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{{Short description|Educational network based in Japan}}
{{Short description|Educational network based in Japan}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{Advert|date=May 2021}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2021}}
{{Copy edit|date=October 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Kumon Institute Education Co.,Ltd.
| name = Kumon Institute Education Co., Ltd.
| logo = File:Kumon Method Logo.svg
| logo = File:Kumon Method Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150
| logo_size = 150
Line 15: Line 11:
| industry = [[Education]]
| industry = [[Education]]
| key_people = Hidenori Ikegami, President
| key_people = Hidenori Ikegami, President
| products = Kumon Math and Kumon Native Language (varies by country)
| products = Kumon Math, and Kumon Languages (varies by country)
| subsid =
| subsid = Kumon América do Sul Instituto de Educação Ltda.
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| homepage = {{URL|https://www.kumon.org}}
Kumon Asia & Oceania Pte. Ltd.
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| homepage = [https://www.kumon.org/ www.kumon.org]
}}
}}
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[[File:Kumon Students.jpg|thumb|Inside a Kumon Center with students studying]]


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[[File:Kumon Students.jpg|thumb|A Kumon center]]
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'''Kumon Institute Education Co. Ltd.''' is an educational network based in Japan and created by [[Toru Kumon]]. It uses his Kumon Method to teach [[mathematics]] and [[Reading (process)|reading]] primarily for young students.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|website= adamsmith.org|year= 2002|title= Around the World in 80 Ideas|publisher= [[Adam Smith Institute]]|access-date= 7 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127010612/http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|archive-date= 27 November 2013|url-status= dead}}</ref>

⚫
'''Kumon Institute of Education Co. Ltd.''' (公文教育研究会, ''Kumon Kyōiku Kenkyūkai'') is an educational network based in Japan and created by [[Toru Kumon]]. It uses his "Kumon Method" to teach [[mathematics]] and [[Reading (process)|reading]], primarily to young students.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|website= adamsmith.org|year= 2002|title= Around the World in 80 Ideas|publisher= [[Adam Smith Institute]]|access-date= 7 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127010612/http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|archive-date= 27 November 2013|url-status= dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Kumon was founded by [[Toru Kumon]], a Japanese educator, in July 1958, when he opened the first Kumon Maths Centre in [[Moriguchi, Osaka|Moriguchi]], [[Osaka]]. Prior to creating the Kumon franchise, Kumon taught at Kochi Municipal High School and Tosa Junior/Senior High School. Inspired by teaching his own son, Takeshi, Kumon developed a curriculum focused on [[Rote learning|rote memorization]].<ref name=Forbes2008>{{cite news|last= Davidson|first= Alex|date= 31 October 2008|title= Sticking to Basics|url= https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html#4fba27f63620|url-status= live|work= [[Forbes]]|location= Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174855/https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html|archive-date = 27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>
Kumon was founded by [[Toru Kumon]], a Japanese educator, in July 1958, when he opened the first Kumon Maths Centre in [[Moriguchi, Osaka|Moriguchi]], [[Osaka]]. Prior to creating the Kumon franchise, Kumon taught at Kochi Municipal High School and Tosa Junior/Senior High School. Inspired by teaching his own son, Takeshi, Kumon developed a curriculum focused on [[Rote learning|rote memorization]].<ref name=Forbes2008>{{cite news|last= Davidson|first= Alex|date= 31 October 2008|title= Sticking to Basics|url= https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html#4fba27f63620|url-status= live|work= [[Forbes]]|location= Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174855/https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html|archive-date = 27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>


