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Louis Pierre Manuel (French pronunciation: [lwi pjɛʁ manɥɛl]; July 1751 – 14 November 1793) was a republican French writer, municipal administrator of the police, and public prosecutor during the French Revolution who was arrested, trialled and guillotined.

Life

Revolutionary

He was born at Montargis, Loiret, and entered the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, becoming tutor to the son of a Paris banker. In 1783 his clandestine pamphlet, Essais historiques, critiques, littéraires, et philosophiques, resulted in his being imprisoned in the Bastille.^[1]

Manuel, a man of letters passionately embraced the revolutionary ideas, and after the storming of the Bastille became a member of the provisional municipality of Paris, administrating the Garde Nationale and gendarme. Early December 1791 he was elected as procureur public of the commune, charged with both the investigation and prosecution of crime and representing the King. In a discussion about the right of veto (to suspend a law for a period or until the fulfillment of a condition) he told the Jacobins as a patriot he did not like the King, but he should have the right to leave or to abdicate. As Manuel was not from Paris he lost popularity.^[2] On 24 February 1792 Manuel was installed as procureur of the commune, gave a speech warning against anarchy.^[3] He proposed to sell the portraits of bishops hanging inside the building.^[4]

Manuel was associated with the Demonstration of 20 June 1792, which he visited as a private person.^[5] Afterwards he and Pétion de Villeneuve, the mayor were dismissed on 6 July by the Conseil Général, but reappointed on 23 July by the Assembly.^[6] During the 10 August storming of the Tuileries Palace, he was up all night and played a part in the formation of the insurrectionary Paris Commune which assured the success of the latter attack (begun by the taking of the Hôtel de Ville).^[7] On 12 August Robespierre and Manuel visited the Temple prison to check on the security of the royal family.^[8] Manuel and Pétion were against their imprisonment.^[9] At the end of the month and with a sense of martyrdom, Manuel or Robespierre seem to have ordered the sections to maintain their posts and die if necessary.^[10]^[11] On 28 August he helped Madame de Stael and released some of her friends.^[12] It is not clear if he saved the life of Beaumarchais who was jailed on the 23rd and released a week later, only three days before a massacre took place in the prison where he had been detained.

Manuel lived at Place Dauphine and was present at the nearby Abbaye Prison on the first day of the September Massacres. The door was closed, but the killing was resumed after an intense discussion with Manuel, on people's justice and failing judges.^[13] Manuel belonged to a deputation sent by the general council (Conseil général) of the commune to ask for compassion.^[14] They were insulted and escaped with their lives.^[15] Late in the evening, Madame de Stael was conveyed home, escorted by Manuel. He saved the life of governess Madame Tourzel, because of her mother.^[16]

On 7 September 1792, he was elected one of the deputies from Paris to the National Convention. On 3 November, he declared in the gallery of the Jacobin Club that "the massacres of September had been the Saint Bartholomew's Day of the people, who had shown themselves to be as wicked as a king, and that the whole of Paris was guilty of having suffered these assassinations.^[17]

He suppressed the decoration of the Cross of Saint Louis, which he called "a stain on a man's coat", requested that Pétion de Villeneuve, the first president of Convention to be housed in the palace of the Tuileries,^[18]^[19] and demanded the sale of the Palace of Versailles.

Independent politics and execution

In 1792 he was prosecuted for publishing four volumes of the indecent fr: Lettres à Sophie de Ruffey, written in jail by Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau between 1777-1780, but was acquitted.^[1]

Manuel changed his opinions on King Louis XVI through his connection with Pétion and the Brissotins; he refused to vote in favor of the execution of the former sovereign. Never before the Convention was like a court.^[20] He accused The Mountain of being anarchists and murderers.^[21] Consequently, he resigned as deputy.^[22] succeeded by Fouquier-Tinville as public prosecutor. He retired to Montargis, where his house was attacked by the crowd on 14 March 1793.^[23] Heavily bleeding he was taken to the liberty tree, arrested, and put in prison almost naked. At the end of August he was transported to the Prison de l'Abbaye and on 13 November to the Conciergerie.^[24] In his trial Fouquier-Tinville accused him of being a libertine, offering wine to the "septembriseurs", stealing money and organizing a conspiration against the one and indivisible republic. He was guillotined the same day, 24 Brumaire.^[25]

