Brother XII: Difference between revisions

Edward Wilson
Edward Wilson
Born	Edward Arthur Wilson; July 26, 1878; Birmingham, England, U.K.
Died	7 November 1934 (aged 56); Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Other names	Brother XII
Years active	1927-1934
Known for	Founder and leader of the Cult of Brother XII
Partner	Mabel Skottowe

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Edward Arthur Wilson (25 July 1878 - 7 November 1934), better known as Brother XII, was an English mystic who, in the late 1920s, founded a spiritual community located just south of the city of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada.

Early life

Wilson was born in Birmingham, England, into a religious family. He later claimed that during his childhood he was visited by angels.^[1]

Career

Wilson travelled the world as a mariner, first visiting Canada in 1905.^[1] He studied world religions, preparing himself, by his own account, for a destiny that was revealed to him in a vision in the South of France in the autumn of 1924. He soon attracted a devoted following, including a group of wealthy and socially prominent individuals.^[2]

Having taken the name Brother XII, he established the Aquarian Foundation in 1927.^[3] The group's beliefs were based largely upon the teachings of the Theosophical Society.^[4] He published two booklets, The Three Truths and Foundation Letters and Teachings, which explained his ideas and encouraged readers to donate money to his cause and to build homes in the colony, Cedar-by-the-Sea, which he was setting up near Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.^[5] With the goal of creating a self-sufficient community independent of the outside world, the Foundation acquired additional property on nearby Valdes and De Courcy Islands, largely through the donations of a wealthy socialite named Mary Connally from Asheville, North Carolina. Other followers gave donations, large and small, to support Brother XII's work as a spiritual teacher, as well as his political activity in support of a Democratic Senator from Alabama, James Thomas Heflin, who ultimately supported Herbert Hoover but was for a while a third-party candidate in the 1928 presidential election in the United States.^[2]

An insurrection developed within the ranks of the colony when Brother XII's critics charged that he had claimed to be the reincarnation of the Egyptian god Osiris, though he replied that he had been speaking figuratively, that Osiris and Isis were male and female principles in Nature. Still, Brother XII's misuse of Foundation funds and his extramarital affair with a woman who he claimed was his soul-mate led to the breakup of the colony. The Aquarian Foundation was legally dissolved in 1929, though he continued his work with the followers who had remained loyal to him during the crisis, as well as a number of new recruits.^[6]

As time passed, Brother XII became increasingly dictatorial and paranoid, fortifying his island kingdom and reportedly accumulating a fortune in gold.^[7] His mistress, Mabel Skottowe, née Rowbotham (under the name "Madame Z"), worked the members without respite, the tasks given being considered tests of their fitness to advance spiritually. One man who had been imprisoned in a cellar on the northern end of Valdes Island managed to row to Nanaimo to report the circumstances to the British Columbia Provincial Police, who investigated, but took no further action. Eventually, as conditions deteriorated, Brother XII's core group of disciples revolted and filed legal actions against him to recover the money they had contributed to his work.^[8]^[9] In a violent reaction, he destroyed the colony, smashing its buildings and farm equipment, and scuttling his flagship, the sailboat Lady Royal.

Wilson and Skottowe then escaped in their private tugboat, the Kheunaten, rather than appear in court to answer the charges brought by their former disciples.^[10] By 1932 they had fled to Europe, and were reported to have taken a large amount of gold with them.^[11] Wilson is reported to have died in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, on 7 November 1934,^[12] though he may have fabricated his death.^[13] He may have subsequently met his lawyer in San Francisco, whose son has provided an eyewitness account of the meeting.