Kumon initially grew slowly, only gaining 63,000 students over its first 16 years. However, in 1974, Kumon published a book titled ''The Secret of Kumon Math'', leading to a doubling of its size in the next two years.<ref name=Forbes2008 /> Kumon opened their first United States locations in 1983,<ref name=Rothman1985>{{cite news|last= Rothman|first= Robert|date= 17 May 1989|title= Japanese Drills, Not U.S. Reforms, Make Math a Hit at Alabama School|url= https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1989/05/17/08300039.h08.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|work= [[Education Week]]|location= Bethesda, Maryland, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210919212820/https://www.edweek.org/education/japanese-drills-not-u-s-reforms-make-math-a-hit-at-alabama-school/1989/05|archive-date= 19 September 2021|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref> and by 1985, Kumon reached 1.4 million students.<ref name=Forbes2008 />
Kumon (the company) gained 63,000 students over its first 16 years. In 1974, Kumon published a book titled ''The Secret of Kumon Math'', leading to a doubling of its size in the next two years.<ref name=Forbes2008 /> Kumon opened its first United States locations in 1983,<ref name=Rothman1985>{{cite news|last= Rothman|first= Robert|date= 17 May 1989|title= Japanese Drills, Not U.S. Reforms, Make Math a Hit at Alabama School|url= https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1989/05/17/08300039.h08.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|work= [[Education Week]]|location= Bethesda, Maryland, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210919212820/https://www.edweek.org/education/japanese-drills-not-u-s-reforms-make-math-a-hit-at-alabama-school/1989/05|archive-date= 19 September 2021|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref> and by 1985, Kumon reached 1.4 million students.<ref name=Forbes2008 />


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Kumon attracted national attention in the United States after it was implemented at Sumiton Elementary School, in [[Sumiton]], [[Alabama]].<ref name=Rothman1985 /> Sumiton continued to use the Kumon program through 2001.<ref>{{cite conference |url= https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|url-status= live|title= Using the Kumon Method to Revitalize Mathematics in an Inter-Urban School District|last1= Oakley|first1= Barbara A.|author-link=Barbara Oakley |last2= Lawrence|first2= Doreen|last3= Burt|first3= Walter L.|last4= Boxley|first4= Broderick|last5= Kobus|first5= Christopher J.|date= 22 June 2003|publisher= [[American Society for Engineering Education]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611164858/https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|archive-date= 11 June 2020|book-title= Developing Young MINDs|pages= 8.1262.1{{ndash}}8.1262.13|location= Nashville, Tennessee|conference= American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition|conference-url= https://strategy.asee.org/collections/8|doi= 10.18260/1-2--12407|access-date= 19 September 2021|doi-access= free}}</ref>
Kumon soon added more educational subjects, leading them to change their name from Kumon Institute of Mathematics to Kumon Institute of Education. At this point, the first Kumon Logo was created. In 1985, Kumon's success lead to an increase in enrollments.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}


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In 2008, Kumon had over 26,000 centers around the globe with over 4 million registered students.<ref>{{cite news|title= Kumon Celebrates 50th Anniversary|date= 25 February 2008|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210035/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|archive-date= 27 August 2018|work= [[Business Wire]]|publisher= [[Berkshire Hathaway]]|publication-place= San Francisco, California, U.S.|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref> In 2018, there were 410,000 students enrolled in 2,200 centers across the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title= Kumon Franchise Receives "Best of the Best" Recognition from Entrepreneur Magazine for the 20th Time|date= 10 May 2018|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|author= <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.-->|url= https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|url-status= live|publisher= [[PR Newswire]]|publication-place= New York City, New York, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174001/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|archive-date=27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>
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Kumon attracted national attention in the United States after it was implemented at Sumiton Elementary School, in [[Sumiton]], [[Alabama]]. This was the first instance in which an American school integrated the Kumon Math Method into the regular K–4 mathematics curriculum.<ref name=Rothman1985 /> Sumiton continued to use the Kumon program through 2001, and influenced other schools to also adopt the Kumon method in their curriculum.<ref>{{cite conference |url= https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|url-status= live|title= Using the Kumon Method to Revitalize Mathematics in an Inter-Urban School District|last1= Oakley|first1= Barbara A.|author-link=Barbara Oakley |last2= Lawrence|first2= Doreen|last3= Burt|first3= Walter L.|last4= Boxley|first4= Broderick|last5= Kobus|first5= Christopher J.|date= 22 June 2003|publisher= [[American Society for Engineering Education]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611164858/https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|archive-date= 11 June 2020|book-title= Developing Young MINDs|pages= 8.1262.1{{ndash}}8.1262.13|location= Nashville, Tennessee|conference= American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition|conference-url= https://strategy.asee.org/collections/8|doi= 10.18260/1-2--12407|access-date= 19 September 2021|doi-access= free}}</ref>