Works

Manuel, Louis-Pierre (1783). Essais historiques, critiques, littéraires et philosophiques. p. 167.
Lettre d'un garde du roi, pour servir de suite aux mémoires sur Cagliostro (1786)
Manuel, Louis Pierre (1786). Coup-d'œil philosophique sur le règne de saint-Louis. p. 164.;
Lettre a la reine (1789)
Sur la séance nationale du vingt-cinq juin et lettre à Monsieur le comte d'Artois sur la séance royale du 23 (1789)
Seconde lettre à Monsieur le comte d'Artois (1789)
Le nobiliaire des trois ordres (1789)
Manuel, Louis-Pierre (1789). L'année françoise. p. 154.;
Manuel, Louis-Pierre (1789). L'année françoise.;
Louis-Pierre Manuel (1789). La Bastille dévoilée: livr. Notes historiques sur la Bastille. Desenne. According to the bibliographer Antoine-Alexandre Barbier, in his Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes, Volume 1, the pamphlet was not written by Manuel, as often cited, but by a Charpentier.^{[citation needed]}
Lettre a Monsieur, frere du roi (1791)
Lettre de M. Manuel, procureur de la Commune de Paris, aux ministres (1791)
La Police de Paris dévoilée. Tome premier'Tome second, avec gravure et tableau (1791)
Lettres sur la Révolution (1792).
Le trone des Français ne s'emporte pas. lettre superbe & extraordinaire de M. Manuel, procureur de la Commune de Paris, au roi (1792)
P. Manuel a ses concitoyens (1793)
P. Manuel aux officiers municipaux de Montargis (1793)
Opinion de P. Manuel, sur la premiere question, pour le jugement de Louis XVI (1793)

References

^ ^a ^b Chisholm 1911.
^ La Feuille du jour, 17 décembre 1791, 30 janvier 1792, 4 février 1792, 11 mars 1792
^ Municipalité de Paris. Installation du Conseil général de la commune, 24 février 1792
^ Gazette universelle, 29 février 1792
^ Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793
^ S. Schama, p. 609, 611, 624, 636
^ Jesse Goldhammer (2005). The Headless Republic: Sacrificial Violence in Modern French Thought. Cornell University Press. p. 34. ISBN 0-8014-4150-1.
^ Israel, Jonathan (2014). Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre. p. 272.
^ Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793
^ Jean Massin (1959) Robespierre, pp. 133–34
^ Janes, Dominic; Houen, Alex (1 May 2014). Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre-Modern to Contemporary Perspectives. Oxford University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-19-937651-3.
^ L. Moore, p. 142, 146
^ F. Bluche, p. 56-60
^ L. Blanc (1855) Histoire de la Révolution Française, vol VII, p. 163
^ Oscar Browning, ed., The Despatches of Earl Gower (Cambridge University Press, 1885), 213–16, 219–21, 223–28.
^ Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793
^ "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".
^ Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793
^ "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".
^ "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".
^ Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793
^ Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793
^ Mercure universel, 20 mars 1793; Thermomètre du jour, 21 mars 1793
^ Mercure français, 24 août 1793; Le Journal de Paris, 14 novembre 1793
^ Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 16 novembre 1793; Feuille du salut public, 16 novembre 1793; Mercure français, 23 novembre 1793

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manuel, Louis Pierre". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1] Chisholm 1911.