References

^ ^a ^b John Marlowe (6 August 2009). Canadian Mysteries of the Unexplained: Investigations Into the Fantastic, the Bizarre and the Disturbing. Arcturus Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-84858-134-0.
^ ^a ^b Stephen Ruttan (1 April 2014). Vancouver Island Scoundrels, Eccentrics and Originals: Tales from the Library Vault. Touchwood Editions. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-1-77151-073-8.
^ British Columbia Library Quarterly. Vol. 29–30. 1965. p. 67.
^ Toby Widdicombe; James M. Morris; Andrea Kross (21 June 2017). Historical Dictionary of Utopianism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-5381-0217-6.
^ MacMillan, Neil (February 14, 1987). "Wardill recalls Brother XII". Nanaimo Daily News. p. 3.
^ Patrick Watson (2003). The Canadians: Biographies of a Nation hlœni18. McArthur. p. 572. ISBN 978-1-55278-390-0.
^ Howard Macdonald Stewart (30 September 2017). Views of the Salish Sea: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Change around the Strait of Georgia. Harbour Publishing Company Limited. p. 424. ISBN 978-1-55017-804-3.
^ Harrison, Victor Birch (1968). The Brother XII Affair (Speech). Nanaimo Historical Society Meeting. Nanaimo, B.C. Retrieved from VIUSpace.
^ Jean Barman (22 June 2017). The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia. University of Toronto Press. p. 331. ISBN 978-1-4875-1673-4.
^ Shanon Sinn (10 October 2017). The Haunting of Vancouver Island. TouchWood Editions. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-77151-244-2.
^ Donald Luxton (2003). Building the West: The Early Architects of British Columbia. Talonbooks. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-88922-474-2.
^ Essays on Canadian Writing. York University. 1984. p. 131.
^ Johnson, Paul; Azpiri, Jon (May 12, 2019). "'He could look into your soul': The bizarre mystery behind a B.C. cult leader and his missing gold". Global News. Retrieved 2022-07-23.

External links

Historica Canada (13 March 2015). "The Canadians: Brother Twelve". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
John Oliphant, “WILSON, EDWARD ARTHUR (Brother XII; The Brother, XII; Brother Twelve; Amiel de Valdes),” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 16, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed March 23, 2022, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wilson_edward_arthur_16E.html.

[Marlowe2009-1] John Marlowe (6 August 2009). Canadian Mysteries of the Unexplained: Investigations Into the Fantastic, the Bizarre and the Disturbing. Arcturus Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-84858-134-0.

[Ruttan2014-2] Stephen Ruttan (1 April 2014). Vancouver Island Scoundrels, Eccentrics and Originals: Tales from the Library Vault. Touchwood Editions. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-1-77151-073-8.

[3] British Columbia Library Quarterly. Vol. 29–30. 1965. p. 67.

[WiddicombeMorris2017-4] Toby Widdicombe; James M. Morris; Andrea Kross (21 June 2017). Historical Dictionary of Utopianism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-5381-0217-6.

[5] MacMillan, Neil (February 14, 1987). "Wardill recalls Brother XII". Nanaimo Daily News. p. 3.

[Watson2003-6] Patrick Watson (2003). The Canadians: Biographies of a Nation hlœni18. McArthur. p. 572. ISBN 978-1-55278-390-0.

[Stewart2017-7] Howard Macdonald Stewart (30 September 2017). Views of the Salish Sea: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Change around the Strait of Georgia. Harbour Publishing Company Limited. p. 424. ISBN 978-1-55017-804-3.

[8] Harrison, Victor Birch (1968). The Brother XII Affair (Speech). Nanaimo Historical Society Meeting. Nanaimo, B.C. Retrieved from VIUSpace.

[Barman2017-9] Jean Barman (22 June 2017). The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia. University of Toronto Press. p. 331. ISBN 978-1-4875-1673-4.

[Sinn2017-10] Shanon Sinn (10 October 2017). The Haunting of Vancouver Island. TouchWood Editions. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-77151-244-2.

[Luxton2003-11] Donald Luxton (2003). Building the West: The Early Architects of British Columbia. Talonbooks. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-88922-474-2.

[12] Essays on Canadian Writing. York University. 1984. p. 131.