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In North America, Kumon began a "Junior Kumon" program in 2001, targeted at children aged 2–5 years old.<ref name=Zernike2011>{{cite news|last= Zernike|first= Kate|date= 13 May 2011|title= Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten?|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|url-status=live|url-access= limited|work= [[The New York Times]]|issn= 0362-4331|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181121165851/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|archive-date= 21 November 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>
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As of 2008, Kumon had over 26,000 centres around the globe with over 4 million registered students.<ref>{{cite news|title= Kumon Celebrates 50th Anniversary|date= 25 February 2008|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210035/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|archive-date= 27 August 2018|work= [[Business Wire]]|publisher= [[Berkshire Hathaway]]|publication-place= San Francisco, California, U.S.|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref> As of 2018, there were 410,000 students enrolled in 2,200 centers across the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title= Kumon Franchise Receives "Best of the Best" Recognition from Entrepreneur Magazine for the 20th Time|date= 10 May 2018|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|author= <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.-->|url= https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|url-status= live|publisher= [[PR Newswire]]|publication-place= New York City, New York, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174001/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|archive-date=27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>


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==Kumon method==
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Kumon produced Baby Kumon in Japan in 2012, a tutoring program targeted for children between 1–2 years old. Baby Kumon hasn't been utilized in most Kumon Centres in other countries outside Japan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kumongroup.com/eng/world/ |title=Spreading Globally |website=Kumon |publisher=Kumon Institute of Education Co., Ltd.}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2021}} In North America, Kumon began a "Junior Kumon" program in 2001, targeted at children aged 2–5 years old.<ref name=Zernike2011>{{cite news|last= Zernike|first= Kate|date= 13 May 2011|title= Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten?|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|url-status=live|url-access= limited|work= [[The New York Times]]|issn= 0362-4331|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181121165851/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|archive-date= 21 November 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018}}</ref>
⚫
Kumon is an enrichment or remedial program, where instructors and assistants tailor specific instructions for individual students.<ref>{{cite news|last= Singer|first= Penny|date= 14 March 1999|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|title= Franchise Learning Centers Offer Mastery|website= [[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911072727/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|archive-date= 11 September 2017|access-date= 22 September 2020}}</ref>


⚫
All Kumon programs are pencil-and-worksheet-based, with a digital program that started in 2023. The worksheets increase in difficulty in small increments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kumon Method |url=https://www.kumon.org/our-method/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Kumon |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How do Kumon's Virtual and In-Person Classes Work? |url=https://www.kumon.com/resources/how-do-kumons-in-person-and-virtual-classes-work/#:~:text=Kumon%20is%20a%20daily%20program,complete%20the%20work%20at%20home. |access-date=January 25, 2023 |website=Kumon}}</ref>
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==Kumon method of learning==
[[File:Kumon-pencils-eraser.JPG|thumb|Pencils and an eraser with the Kumon logo]]
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Kumon is an enrichment or remedial program,<ref>{{cite news|last= Singer|first= Penny|date= 14 March 1999|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|title= Franchise Learning Centers Offer Mastery|website= [[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911072727/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|archive-date= 11 September 2017|access-date= 22 September 2020}}</ref> where instructors and assistants tailor instruction for individual students.


⚫
Psychologist Kathy Hirsh-Pasek says that using such techniques for 2 to 4-year-olds "does not give your child a leg up on anything".<ref name="Zernike2011" /> One study has observed a high percentage of efficacy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ukai |first=Nancy |date=1994 |title=The Kumon Approach to Teaching and Learning |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/132785 |journal=Journal of Japanese Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=87–113 |doi=10.2307/132785 |jstor=132785 |issn=0095-6848}}</ref>
Each student is given an initial assessment of their abilities called the Kumon Diagnostic Test. Each test has 20–60 questions. Based on the results and the student's [[study skills]], a Kumon Instructor creates an individualized study plan.