[2] La Feuille du jour, 17 décembre 1791, 30 janvier 1792, 4 février 1792, 11 mars 1792

[3] Municipalité de Paris. Installation du Conseil général de la commune, 24 février 1792

[4] Gazette universelle, 29 février 1792

[5] Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793

[6] S. Schama, p. 609, 611, 624, 636

[Goldhammer2005-7] Jesse Goldhammer (2005). The Headless Republic: Sacrificial Violence in Modern French Thought. Cornell University Press. p. 34. ISBN 0-8014-4150-1.

[8] Israel, Jonathan (2014). Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre. p. 272.

[9] Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793

[10] Jean Massin (1959) Robespierre, pp. 133–34

[11] Janes, Dominic; Houen, Alex (1 May 2014). Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre-Modern to Contemporary Perspectives. Oxford University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-19-937651-3.

[12] L. Moore, p. 142, 146

[13] F. Bluche, p. 56-60

[14] L. Blanc (1855) Histoire de la Révolution Française, vol VII, p. 163

[15] Oscar Browning, ed., The Despatches of Earl Gower (Cambridge University Press, 1885), 213–16, 219–21, 223–28.

[16] Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793

[17] "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".

[18] Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793

[19] "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".

[20] "Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale".

[21] Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793

[22] Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793

[23] Mercure universel, 20 mars 1793; Thermomètre du jour, 21 mars 1793

[24] Mercure français, 24 août 1793; Le Journal de Paris, 14 novembre 1793

[25] Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 16 novembre 1793; Feuille du salut public, 16 novembre 1793; Mercure français, 23 novembre 1793

