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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
The '''health care system in Kolkata''' consists of 48&nbsp;government hospitals, mostly under the [[Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (West Bengal)|Department of Health & Family Welfare]], Government of West Bengal, and 366&nbsp;private medical establishments during 2010.<ref name=hospital>{{cite web|title=Medical institutions and sanctioned no. of beds in districts of West Bengal as on 31.12.2010|url=http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/Health_Stat/2009_2010/6/Medical_Institutions_sanctioned_no.pdf|publisher=Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal|accessdate=31 January 2012|format=PDF}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The health scenario in Kolkata is better than many other cities in India {{according to whom|date=April 2015}}.
The '''health care system in Kolkata''' consists of 48&nbsp;government hospitals, mostly under the [[Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (West Bengal)|Department of Health & Family Welfare]], Government of West Bengal, and 366&nbsp;private medical establishments during 2010.<ref name=hospital>{{cite web|title=Medical institutions and sanctioned no. of beds in districts of West Bengal as on 31.12.2010|url=http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/Health_Stat/2009_2010/6/Medical_Institutions_sanctioned_no.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173558/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/Health_Stat/2009_2010/6/Medical_Institutions_sanctioned_no.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2018|publisher=Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref>


==Health indicators==
==Health indicators==
According to National Family Health Survey, 2005, only a small proportion of the households are covered under any health scheme or [[health insurance]].<ref name=healthsurvey>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Kamla|title=Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities.|url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/OD58/OD58.pdf|work=National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06.|publisher=International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA|accessdate=1 February 2012 |author2=Arnold, Fred |author3=Lhungdim, H.|location=Mumbai|format=PDF|year=2009}}</ref>{{rp|41}} The [[total fertility rate]] in Kolkata is 1.4, which is the lowest among the cities surveyed.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|45}} In Kolkata, 77 percent of the married women use [[contraceptive]], which is the highest among the cities surveyed; but use of modern contraceptive methods is the lowest (46 percent).<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|47}} [[Infant mortality rate]] in Kolkta is 41 per 1000 live birth, and mortality rate for children below five is 49 per 1000 live birth.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|48}}
According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, only a small proportion of Kolkata households are covered under any health scheme or [[health insurance]].<ref name=healthsurvey>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Kamla|title=Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities.|url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/OD58/OD58.pdf|work=National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06.|publisher=International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA|accessdate=1 February 2012 |author2=Arnold, Fred |author3=Lhungdim, H.|location=Mumbai|year=2009}}</ref>{{rp|41}} The [[total fertility rate]] in Kolkata is 1.4, which is the lowest among the cities surveyed.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|45}} In Kolkata, 77 percent of the married women use [[contraceptive]], which is the highest among the cities surveyed; but use of modern contraceptive methods is the lowest (46 percent).<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|47}} [[Infant mortality rate]] in Kolkata is 41 per 1000 live births, and mortality rate for children below five is 49 per 1000 live births.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|48}}


Among the surveyed cities, Kolkata stands second (5 percent), where the children have not received any vaccination under [[Universal Immunization Programme]].<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|48}} Kolkata stands second among the surveyed cities, with 57 percent of the children between 0 and 71 months has the reach to an ''[[anganwadi]]'' centre under the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (ICDS) programme.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|51}}Percentage of [[malnutrition]], [[anaemia|anemic]] and [[underweight]] children in Kolkata is less in comparison to other surveyed cities.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|54–55}}
Among the surveyed cities, Kolkata stands second (5 percent), where the children have not received any vaccination under [[Universal Immunization Programme]].<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|48}} Kolkata stands second among the surveyed cities, with 57 percent of the children between 0 and 71 months has the reach to an ''[[anganwadi]]'' centre under the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (ICDS) programme.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|51}}Percentage of [[malnutrition]], [[anaemia|anemic]] and [[underweight]] children in Kolkata is less in comparison to other surveyed cities.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|54–55}}