[13] Johnson, Paul; Azpiri, Jon (May 12, 2019). "'He could look into your soul': The bizarre mystery behind a B.C. cult leader and his missing gold". Global News. Retrieved 2022-07-23.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British mystic (1878–1934)}}
 {{Infobox person
 | name          = Edward Wilson
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 ==Career==
-Wilson travelled the world as a mariner, first visiting Canada in 1905.<ref name="Marlowe2009"/> He studied world religions, preparing himself, by his own account, for a destiny that was revealed to him in a vision in the South of France in the autumn of 1924. He soon attracted a devoted following, including a group of wealthy and socially prominent individuals.<ref name="Ruttan2014">{{cite book |author=Stephen Ruttan |title=Vancouver Island Scoundrels, Eccentrics and Originals: Tales from the Library Vault |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4WWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=Touchwood Editions |isbn=978-1-77151-073-8 |page=63-65}}</ref>
+Wilson travelled the world as a mariner, first visiting Canada in 1905.<ref name="Marlowe2009"/> He studied world religions, preparing himself, by his own account, for a destiny that was revealed to him in a vision in the South of France in the autumn of 1924. He soon attracted a devoted following, including a group of wealthy and socially prominent individuals.<ref name="Ruttan2014">{{cite book |author=Stephen Ruttan |title=Vancouver Island Scoundrels, Eccentrics and Originals: Tales from the Library Vault |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4WWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=Touchwood Editions |isbn=978-1-77151-073-8 |pages=63–65}}</ref>
-Having taken the name Brother XII, he established the Aquarian Foundation in 1927.<ref>{{cite book |title=British Columbia Library Quarterly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZggAQAAIAAJ |volume=29-30 |year=1965 |page=67}}</ref> The group's beliefs were based largely upon the teachings of the [[Theosophical Society]].<ref name="WiddicombeMorris2017">{{cite book |author1=Toby Widdicombe |author2=James M. Morris |author3=Andrea Kross |title=Historical Dictionary of Utopianism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQolDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |date=21 June 2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-5381-0217-6 |page=52}}</ref> He published two booklets, ''The Three Truths'' and ''Foundation Letters and Teachings'', which explained his ideas and encouraged readers to donate money to his cause and to build homes in the colony, Cedar-by-the-Sea, which he was setting up near Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.<ref name="Cross">{{cite book |author=Colleen Cross |title=Katerina Carter Fraud Thrillers: Three Bestselling Legal Thriller Books from a Master of Psychological Suspense: A Killer Crime Thriller Best Seller Box Set |date=4 January 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGs9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT850 |publisher=Slice Publishing |isbn=978-0-9948462-6-6 |page=850}}</ref> With the goal of creating a self-sufficient community independent of the outside world, the Foundation acquired additional property on nearby [[Valdes Island|Valdes]] and [[De Courcy Island]]s, largely through the donations of a wealthy socialite named Mary Connally from [[Asheville, North Carolina]]. Other followers gave donations, large and small, to support Brother XII's work as a spiritual teacher, as well as his political activity in support of a Democratic Senator from Alabama, [[James Thomas Heflin]], who ultimately supported [[Herbert Hoover]] but was for a while a third-party candidate in the [[1928 presidential election]] in the United States.<ref name="Ruttan2014" />
+Having taken the name Brother XII, he established the Aquarian Foundation in 1927.<ref>{{cite book |title=British Columbia Library Quarterly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZggAQAAIAAJ |volume=29-30 |year=1965 |page=67}}</ref> The group's beliefs were based largely upon the teachings of the [[Theosophical Society]].