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|French writer, municipal administrator of the police, and public prosecutor}}
-{{dmy}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
-'''Louis Pierre Manuel''' (1751 – 17 November 1793) was a [[France|French]] writer and political figure of the [[French Revolution|Revolution]].
+[[File:Pierre Louis Manuel Ducreux Alix BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|right|Manuel  by [[Pierre-Michel Alix]]]]
+'''Louis Pierre Manuel''' ({{IPA|fr|lwi pjɛʁ manɥɛl}}; July 1751 – 14 November 1793) was a [[republicanism|republican]] French writer, municipal administrator of the police, and [[public prosecutor]] during the [[French Revolution]] who was arrested, trialled and guillotined.
 ==Life==
 ===Revolutionary===
+[[File:Bouillon Vérité Journée du 20 juin 1792 Couleurs 1796.jpg|thumb|Journée du 20 juin 1792 by Bouillon & Vérité]]
-He was born at [[Montargis]], [[Loiret]], and entered the [[Confraternity of Christian Doctrine]], becoming [[tutor]] to the son of a [[Paris]] banker. In 1783 his [[pamphlet]], ''Essais historiques, critiques, littéraires, et philosophiques'', resulted in his being imprisoned in the [[Bastille]].
+[[File:P1030949 Paris Ier place Dauphine rwk.JPG|thumb|place Dauphine]]
+[[File:Place Dauphine 2.jpg|thumb|Place Dauphine, nr 2]]
+[[File:P1030942 Paris Ier place Dauphine rwk.JPG|thumb|place Dauphine nr 11 is on the left]]
+He was born at [[Montargis]], [[Loiret]], and entered the [[Confraternity of Christian Doctrine]], becoming [[tutor]] to the son of a Paris banker. In 1783 his clandestine [[pamphlet]], ''Essais historiques, critiques, littéraires, et philosophiques'', resulted in his being imprisoned in the [[Bastille]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
-Manuel embraced the revolutionary ideas, and after the [[storming of the Bastille]] became a member of the provisional municipality of Paris. He was one of the leaders of the riots of 20 June 1792, and the [[10th of August (French Revolution)|10 August storming of the Tuileries Palace]], played an important part in the formation of the [[Paris Commune (French Revolution)|insurrectionary Paris Commune]] which assured the success of the latter attack (begun by the taking of the ''[[Hôtel de Ville, Paris|Hôtel de Ville]]''), and was made ''procureur'' of the commune.
+Manuel, a [[man of letters]] passionately embraced the revolutionary ideas, and after the [[storming of the Bastille]] became a member of the provisional municipality of Paris, administrating the [[Garde Nationale]] and [[gendarme]]. Early December 1791 he was elected as ''procureur public'' of the commune, charged with both the investigation and prosecution of crime and representing the King. In a discussion about the right of [[veto]] (to suspend a law for a period or until the fulfillment of a condition) he told the Jacobins as a  patriot he did not like the King, but he should have the right to leave or to abdicate. As Manuel was not from Paris he lost popularity.<ref>La Feuille du jour, 17 décembre 1791, 30 janvier 1792, 4 février 1792, 11 mars 1792</ref> On 24 February 1792 Manuel was installed as [[public prosecutor|procureur of the commune]], gave a speech warning against anarchy.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/installationduco00pari Municipalité de Paris. Installation du Conseil général de la commune, 24 février 1792]</ref> He proposed to sell the portraits of bishops hanging inside the building.<ref>Gazette universelle, 29 février 1792</ref>
-He was present at the [[September Massacres]] and saved several prisoners, and on 7 September 1792 was elected one of the deputies from Paris to the [[National Convention]], where he promoted the proclamation of the [[First French Republic]]. He suppressed the decoration of the [[Order of Saint Louis|Cross of Saint Louis]], which he called "''a stain on a man's coat''", and demanded the sale of the [[Palace of Versailles]].
+Manuel was associated with the [[Demonstration of 20 June 1792]], which he visited as a private person.<ref>Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793</ref> Afterwards he and [[Pétion de Villeneuve]], the mayor were dismissed on 6 July by the Conseil Général, but reappointed on 23 July by the Assembly.<ref>S. Schama, p. 609, 611, 624, 636</ref> During the [[Insurrection of 10 August 1792|10 August storming of the Tuileries Palace]], he was up all night and played a part in the formation of the [[Paris Commune (French Revolution)|insurrectionary Paris Commune]] which assured the success of the latter attack (begun by the taking of the ''[[Hôtel de Ville, Paris|Hôtel de Ville]]'').<ref name="Goldhammer2005">{{cite book|author=Jesse Goldhammer|title=The Headless Republic: Sacrificial Violence in Modern French Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFXoW2fEMWYC&pg=PA34|year=2005|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-4150-1|page=34}}</ref> On 12 August [[Robespierre]] and Manuel visited the [[Square du Temple#French Revolution|Temple prison]] to check on the security of the royal family.