==Diseases==
==Diseases==
About 30 percent of the women and 18 percent of the men in Kolkata are [[obese]].<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|105}} Kolkata has the highest percentage (55 percent) of woman who are having anaemia among the surveyed cities, while 20 percent of the men in Kolkata are anaemic.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|56–57}} Large number of people suffers from diseases like [[diabetes]], [[asthma]], [[goitre]] and other [[Thyroid#Disorders|thyroid disorder]]s.{{rp|57–59}} Tropical diseases like [[malaria]], [[dengue]] and ''[[chikungunya]]'' are prevalent in Kolkata, though their incidence is decreasing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria, dengue down in Kolkata|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-news/malaria-dengue-downkolkata_650908.html|accessdate=31 January 2012|publisher=Money Control|date=13 January 2012}}</ref>
About 30 percent of the women and 18 percent of the men in Kolkata are [[obese]].<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|105}} Kolkata has the highest percentage (55 percent) of woman who are having anaemia among the surveyed cities, while 20 percent of the men in Kolkata are anaemic.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|56–57}} Large number of people suffers from diseases like [[diabetes]], [[asthma]], [[goitre]] and other [[Thyroid#Clinical significance|thyroid disorder]]s.{{rp|57–59}} Tropical diseases like [[malaria]], [[dengue]] and ''[[chikungunya]]'' are prevalent in Kolkata, though their incidence is decreasing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria, dengue down in Kolkata|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-news/malaria-dengue-downkolkata_650908.html|accessdate=31 January 2012|publisher=Money Control|date=13 January 2012}}</ref>