<ref name="WiddicombeMorris2017">{{cite book |author1=Toby Widdicombe |author2=James M. Morris |author3=Andrea Kross |title=Historical Dictionary of Utopianism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQolDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |date=21 June 2017 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-5381-0217-6 |page=52}}</ref> He published two booklets, ''The Three Truths'' and ''Foundation Letters and Teachings'', which explained his ideas and encouraged readers to donate money to his cause and to build homes in the colony, Cedar-by-the-Sea, which he was setting up near Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=Nanaimo Daily News | date=February 14, 1987 | page=3 | last=MacMillan | first=Neil | title=Wardill recalls Brother XII | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/nanaimo-daily-news-broxii-nanaimo/130053706/}}</ref> With the goal of creating a self-sufficient community independent of the outside world, the Foundation acquired additional property on nearby [[Valdes Island|Valdes]] and [[De Courcy Island]]s, largely through the donations of a wealthy socialite named Mary Connally from [[Asheville, North Carolina]]. Other followers gave donations, large and small, to support Brother XII's work as a spiritual teacher, as well as his political activity in support of a Democratic Senator from Alabama, [[James Thomas Heflin]], who ultimately supported [[Herbert Hoover]] but was for a while a third-party candidate in the [[1928 presidential election]] in the United States.<ref name="Ruttan2014" />
 An insurrection developed within the ranks of the colony when Brother XII's critics charged that he had claimed to be the [[reincarnation]] of the [[Egypt]]ian god [[Osiris]], though he replied that he had been speaking figuratively, that Osiris and [[Isis]] were male and female principles in Nature. Still, Brother XII's misuse of Foundation funds and his extramarital affair with a woman who he claimed was his soul-mate led to the breakup of the colony. The Aquarian Foundation was legally dissolved in 1929, though he continued his work with the followers who had remained loyal to him during the crisis, as well as a number of new recruits.<ref name="Watson2003">{{cite book |author=Patrick Watson |title=The Canadians: Biographies of a Nation hlœni18|url=https://archive.org/details/canadiansbiograp0000wats_q4k7 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=McArthur |isbn=978-1-55278-390-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/canadiansbiograp0000wats_q4k7/page/572 572]}}</ref>
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 As time passed, Brother XII became increasingly dictatorial and paranoid, fortifying his island kingdom and reportedly accumulating a fortune in gold.<ref name="Stewart2017">{{cite book |author=Howard Macdonald Stewart |title=Views of the Salish Sea: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Change around the Strait of Georgia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xv01DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424 |date=30 September 2017 |publisher=Harbour Publishing Company Limited |isbn=978-1-55017-804-3 |page=424}}</ref> His mistress, Mabel Skottowe, née Rowbotham (under the name "Madame Z"), worked the members without respite, the tasks given being considered tests of their fitness to advance spiritually. One man who had been imprisoned in a cellar on the northern end of [[Valdes Island]] managed to row to [[Nanaimo]] to report the circumstances to the [[British Columbia Provincial Police]], who investigated, but took no further action. Eventually, as conditions deteriorated, Brother XII's core group of disciples revolted and filed legal actions against him to recover the money they had contributed to his work.<ref>Harrison, Victor Birch (1968). ''The Brother XII Affair'' (Speech). Nanaimo Historical Society Meeting. Nanaimo, B.C. Retrieved from [https://viurrspace.ca/handle/10613/232 VIUSpace].</ref><ref name="Barman2017">{{cite book |author=Jean Barman |title=The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWspDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA331 |date=22 June 2017 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4875-1673-4 |page=331}}</ref> In a violent reaction, he destroyed the colony, smashing its buildings and farm equipment, and scuttling his [[flagship]], the sailboat ''Lady Royal''.
