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{{Short description|Indian politician, 1st Chief Minister of Bombay State}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
| name = Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
|image = BG Kher 1989 stamp of India.jpg
| image = BG Kher 1989 stamp of India (cropped).jpg
|office = 1st [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Bombay State]]
| office = 1st [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Bombay State]]
|term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_start = 15 August 1947
|term_end = 21 April 1952
| term_end = 21 April 1952
|governor = [[Raja Maharaj Singh]]
| governor = [[Raja Maharaj Singh]]
|predecessor = ''Office Established'' <br> (Himself as Prime Minister)
| predecessor = ''Office Established'' <br/> (Himself as Prime Minister)
|successor = [[Morarji Desai]]
| successor = [[Morarji Desai]]
|office1 = 1st [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|Prime Minister of Bombay State]]
| office1 = 2nd [[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|Prime Minister of Bombay State]]
|term_start1 = 30 March 1946
| term_start1 = 30 March 1946
|term_end1 = 15 August 1947
| term_end1 = 15 August 1947
|governor1 = [[John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir|John Colville]]
| governor1 = [[John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir|John Colville]]
|predecessor1 = Governor’s Rule
| predecessor1 = Governor's Rule
|successor1 = ''Office Abolished'' <br> (Himself as Chief Minister)
| successor1 = ''Office Abolished'' <br/> (Himself as Chief Minister)
|term_start2 = 1937
| term_start2 = 19 July 1937
|term_end2 = October 1939
| term_end2 = 2 November 1939
| governor2 = [[Robert Duncan Bell]]
|predecessor2 = ''Office Established''
| predecessor2 = [[Dhanjishah Cooper]]
|successor2 = Governors Rule
| successor2 = Governor's Rule
|birth_date = 24 August 1888
| birth_date = 24 August 1888
|birth_place = [[Ratnagiri]], [[British Raj]]
| birth_place = [[Ratnagiri]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|3|8|1888|8|24|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|3|8|1888|8|24|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Pune]], [[India]]
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|alma_mater = [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]]
| alma_mater = [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]]
|profession = Lawyer, Politician, Social Worker, Solicitor
| profession = Lawyer, Politician, Social worker, Solicitor
}}
}}
'''Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher''' (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957<ref name=news1>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/09/stories/2007030900300901.htm |title= This Day That Age|date=9 March 2007|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianautographs.com/productdetail-118153.html |title=Indian autographers – Bal Gangadhar Kher |publisher=Indianautographs.com |date= |accessdate=5 September 2012}}</ref>) was the first chief minister (then called Premier<ref>{{Cite book|title=India's Struggle for Independence |author=Bipan Chandra|publisher=Penguin Global |year=1989|isbn=978-0140107814|location=|page=332|via=}}</ref>) of [[Bombay State]] which consisted of present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] States of [[India]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as "Sajjan", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions.
'''Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher''' (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957<ref name=news1>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/09/stories/2007030900300901.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120302200113/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/09/stories/2007030900300901.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2 March 2012 |title= This Day That Age|date=9 March 2007|work= [[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianautographs.com/productdetail-118153.html |title=Indian autographers – Bal Gangadhar Kher |publisher=Indianautographs.com |access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>) was an Indian politician who served as the prime minister of Bombay (1937–1939, 1946–1947) and the first chief minister (then called Premier<ref>{{Cite book|title=India's Struggle for Independence |author=Bipan Chandra|publisher=Penguin Global |year=1989|isbn=978-0140107814|page=332}}</ref>) of [[Bombay State]] (1947–1952). He was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as "Sajjan", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888 at [[Ratnagiri]] in a middle class [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Karhade Brahmin]]<ref name="google1">{{cite book|author1=Vasant Moon|author2=Eleanor Zelliot|title=Growing Up Untouchable in India: A Dalit Autobiography|url=https://archive.org/details/growingupuntouch00vasa|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-0881-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/growingupuntouch00vasa/page/87 87]–}}</ref> family. He spent some years of his boyhood at [[Kundgol]] in the then [[Jamkhandi]] State. Later, he migrated at the instance of [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] to [[Pune]] to study at the New English School. Later he obtained the degree of B.A. in 1908 from the [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]], with high distinction and received the Bhau Daji Lad prize for standing first in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/B/B.G.KHER|title=B.G. Kher|publisher=Indian Post website}}</ref>
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888 at [[Ratnagiri]] in a middle class [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Karhade Brahmin]]<ref name="google1">{{cite book|author1=Vasant Moon|author2=Eleanor Zelliot|title=Growing Up Untouchable in India: A Dalit Autobiography|url=https://archive.org/details/growingupuntouch00vasa|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-0881-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/growingupuntouch00vasa/page/87 87]–}}</ref> family. He spent some years of his boyhood at [[Kundgol]] in the then [[Jamkhandi]] State. Later, he migrated at the instance of [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] to [[Pune]] to study at the New English School. Later he received a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree with high distinction from [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]] (Mumbai) in 1908, where he was also awarded the [[Bhau Daji Lad]] prize for standing first in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/B/B.G.KHER|title=B.G. Kher|publisher=Indian Post website}}</ref>