==Health infrastructure==
==Health infrastructure==
As of 2010, there are 48&nbsp;government hospitals, mostly under the [[Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (West Bengal)|Department of Health & Family Welfare]], Government of West Bengal, and 366&nbsp;private medical establishments during 2010.<ref name=hospital/> For every 10,000&nbsp;people in the city, there are 61&nbsp;hospital beds,<ref name=hospital/> which is higher than the national average of 9&nbsp;hospital beds per 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital beds|url=http://apps.who.int/ghodata/cache/global/xls/vid.1860.xls|publisher=World Health Organistation|accessdate=31 January 2012|format=XLS}}</ref> Ten [[Education in Kolkata#Medical Colleges|medical colleges]] are located in the Kolkata metropolitan area which act as [[tertiary referral hospital]]s in the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shah|first=Mansi|title=Waiting for health care: a survey of a public hospital in Kolkata|url=http://ccs.in/ccsindia/downloads/intern-papers-08/Waiting-for-Healthcare-A-survey-of-a-public-hospital-in-Kolkata-Mansi.pdf|publisher=Center for Civil Society|accessdate=31 January 2012|format=PDF|year=2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813070438/http://ccs.in/ccsindia/downloads/intern-papers-08/Waiting-for-Healthcare-A-survey-of-a-public-hospital-in-Kolkata-Mansi.pdf|archivedate=13 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Zakir|first=Husain|title=Socio economic profile of patients In Kolkata: a case study of RG Kar and AMRI|url=http://www.idsk.edu.in/annual-reports/OP-14.pdf|publisher=Institute of Developmental Studies, Kolkata|accessdate=31 January 2012|author2=Ghosh, Saswata|author3=Bijoya Roy|pages=19–20|format=PDF|date=July 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628145759/http://www.idsk.edu.in/annual-reports/OP-14.pdf|archivedate=28 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Calcutta Medical College]], founded in 1835, was the first Asian institution to teach modern medicine.<ref name=calmed>{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050420/asp/careergraph/story_4638691.asp |title = Careergraph / Calcutta Medical College, Calcutta |accessdate= 20 October 2007 |author= Mitra, Dola |date= 20 April 2005
As of 2010, there are 48&nbsp;government hospitals, mostly under the [[Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (West Bengal)|Department of Health & Family Welfare]], Government of West Bengal, and 366&nbsp;private medical establishments during 2010.<ref name=hospital/> For every 10,000&nbsp;people in the city, there are 61&nbsp;hospital beds,<ref name=hospital/> which is higher than the national average of 9&nbsp;hospital beds per 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital beds|url=http://apps.who.int/ghodata/cache/global/xls/vid.1860.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709021137/http://apps.who.int/ghodata/cache/global/xls/vid.1860.xls|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2012|publisher=World Health Organistation|accessdate=31 January 2012|format=XLS}}</ref> Ten [[Education in Kolkata#Medical Colleges|medical colleges]] are located in the Kolkata metropolitan area which act as [[tertiary referral hospital]]s in the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shah|first=Mansi|title=Waiting for health care: a survey of a public hospital in Kolkata|url=http://ccs.in/ccsindia/downloads/intern-papers-08/Waiting-for-Healthcare-A-survey-of-a-public-hospital-in-Kolkata-Mansi.pdf|publisher=Center for Civil Society|accessdate=31 January 2012|year=2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813070438/http://ccs.in/ccsindia/downloads/intern-papers-08/Waiting-for-Healthcare-A-survey-of-a-public-hospital-in-Kolkata-Mansi.pdf|archivedate=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Zakir|first=Husain|title=Socio economic profile of patients in Kolkata: a case study of RG Kar and AMRI|url=http://www.idsk.edu.in/annual-reports/OP-14.pdf|publisher=Institute of Developmental Studies, Kolkata|accessdate=31 January 2012|author2=Ghosh, Saswata|author3=Bijoya Roy|pages=19–20|date=July 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628145759/http://www.idsk.edu.in/annual-reports/OP-14.pdf|archivedate=28 June 2013}}</ref> [[Calcutta Medical College]], founded in 1835, was the first Asian institution to teach modern medicine.<ref name=calmed>{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050420/asp/careergraph/story_4638691.asp |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130105065542/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050420/asp/careergraph/story_4638691.asp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 5 January 2013 |title = Careergraph / Calcutta Medical College, Calcutta |accessdate= 20 October 2007 |author= Mitra, Dola |date= 20 April 2005
|newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref> These facilities are inadequate to meet the healthcare needs of the city.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Prithvijit|title=On hospital floor for 12 days|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-09/kolkata/29400041_1_bed-floor-bike|accessdate=31 January 2012|newspaper=Times of India|date=9 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mamata inducts two new ministers|url=http://www.sify.com/news/mamata-inducts-two-new-ministers-news-national-mbqrkkigffd.html|accessdate=31 January 2012|publisher=Sify|date=16 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata woman gives birth on road, dies after no admission by hospitals|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Kolkata-woman-gives-birth-on-road-dies-after-no-admission-by-hospitals/Article1-796738.aspx|accessdate=31 January 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=13 January 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118125557/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Kolkata-woman-gives-birth-on-road-dies-after-no-admission-by-hospitals/Article1-796738.aspx|archivedate=18 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> More than 78 percent in Kolkata prefer the private medical sector over public medical sector,<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|109}} due to the poor quality of care, the lack of a nearby facility, and excessive waiting times at government facilities.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|61}}
|newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref> These facilities are inadequate to meet the healthcare needs of the city.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Prithvijit|title=On hospital floor for 12 days|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/On-hospital-floor-for-12-days-/articleshow/7921556.cms|access-date=31 January 2012|date=9 April 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710232805/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-09/kolkata/29400041_1_bed-floor-bike|archive-date=10 July 2012|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mamata inducts two new ministers|url=http://www.sify.com/news/mamata-inducts-two-new-ministers-news-national-mbqrkkigffd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509123211/http://www.sify.com/news/mamata-inducts-two-new-ministers-news-national-mbqrkkigffd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2013|accessdate=31 January 2012|website=[[Sify]]|date=16 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata woman gives birth on road, dies after no admission by hospitals|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Kolkata-woman-gives-birth-on-road-dies-after-no-admission-by-hospitals/Article1-796738.aspx|accessdate=31 January 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118125557/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Kolkata-woman-gives-birth-on-road-dies-after-no-admission-by-hospitals/Article1-796738.aspx|archivedate=18 January 2012}}</ref> More than 78 percent in Kolkata prefer the private medical sector over public medical sector,<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|109}} due to the poor quality of care, the lack of a nearby facility, and excessive waiting times at government facilities.<ref name=healthsurvey/>{{rp|61}}