<ref>{{cite book |first=Jonathan |last=Israel |title=Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre |year=2014 |page=272}}</ref> Manuel and Pétion were against their imprisonment.<ref>Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793</ref> At the end of the month and with a sense of [[martyrdom]], Manuel or Robespierre seem to have ordered the sections to maintain their posts and die if necessary.<ref>[[Jean Massin]] (1959) Robespierre, pp. 133–34</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Janes|first1=Dominic|last2=Houen|first2=Alex|title=Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre-Modern to Contemporary Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3pPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT177|date=1 May 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-937651-3|page=177}}</ref> On 28 August he helped [[Madame de Stael]] and released some of her friends.<ref>L. Moore, p. 142, 146</ref> It is not clear if he saved the life of [[Beaumarchais]] who was jailed on the 23rd and released a week later, only three days before a massacre took place in the prison where he had been detained.
+Manuel lived at [[Place Dauphine]] and was present at the nearby [[Prison de l'Abbaye|Abbaye Prison]] on the first day of the [[September Massacres]]. The door was closed, but the killing was resumed after an intense discussion with Manuel, on people's justice and failing judges.<ref>F. Bluche, p. 56-60</ref> Manuel belonged to a deputation sent by the general council (Conseil général) of the commune to ask for compassion.<ref>L. Blanc (1855) Histoire de la Révolution Française, vol VII, p. 163</ref> They were insulted and escaped with their lives.<ref>Oscar Browning, ed., ''The Despatches of [[George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland|Earl Gower]]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1885), 213–16, 219–21, 223–28.</ref> Late in the evening, Madame de Stael was conveyed home, escorted by Manuel. He saved the life of governess [[Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel|Madame Tourzel]], because of her mother.<ref>Le Républicain français, 20 octobre 1793</ref>
+On 7 September 1792, he was elected one of the deputies from Paris to the [[National Convention]]. On 3 November, he declared in the gallery of the [[Jacobin Club]] that "the massacres of September had been the [[Saint Bartholomew's Day]] of the people, who had shown themselves to be as wicked as a king, and that the whole of Paris was guilty of having suffered these assassinations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/15181 | title=Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale }}</ref>
+He suppressed the decoration of the [[Order of Saint Louis|Cross of Saint Louis]], which he called "''a stain on a man's coat''", requested that [[Pétion de Villeneuve]], the first president of Convention to be housed in the palace of the [[Tuileries]],<ref>Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/15181 | title=Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale }}</ref> and demanded the sale of the [[Palace of Versailles]].
 ===Independent politics and execution===
-Manuel's missions to [[List of French monarchs|King]] [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], however, changed his sentiments: he became reconciled to the [[House of Bourbon]], and courageously refused to vote in favor of [[Capital punishment]] for the sovereign. Consequently, he had to tender his resignation as deputy.
-In 1792 he was prosecuted for publishing an edition of the [[Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau|marquis de Mirabeau]] ''Letters'' to [[Sophie de Ruffey]], but was [[Acqittal|acquitted]]. He retired to Montargis, where he was arrested, and was later [[guillotine]]d in Paris.
+In 1792 he was prosecuted for publishing four volumes of the indecent ''[[:fr: Lettres à Sophie]]'' de Ruffey, written in [[Château de Vincennes|jail]] by [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau]] between 1777-1780, but was acquitted.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
+Manuel changed his opinions on King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] through his connection with Pétion and the [[Brissotins]]; he refused to vote in favor of the [[Execution of Louis XVI|execution of the former sovereign]]. Never before the Convention was like a court.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/15181 | title=Pierre, Louis Manuel - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale }}</ref> He accused [[The Mountain]] of being anarchists and murderers.<ref>Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793</ref> Consequently, he resigned as deputy.<ref>Mercure universel, 18 novembre 1793</ref> succeeded by [[Fouquier-Tinville]] as public prosecutor. He retired to Montargis, where his house was attacked by the crowd on 14 March 1793.