Mr. B.G. Kher along with Mr. Manilal Nanavati started a law firm called Manilal Kher & Co. The firm commenced practice on 7 June 1918. The firm was the only firm in Mumbai to have its inauguration ceremony being presided over by the renowned Judge, Mr. Justice Sir Frank C.O. Beaman. The firm's name was then changed to Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mkaco.com/about-us/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503054140/http://www.mkaco.com/about-us/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-03|title=Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co. – Advocates, Solicitors and Notary – About us – History |publisher=Mkaco.com }}</ref>
Kher along with Manilal Nanavati started a firm called Manilal Kher & Co. The firm commenced practice on 7 June 1918. The firm was the only firm in Mumbai to have its inauguration ceremony being presided over by the renowned judge [[Frank Beaman|Sir Frank Beaman]]. The firm's name was then changed to Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mkaco.com/about-us/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503054140/http://www.mkaco.com/about-us/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-03|title=Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co. – Advocates, Solicitors and Notary – About us – History |publisher=Mkaco.com }}</ref>


==Political career==
==Political career==
B. G. Kher's political career began in 1922. He was appointed as the Secretary of the [[Bombay]] branch of the [[Swaraj Party]].<ref name="news1"/> During the [[Civil disobedience movement]], he was arrested and sentenced to eight months' rigorous imprisonment and fine in 1930. He was again arrested in 1932 and sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and fine.
Kher's political career began in 1922. He was appointed as the Secretary of the [[Bombay]] branch of the [[Swaraj Party]].<ref name="news1"/> During the [[Civil disobedience movement]], he was arrested and sentenced to eight months' rigorous imprisonment and fine in 1930. He was again arrested in 1932 and sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and fine.


He became the first Prime Minister of the [[Bombay Province]] in 1937 and continued in office till October 1939. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1940. During the [[Quit India]] struggle, he was arrested again and imprisoned in August 1942. He was released from prison on 14 July 1944.
He became the second Prime Minister of the [[Bombay Province]] succeeding [[Dhanjishah Cooper]] in 1937 and continued in office until November 1939. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1940. During the [[Quit India]] struggle, he was arrested again and imprisoned in August 1942. He was released from prison on 14 July 1944.


He again became the Prime Minister of the Bombay province on 30 March 1946. He was instrumental in the establishment of Poona University (Now called the "[[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]"). A building in the university campus is named after him as "Kher Bhavan." Little Gibbs Road in Malabar Hill area of Mumbai was designated as B.G. Kher Marg in 1976. Kher was in office till 21 April 1952.
He again became the Prime Minister of the Bombay province on 30 March 1946. He was instrumental in the establishment of Poona University (Now called the "[[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]"). A building in the university campus is named after him as "Kher Bhavan." Little Gibbs Road in Malabar Hill area of Mumbai was designated as B.G. Kher Marg in 1976. Kher was in office until 21 April 1952.