===Medical colleges===
===Medical colleges===


{{col-begin|Charnock Healthcare Institute = The Charnock Healthcare Institute is an Indian based independent educational and scientific research institution created in 15 August 2011 by entrepreneurs Mr Sushil Kumar Mishra(Chairman) and Mr Prashant Sharma(MD) who’s joint effort has lead to its existence. Charnock Healthcare Institute is a unique medical education institute, which will create quality manpower for all levels of healthcare delivery. This is the first such dedicated medical education institution which provides Nursing, Paramedical and Administrative education – all under one roof.}}
{{col-begin|Charnock Healthcare Institute = The Charnock Healthcare Institute is an Indian based independent educational and scientific research institution created in 15 August 2011 by entrepreneurs Mr Sushil Kumar Mishra (chairman) and Mr Prashant Sharma (MD) who’s joint effort has lead to its existence. Charnock Healthcare Institute is a unique medical education institute, which will create quality manpower for all levels of healthcare delivery. This is the first such dedicated medical education institution which provides nursing, paramedical and administrative education – all under one roof.}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
*[[Calcutta Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata]], [[College Street, Kolkata|College Street]]
*[[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]], [[Sealdah]]
*[[R.G.Kar Medical College]]
*[[R.G.Kar Medical College]], [[Belgachia]]
*[[Calcutta National Medical College]]
*[[Calcutta National Medical College]], [[Beniapukur]]
*[[IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital|S.S.K.M. Medical College]]
*[[IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital|S.S.K.M. Medical College]], [[Bhowanipore]]
*[[Sagar Dutta Memorial Medical College and Hospital]], [[Kamarhati]]
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
*[[KPC Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[KPC Medical College and Hospital]], [[Jadavpur]]
*[[Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College]]
*[[Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital]], [[Sealdah]]
*[[Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research]], Panihati
*[[Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research]], [[Panihati]]
*[[Sagar Dutta Memorial Medical College and Hospital]], Kamarhati
*[[College of Medicine & JNM Hospital]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
*[[College of Medicine & JNM Hospital]], Kalyani
*[[Charnock Healthcare Institute]], Kolkata
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}

===Home Health Care and N.R.I. Services===
{{col-begin|With India's rapidly increasing elderly population, a number of home health care, at home medical care and elderly companionship services have been gaining popularity in Kolkata. These services are often paid for or secured by non resident Indians for aging family members, sometimes referred to as N.R.I. or non resident Indian}}
{{col-2}}

* [[Credihealth]]
* CARE CONTINUUM PVT LTD
* DEEP PROBEEN PORISHEBA
* GRACE CARE
* TRIBECA CARE
* JYOTI SEVA KENDRA
* Swasthier Home Health Services

===Tertiary and specialised hospitals===
* Ohio Hospital, Rajarhat Newtown<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohospital.in}}</ref>
* Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Mukundapur
* Apollo Gleneagles Hospital Ltd.
* Advanced Medicare & Research Institute Ltd (AMRI), [[Dhakuria]], Salt Lake
* AMRI Mukundapur
* Tata Medical Center
* Westbank Hospital
* Woodland Hospital
* Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences
* Birla Heart Hospital
* Chittaranjan Cancer Institute
* Ruby Hospital
* Charnock Hospital
* Bellevue Hospital
* Peerless Hospital
* Fortis Hospital
* Desun Hospital
* Zenith Hospital
* Columbia Asia Hospital
* Disha Eye Hospital

===Super-Specialty Hospitals===
* B.R.Singh Hospital-Sealdah-Eastern Railway
* Baghajatin State General Hospital
* Baranagar State General Hospital
* South Suburban Hospital
* [[Bidhannagar Sub-Divisional Hospital|Bidhannagar Sub Divisional Hospital]]
* Bijoygarh State General Hospital
* Gardenreach State General Hospital
* Assembly of God Church
* Anandolok Hospital
* Apex Hospital
* Balananda Bramhachari Hospital
* Belle Vue Hospital
* Bharat Sevashram Sangha Hospital
* B.P. Poddar Hospital & Medical Research Ltd.
* Calcutta Medical Research Institute (CMRI)
* [[Columbia Asia|Columbia Asia Hospital -Salt Lake]]
* [[Desun Hospital and Heart Institute|Desun Hospital & Heart Institute]]
* Dishan Hospital
* Genesis Hospital
* ILS Super Speciality Clinic
* Kothari Medical Centre
* Mayfair Hospital,B.T Road
* North City Hospital & Neuro Institute [ Ultadanga ]
* Peerless Hospital
* Park Clinic
* Phoenix Hospital & Diagonistic Centre Pvt. Ltd.
* Priyamvada Birla Aarvind Eye Hospital
* Renaissance Hospital Private Limited
* RSV Hospital,Tollygounge
* Sankara Nethralaya
* Shahid Khudiram Bose Hospital,Belghoria.
* Shree Aurobindo Seva Kendra, [[Jodhpur Park]]
* Shree Vishudhanand Sarswati Marwari Hospital
* Silverline Eye Hospital
* Sterling Hospital,Shyambazar
* Susrut Eye Foundation & Research Centre