-Wilson and Skottowe then escaped in their private tugboat, the ''Kheunaten'', rather than appear in court to answer the charges brought by their former disciples.<ref name="Sinn2017">{{cite book |author=Shanon Sinn |title=The Haunting of Vancouver Island |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119 |date=10 October 2017 |publisher=TouchWood Editions |isbn=978-1-77151-244-2 |page=119}}</ref> By 1932 they had fled to Europe, and were reported to have taken a large amount of gold with them.<ref name="Luxton2003">{{cite book |author=Donald Luxton |title=Building the West: The Early Architects of British Columbia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_82AQAAIAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Talonbooks |isbn=978-0-88922-474-2 |page=291}}</ref> Wilson is reported to have died in [[Neuchâtel]], Switzerland, on 7 November 1934,<ref>{{cite book |title=Essays on Canadian Writing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwMaAAAAIAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=York University |page=131}}</ref> though he may have fabricated his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5264892/brother-xii-gold/|title=‘He could look into your soul’: The bizarre mystery behind a B.C. cult leader and his missing gold|first1=Paul|last1=Johnson|first2=Jon|last2=Azpiri|publisher=[[Global News]]|date=May 12, 2019|access-date=2022-07-23}}</ref> He may have subsequently met his lawyer in San Francisco, whose son has provided an eyewitness account of the meeting.
+Wilson and Skottowe then escaped in their private tugboat, the ''Kheunaten'', rather than appear in court to answer the charges brought by their former disciples.<ref name="Sinn2017">{{cite book |author=Shanon Sinn |title=The Haunting of Vancouver Island |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119 |date=10 October 2017 |publisher=TouchWood Editions |isbn=978-1-77151-244-2 |page=119}}</ref> By 1932 they had fled to Europe, and were reported to have taken a large amount of gold with them.<ref name="Luxton2003">{{cite book |author=Donald Luxton |title=Building the West: The Early Architects of British Columbia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_82AQAAIAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Talonbooks |isbn=978-0-88922-474-2 |page=291}}</ref> Wilson is reported to have died in [[Neuchâtel]], Switzerland, on 7 November 1934,<ref>{{cite book |title=Essays on Canadian Writing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwMaAAAAIAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=York University |page=131}}</ref> though he may have fabricated his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5264892/brother-xii-gold/|title='He could look into your soul': The bizarre mystery behind a B.C. cult leader and his missing gold|first1=Paul|last1=Johnson|first2=Jon|last2=Azpiri|publisher=[[Global News]]|date=May 12, 2019|access-date=2022-07-23}}</ref> He may have subsequently met his lawyer in San Francisco, whose son has provided an eyewitness account of the meeting.
 ==Further reading==
 * {{Citation |last=Oliphant |first=John |title=Brother XII: The Strange Odyssey of a 20th-century Prophet and His Quest for a New World |publisher=Twelfth House Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-9780972-0-3}}
-* {{cite web |last=Oliphant |first=John |title=Brother Twelve |work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brother-twelve/ |access-date=12 September 2007}}
+* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Oliphant |first=John |title=Brother Twelve |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brother-twelve/ |access-date=12 September 2007}}
 * {{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Moss |title=Searching for Brother XII: The story of Nanaimo's infamous cult leader |url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/docproject/encore-searching-for-brother-xii-the-story-of-nanaimo-s-infamous-cult-leader-1.3389041 |work=CBC Radio |format=Audio |date=29 August 2016 |access-date=1 May 2017}}
 * {{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Moss |title=The Dream of Brother XII |url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-dream-of-brother-xii-1.3500955 |work=CBC Radio |format=Audio |date=22 March 2016 |access-date=1 May 2017 }}
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 ==External links==
 * {{cite news |author=Historica Canada |title=The Canadians: Brother Twelve |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5MG6xUQlCQ  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/U5MG6xUQlCQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|work=YouTube |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=22 March 2018}}{{cbignore}}
 * John Oliphant, “WILSON, EDWARD ARTHUR (Brother XII; The Brother, XII; Brother Twelve; Amiel de Valdes),” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 16, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed March 23, 2022, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wilson_edward_arthur_16E.html.
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Brother 12}}
@@ Line 61: / Line 63: @@
 [[Category:Religion in the Pacific Northwest]]
 [[Category:20th-century mystics]]
+[[Category:British founders]]
+[[Category:Canadian founders]]

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