Kher was recuperating from an [[asthma]] attack at a private nursing home in [[Pune]] before he died on 8 March 1957.<ref>{{cite newspaper|title=B.G. Kher Passes Away in Poona|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570309&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|accessdate=9 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=9 March 1957|page=5}}</ref>
Kher was recuperating from an [[asthma]] attack at a private nursing home in [[Pune]] before he died on 8 March 1957.<ref>{{cite news|title=B.G. Kher Passes Away in Poona|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570309&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=9 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=9 March 1957|page=5}}</ref>


== Reception==
== Reception==
Kher allotted plots of land in Bandra East to people belonging to the Hindu-Khatik (Scheduled caste) community in 1950–51. That area is known as Kherwadi in his memory. Kher established schools and a hospital, and provided electricity and water supply for people staying in Kherwadi. The Hindu-Khatik community celebrates his birthday at his statue at the Nanda Deep Garden, Kala Nagar, Bandra East.{{cn|date=October 2014}}
Kher allotted plots of land in Bandra East to people belonging to the Hindu-Khatik (Scheduled caste) community in 1950–51. That area is known as Kherwadi in his memory. Kher established schools and a hospital, and provided electricity and water supply for people staying in Kherwadi. The Hindu-Khatik community celebrates his birthday at his statue at the Nanda Deep Garden, Kala Nagar, Bandra East.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}


Declassified MI5 documents were appreciative of Kher and described him as preferable to other political candidates, due to his honesty, sincerity and a preference for the "Anglo" way of administration.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-03/rest-of-world/27888109_1_krishna-menon-indian-high-commissioner-documents |title=Krishna Menon a sick man, say MI5 documents|author=Rashmee Roshan Lall| |date=3 March 2007 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
Declassified MI5 documents were appreciative of Kher and described him as preferable to other political candidates, due to his honesty, sincerity and a preference for the "Anglo" way of administration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Krishna-Menon-a-sick-man-say-MI5-documents/articleshow/1716301.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517110647/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-03-03/rest-of-world/27888109_1_krishna-menon-indian-high-commissioner-documents |url-status=live |archive-date=17 May 2013 |title=Krishna Menon a sick man, say MI5 documents|author=Rashmee Roshan Lall |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 March 2007 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Kamath, M.V. ''B.G. Kher, The Gentleman Premier'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
* Kamath, M.V. ''B.G. Kher, The Gentleman Premier'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
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{{succession box|
{{succession box|
before=Post created|
before=[[Dhanjishah Cooper]]|
title=Prime Minister of [[Bombay Province]]|
title=Prime Minister of [[Bombay Province]]|
years=1937 – October 1939|
years=19 July 1937 – 2 November 1939|
after=Governor's rule
after=Governor's rule
}}
}}
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after=[[Morarji Desai]]
after=[[Morarji Desai]]
}}
}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[V. K. Krishna Menon]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner for India]]|years=1952 - 1954}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kher, Balasaheb Gangadhar}}
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[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ratnagiri]]
[[Category:People from Ratnagiri]]
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[[Category:People from Jamakhandi]]
[[Category:People from Jamakhandi]]
[[Category:Bombay State MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Bombay State MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Swaraj Party politicians]]

Revision as of 18:45, 15 October 2024

Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
1st Chief Minister of Bombay State
In office
15 August 1947 – 21 April 1952
GovernorRaja Maharaj Singh
Preceded byOffice Established
(Himself as Prime Minister)
Succeeded byMorarji Desai
2nd Prime Minister of Bombay State
In office
30 March 1946 – 15 August 1947
GovernorJohn Colville
Preceded byGovernor's Rule
Succeeded byOffice Abolished
(Himself as Chief Minister)
In office
19 July 1937 – 2 November 1939
GovernorRobert Duncan Bell
Preceded byDhanjishah Cooper
Succeeded byGovernor's Rule
Personal details
Born24 August 1888
Ratnagiri, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died8 March 1957(1957-03-08) (aged 68)
Pune, Bombay State, India
Political partyIndian National Congress
Alma materWilson College
ProfessionLawyer, Politician, Social worker, Solicitor

Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957[1][2]) was an Indian politician who served as the prime minister of Bombay (1937–1939, 1946–1947) and the first chief minister (then called Premier[3]) of Bombay State (1947–1952). He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as "Sajjan", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions.