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Healthcare in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Healthcare in Kolkata| ]]

Latest revision as of 19:12, 15 October 2024

The health care system in Kolkata consists of 48 government hospitals, mostly under the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, and 366 private medical establishments during 2010.[1]

Health indicators

[edit]

According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, only a small proportion of Kolkata households are covered under any health scheme or health insurance.[2]: 41  The total fertility rate in Kolkata is 1.4, which is the lowest among the cities surveyed.[2]: 45  In Kolkata, 77 percent of the married women use contraceptive, which is the highest among the cities surveyed; but use of modern contraceptive methods is the lowest (46 percent).[2]: 47  Infant mortality rate in Kolkata is 41 per 1000 live births, and mortality rate for children below five is 49 per 1000 live births.[2]: 48 

Among the surveyed cities, Kolkata stands second (5 percent), where the children have not received any vaccination under Universal Immunization Programme.[2]: 48  Kolkata stands second among the surveyed cities, with 57 percent of the children between 0 and 71 months has the reach to an anganwadi centre under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme.[2]: 51 Percentage of malnutrition, anemic and underweight children in Kolkata is less in comparison to other surveyed cities.[2]: 54–55 

Diseases

[edit]

About 30 percent of the women and 18 percent of the men in Kolkata are obese.[2]: 105  Kolkata has the highest percentage (55 percent) of woman who are having anaemia among the surveyed cities, while 20 percent of the men in Kolkata are anaemic.[2]: 56–57  Large number of people suffers from diseases like diabetes, asthma, goitre and other thyroid disorders.: 57–59  Tropical diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya are prevalent in Kolkata, though their incidence is decreasing.[3]

Health infrastructure

[edit]

As of 2010, there are 48 government hospitals, mostly under the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, and 366 private medical establishments during 2010.[1] For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 61 hospital beds,[1] which is higher than the national average of 9 hospital beds per 10,000.[4] Ten medical colleges are located in the Kolkata metropolitan area which act as tertiary referral hospitals in the state.[5][6] Calcutta Medical College, founded in 1835, was the first Asian institution to teach modern medicine.[7] These facilities are inadequate to meet the healthcare needs of the city.[8][9][10] More than 78 percent in Kolkata prefer the private medical sector over public medical sector,[2]: 109  due to the poor quality of care, the lack of a nearby facility, and excessive waiting times at government facilities.[2]: 61 

Medical colleges

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Medical institutions and sanctioned no. of beds in districts of West Bengal as on 31.12.2010" (PDF). Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gupta, Kamla; Arnold, Fred; Lhungdim, H. (2009). "Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities" (PDF). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  3. ^ "Malaria, dengue down in Kolkata". Money Control. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  4. ^ "Hospital beds". World Health Organistation. Archived from the original (XLS) on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  5. ^ Shah, Mansi (2007). "Waiting for health care: a survey of a public hospital in Kolkata" (PDF). Center for Civil Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  6. ^ Zakir, Husain; Ghosh, Saswata; Bijoya Roy (July 2008). "Socio economic profile of patients in Kolkata: a case study of RG Kar and AMRI" (PDF). Institute of Developmental Studies, Kolkata. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  7. ^ Mitra, Dola (20 April 2005). "Careergraph / Calcutta Medical College, Calcutta". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  8. ^ Mishra, Prithvijit (9 April 2011). "On hospital floor for 12 days". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  9. ^ "Mamata inducts two new ministers". Sify. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  10. ^ "Kolkata woman gives birth on road, dies after no admission by hospitals". Hindustan Times. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
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