<ref>Mercure universel, 20 mars 1793; Thermomètre du jour, 21 mars 1793</ref> Heavily bleeding he was taken to the [[liberty tree]], arrested, and put in prison almost naked. At the end of August he was transported to the [[Prison de l'Abbaye]] and on 13 November to the [[Conciergerie]].<ref>Mercure français, 24 août 1793; Le Journal de Paris, 14 novembre 1793</ref> In his trial Fouquier-Tinville accused him of being a [[libertine]], offering wine to the "[[September Massacre|septembriseurs]]", stealing money and organizing a [[conspiracy (law)|conspiration]] against the [[First French Republic|one and indivisible republic]]. He was guillotined the same day, 24 [[Brumaire]].<ref>Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 16 novembre 1793; Feuille du salut public, 16 novembre 1793; Mercure français, 23 novembre 1793</ref>
 ==Works==
+*{{cite book| title=Essais historiques, critiques, littéraires et philosophiques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDFSrQkowSYC&pg=PA167|year=1783|page=167|last1 = Manuel|first1 = Louis-Pierre}}
-Besides his ''Essais historiques...'' and his political pamphlets, he was the author of ''Coup d'oeil philosophique sur le regne de Saint Louis'' (1786); ''L'Armée française'' (1788); ''La Bastille dévoilée'' (1789); ''La Police de Paris dévoilée'' (1791); and ''Lettres sur la Révolution'' (1792).
+* [https://archive.org/details/lettredungar00unse/mode/2up ''Lettre d'un garde du roi, pour servir de suite aux mémoires sur Cagliostro''] (1786)
+* {{cite book|title=Coup-d'œil philosophique sur le règne de saint-Louis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMuFG7ICDl8C&pg=PA164|date=1786|page=164|last1 = Manuel|first1 = Louis Pierre}};
+* [https://archive.org/details/lettre00unse_61/mode/2up ''Lettre a la reine''] (1789)
+* [https://archive.org/details/surlaseancenatio00manu/page/n1/mode/2up ''Sur la séance nationale du vingt-cinq juin et lettre à Monsieur le comte d'Artois sur la séance royale du 23''] (1789)
+* [https://archive.org/details/secondelettremon00manu/mode/2up ''Seconde lettre à Monsieur le comte d'Artois''] (1789)
+* [https://archive.org/details/lenobiliairedest00manuLe '' Le nobiliaire des trois ordres''] (1789)
+*{{cite book| title=L'année françoise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km6MiMhaRYEC&pg=PA154|year=1789|page=154|last1 = Manuel|first1 = Louis-Pierre}};
+*{{cite book| title=L'année françoise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km6MiMhaRYEC|year=1789|last1 = Manuel|first1 = Louis-Pierre}};
+*{{cite book|author1=Louis-Pierre Manuel|title=La Bastille dévoilée: livr. Notes historiques sur la Bastille|url=https://archive.org/details/labastilledvoil00manugoog|year=1789|publisher=Desenne}} According to the bibliographer [[Antoine-Alexandre Barbier]], in his ''Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes, Volume 1'', the pamphlet was not written by Manuel, as often cited, but by a Charpentier.{{CN|date=November 2021}}
+* [https://archive.org/details/lettre00unse_65/mode/2up ''Lettre a Monsieur, frere du roi''] (1791)
+* [https://archive.org/details/lettre00unse_67 ''Lettre de M. Manuel, procureur de la Commune de Paris, aux ministres''] (1791)
+* [https://books.google.com/books?id=yjNaAAAAcAAJ ''La Police de Paris dévoilée''. Tome premier]'[https://books.google.com/books?id=b0HsQjvVXqcC Tome second], avec gravure et tableau (1791)
+* ''Lettres sur la Révolution'' (1792).
+* [https://archive.org/details/letronedesfranca00manu ''Le trone des Français ne s'emporte pas. lettre superbe & extraordinaire de M. Manuel, procureur de la Commune de Paris, au roi''] (1792)
+* [https://archive.org/details/pmanuel00unse ''P. Manuel a ses concitoyens'']  (1793)
+* [https://archive.org/details/pmanuel00unse_0/mode/2up ''P. Manuel aux officiers municipaux de Montargis''] (1793)
+* [https://archive.org/details/opinionpmanu00unse_0 ''Opinion de P. Manuel, sur la premiere question, pour le jugement de Louis XVI''] (1793)
 ==References==
-*{{1911}}
+{{Reflist}}
+;Attribution
+*{{EB1911|wstitle=Manuel, Louis Pierre|volume=17 }}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Manuel, Louis Pierre}}
 [[Category:1751 births]]
 [[Category:1793 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Loiret]]
+[[Category:People from Montargis]]
 [[Category:Deputies to the French National Convention]]
 [[Category:French essayists]]
-[[Category:French historians]]
+[[Category:18th-century French historians]]
 [[Category:Historians of the French Revolution]]
-[[Category:People executed by guillotine during the French Revolution]]
+[[Category:French police officers convicted of crimes]]
-[[Category:Executed French people]]
+[[Category:French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution]]
+[[Category:French male essayists]]
+[[Category:18th-century French essayists]]
-[[fr:Pierre Louis Manuel]]
+[[Category:18th-century French male writers]]
+[[Category:Prisoners of the Bastille]]
+[[Category:Executed writers]]

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