Students commonly begin Kumon at an easy starting point to build study habits, concentration and a strong understanding of the fundamental topics. As students progress, Kumon instructors raise the difficulty level to challenge the students so they remain motivated, but not so high as to discourage them.

The study plan is regularly updated by the Kumon instructor to match the ability of each student. Students advance to the next level after they complete a mastery test of speed and accuracy. Students do not pass or fail the mastery test, but are given chances to practice and retake the exam until they have demonstrated a sound understanding of the material.

Kumon has two core programs, the Kumon Math and Kumon Native Language Programs. There are also Kumon Japanese and Kumon Kokugo courses for Japanese language speakers, and a Pencil Skills Program for younger students.

⚫
All Kumon programs are pencil-and-worksheet-based. The worksheets increase in difficulty in small increments. The program recommends that students study 30 minutes per subject on their own for five days of the week, and visit their local Kumon Center or attend a virtual class the other two days.<ref>Ltd, P. J. W. S. (n.d.). The kumon method. Kumon. Retrieved February 15, 2022, from https://www.kumon.org/our-method/ </ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How do Kumon's Virtual and In-Person Classes Work? |url=https://www.kumon.com/resources/how-do-kumons-in-person-and-virtual-classes-work/#:~:text=Kumon%20is%20a%20daily%20program,complete%20the%20work%20at%20home. |url-status=live |access-date=January 25, 2023 |website=Kumon}}</ref>

==Programs==
{{Third-party|section|date=September 2021}}
===Mathematics program===
As a high school mathematics teacher, Mr. Kumon understood that an understanding of calculus was essential for Japanese university entrance exams so in writing worksheets for his son, Mr. Kumon focused on all the topics needed for a strong understanding of calculus starting from the basics of counting. Kumon students do not use calculators and solve all problems using mental calculation. Kumon tutoring is in a group of 6 students to one tutor. A student is known as a Kumon Completer once they reach the final level of the Kumon Math or Kumon Native Language program.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Maths Program |url = http://www.kumon.co.uk/private-tuition/maths-for-children/index.htm |website=Kumon |publisher=Kumon Europe & Africa Limited |access-date = 2016-04-14}}</ref>

===Reading program===
The Kumon Native Language Programs are designed to expose students to a broad range of texts and develop the skill of [[reading comprehension]]. A number of Kumon Centres also use audio CDs to help students with pronunciation. (Note: Levels vary slightly by country){{Clarify|reason=What countries?|date=September 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web|title = Improve Reading Skills & Comprehension {{!}} Reading Program for Kids|url = http://www.kumon.com/reading.aspx|website = Kumon |publisher=Kumon North America, Inc. |access-date = 2015-05-31}}</ref> Kumon is also beginning to develop non-Native language programs more extensively. For example, in Spain, Mexico, and the South American countries that have Kumon Math programs, English will be added as a second language over the coming year.{{Year needed|date=May 2021}}

==Criticism==
{{One source|section|date=May 2021}}
⚫
Psychologist Kathy Hirsh-Pasek claims that using such techniques, when used in 2, 3, and 4-year-olds, "does not give your child a leg up on anything".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zernike |first=Kate |date=2011-05-13 |title=Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> However, studies have shown a high percentage of efficacy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ukai |first=Nancy |date=1994 |title=The Kumon Approach to Teaching and Learning |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/132785 |journal=Journal of Japanese Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=87–113 |doi=10.2307/132785 |jstor=132785 |issn=0095-6848}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 70: Line 45:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Official website|name=Kumon global official website}}
*{{Official website}}
*[https://www.kumongroup.com/eng/world/ Kumon Group official website]
*[https://www.kumon.ne.jp/ Kumon Japan website (in Japanese)]

