan: 1615-1867." Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp68, 131-2.
*Sansom, George (1963). ''A History of Japan: 1615–1867''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp68, 131–132.


{{Tokugawa officials}}
{{Tokugawa officials}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hotta, Masatoshi}}
[[Category:1634 births]]
[[Category:1634 births]]
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
[[Category:Daimyo]]
[[Category:Daimyo]]
[[Category:Murdered ministers]]
[[Category:Tairō]]
[[Category:Tairō]]
[[Category:Rōjū]]
[[Category:Rōjū]]

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[[de:Hotta Masatoshi]]
[[ja:堀田正俊]]
[[ko:홋타 마사토시]]

Latest revision as of 11:23, 15 October 2024

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hotta.

Hotta Masatoshi (堀田 正俊, December 31, 1634 – October 7, 1684) was a daimyō (feudal lord) in Shimōsa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as rōjū (chief advisor) to shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as Tairō (head of the rōjū council) under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on 7 October 1684.

Life and career

[edit]

His father was Hotta Masamori, advisor (Tairō) under the previous shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, who committed seppuku upon Iemitsu's death in 1651. Masatoshi was then adopted by Iemitsu's nurse, Kasuga no Tsubone.

He served as personal secretary to the next shōgun, Tokugawa Ietsuna, for a time, before being appointed wakadoshiyori (junior councillor) in 1670. Ietsuna was already quite ill when Masatoshi was appointed rōjū in 1679, and died the following summer. At this time, another rōjū, Sakai Tadakiyo, in a bid for personal power, proposed that the next shōgun be selected from the princely houses. He sought to be regent to this new shōgun, who would be made a puppet ruler. However, Masatoshi, said to have been infuriated, voiced strong opposition to this scheme; Tadakiyo resigned his post shortly afterwards, and Ietsuna's brother Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was installed as the new shogun.

Masatoshi became Tairō soon afterwards, and was granted a domain worth 13,000 koku by Tsunayoshi.

Death

[edit]

He was killed several years later, on 7 October 1684. The motives of the culprit, Masatoshi's cousin Inaba Masayasu, are unknown. Following Masatoshi's death, Tsunayoshi took the opportunity to reorganize the shogunate's offices so as to weaken the rōjū and grant additional powers to the Soba-yōnin (Chamberlains). Masatoshi was not succeeded as Tairō, and much of his power came to be wielded by the shōgun himself.

The reason for Hota Masatoshi's assassination is unknown. One theory is that Inaba Masatoshi was dismissed from the Yodogawa water control project in the third year of Tenwa (1683) and was dissatisfied with Masatoshi. Another theory is that he opposed Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's Human Mercy Order and was killed by Tsunayoshi. Another theory is that Yanagisawa Yoshiho , Makino Shigesada and other side servants ordered him to be killed in order to gain power.

Preceded by Daimyō of Annaka
1667–1681 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Daimyō of Koga
1681–1684 		Succeeded by

References

[edit]
  • Frederic, Louis (2002). "Hotta Masatoshi". Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p360.
  • Sansom, George (1963). A History of Japan: 1615–1867. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp68, 131–132.
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