Early life

Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888 at Ratnagiri in a middle class Marathi-speaking Karhade Brahmin[4] family. He spent some years of his boyhood at Kundgol in the then Jamkhandi State. Later, he migrated at the instance of Gopal Krishna Gokhale to Pune to study at the New English School. Later he received a B.A. degree with high distinction from Wilson College (Mumbai) in 1908, where he was also awarded the Bhau Daji Lad prize for standing first in Sanskrit.[5]

Kher along with Manilal Nanavati started a firm called Manilal Kher & Co. The firm commenced practice on 7 June 1918. The firm was the only firm in Mumbai to have its inauguration ceremony being presided over by the renowned judge Sir Frank Beaman. The firm's name was then changed to Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co.[6]

Political career

Kher's political career began in 1922. He was appointed as the Secretary of the Bombay branch of the Swaraj Party.[1] During the Civil disobedience movement, he was arrested and sentenced to eight months' rigorous imprisonment and fine in 1930. He was again arrested in 1932 and sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and fine.

He became the second Prime Minister of the Bombay Province succeeding Dhanjishah Cooper in 1937 and continued in office until November 1939. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1940. During the Quit India struggle, he was arrested again and imprisoned in August 1942. He was released from prison on 14 July 1944.

He again became the Prime Minister of the Bombay province on 30 March 1946. He was instrumental in the establishment of Poona University (Now called the "Savitribai Phule Pune University"). A building in the university campus is named after him as "Kher Bhavan." Little Gibbs Road in Malabar Hill area of Mumbai was designated as B.G. Kher Marg in 1976. Kher was in office until 21 April 1952.

Kher was recuperating from an asthma attack at a private nursing home in Pune before he died on 8 March 1957.[7]

Reception

Kher allotted plots of land in Bandra East to people belonging to the Hindu-Khatik (Scheduled caste) community in 1950–51. That area is known as Kherwadi in his memory. Kher established schools and a hospital, and provided electricity and water supply for people staying in Kherwadi. The Hindu-Khatik community celebrates his birthday at his statue at the Nanda Deep Garden, Kala Nagar, Bandra East.[citation needed]

Declassified MI5 documents were appreciative of Kher and described him as preferable to other political candidates, due to his honesty, sincerity and a preference for the "Anglo" way of administration.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b "This Day That Age". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 March 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012.
  2. ^ "Indian autographers – Bal Gangadhar Kher". Indianautographs.com. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  3. ^ Bipan Chandra (1989). India's Struggle for Independence. Penguin Global. p. 332. ISBN 978-0140107814.
  4. ^ Vasant Moon; Eleanor Zelliot (2001). Growing Up Untouchable in India: A Dalit Autobiography. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-0-7425-0881-1.
  5. ^ "B.G. Kher". Indian Post website.
  6. ^ "Manilal Kher Ambalal & Co. – Advocates, Solicitors and Notary – About us – History". Mkaco.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012.
  7. ^ "B.G. Kher Passes Away in Poona". The Indian Express. 9 March 1957. p. 5. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  8. ^ Rashmee Roshan Lall (3 March 2007). "Krishna Menon a sick man, say MI5 documents". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013.

Further reading

  • Kamath, M.V. B.G. Kher, The Gentleman Premier, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Bombay Province
19 July 1937 – 2 November 1939 		Succeeded by
Governor's rule
Preceded by
Governor's rule
 Prime Minister of Bombay Province
30 March 1946 – 26 January 1950 		Succeeded by
Post abolished
Preceded by
Post created
 Chief Minister of Bombay State
26 January 1950 – 21 April 1952 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by High Commissioner for India
1952 - 1954 		Succeeded by
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