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 19:51, 15 October 2024

For other uses, see Kumon (disambiguation).
Kumon Institute Education Co., Ltd.
Company typePrivate
IndustryEducation
Founded11 July 1958
FounderToru Kumon
Key people
Hidenori Ikegami, President
ProductsKumon Math, and Kumon Languages (varies by country)
Websitewww.kumon.org
A Kumon center

Kumon Institute of Education Co. Ltd. (公文教育研究会, Kumon Kyōiku Kenkyūkai) is an educational network based in Japan and created by Toru Kumon. It uses his "Kumon Method" to teach mathematics and reading, primarily to young students.[1]

History

[edit]

Kumon was founded by Toru Kumon, a Japanese educator, in July 1958, when he opened the first Kumon Maths Centre in Moriguchi, Osaka. Prior to creating the Kumon franchise, Kumon taught at Kochi Municipal High School and Tosa Junior/Senior High School. Inspired by teaching his own son, Takeshi, Kumon developed a curriculum focused on rote memorization.[2]

Kumon (the company) gained 63,000 students over its first 16 years. In 1974, Kumon published a book titled The Secret of Kumon Math, leading to a doubling of its size in the next two years.[2] Kumon opened its first United States locations in 1983,[3] and by 1985, Kumon reached 1.4 million students.[2]

Kumon attracted national attention in the United States after it was implemented at Sumiton Elementary School, in Sumiton, Alabama.[3] Sumiton continued to use the Kumon program through 2001.[4]

In 2008, Kumon had over 26,000 centers around the globe with over 4 million registered students.[5] In 2018, there were 410,000 students enrolled in 2,200 centers across the United States.[6]

In North America, Kumon began a "Junior Kumon" program in 2001, targeted at children aged 2–5 years old.[7]

Kumon method

[edit]

Kumon is an enrichment or remedial program, where instructors and assistants tailor specific instructions for individual students.[8]

All Kumon programs are pencil-and-worksheet-based, with a digital program that started in 2023. The worksheets increase in difficulty in small increments.[9][10]

Psychologist Kathy Hirsh-Pasek says that using such techniques for 2 to 4-year-olds "does not give your child a leg up on anything".[7] One study has observed a high percentage of efficacy.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Around the World in 80 Ideas". adamsmith.org. Adam Smith Institute. 2002. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  2. ^ a b c Davidson, Alex (31 October 2008). "Sticking to Basics". Forbes. Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b Rothman, Robert (17 May 1989). "Japanese Drills, Not U.S. Reforms, Make Math a Hit at Alabama School". Education Week. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  4. ^ Oakley, Barbara A.; Lawrence, Doreen; Burt, Walter L.; Boxley, Broderick; Kobus, Christopher J. (22 June 2003). "Using the Kumon Method to Revitalize Mathematics in an Inter-Urban School District" (PDF). Developing Young MINDs. American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition. Nashville, Tennessee: American Society for Engineering Education. pp. 8.1262.1–8.1262.13. doi:10.18260/1-2--12407. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  5. ^ Written at Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S. "Kumon Celebrates 50th Anniversary". Business Wire. San Francisco, California, U.S.: Berkshire Hathaway. 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  6. ^ Written at Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S. "Kumon Franchise Receives "Best of the Best" Recognition from Entrepreneur Magazine for the 20th Time". New York City, New York, U.S: PR Newswire. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  7. ^ a b Zernike, Kate (13 May 2011). "Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  8. ^ Singer, Penny (14 March 1999). "Franchise Learning Centers Offer Mastery". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  9. ^ "The Kumon Method". Kumon. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  10. ^ "How do Kumon's Virtual and In-Person Classes Work?". Kumon. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  11. ^ Ukai, Nancy (1994). "The Kumon Approach to Teaching and Learning". Journal of Japanese Studies. 20 (1): 87–113. doi:10.2307/132785. ISSN 0095-6848. JSTOR 132785.
[edit]
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