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{{short description|Baptist body in Texas}}
{{short description|Baptist body in Texas}}
{{ distinguish|Southern Baptists of Texas Convention}}
{{For|the conservative association which split off from the BGCT|Southern Baptists of Texas Convention}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
|name=Baptist General Convention of Texas
|image=Texas Baptists logo.png
|imagewidth=150px
|caption=
|abbreviation=
|main_classification=[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Christianity]]
|orientation=
|scripture=[[Christian Bible|Bible]]
|theology=[[Baptists|Baptist]]
|polity=[[Congregationalist polity|Congregational]]
|governance=Executive Board
|leader_title=Executive Director
|leader_name=Julio Guarneri
|associations=[[Southern Baptist Convention]], [[Baptist World Alliance]]
|area=[[Texas]]
|headquarters=[[Dallas]], [[Texas]]
|founded_date=June 29, 1886
|founded_place=
|separated_from=
|separations=[[Southern Baptists of Texas Convention]]
|congregations=5,375 (2023)
|members=2,038,537 (2023)
|hospitals=9
|primary_schools =
|secondary_schools =
|tertiary = 9
|seminaries = [[George W. Truett Theological Seminary]]
|other_names=Texas Baptists
|website={{URL|texasbaptists.org}}
}}


The '''Baptist General Convention of Texas''' ('''BGCT'''), more commonly known as the '''Texas Baptists''', is a [[List of Baptist denominations|Baptist Christian denomination]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]]. It is affiliated with the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] and the [[Baptist World Alliance]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Partners |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/partners |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> Texas Baptist offices are located in the city of [[Dallas]], though convention staff are located across the state. According to a denomination census released in 2023, it claimed 2,038,537 members and 5,375 churches <ref> Baptist World Alliance, [https://www.baptistworld.org/member-unions/ Members], baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved May 5, 2023</ref>
{{baptist}}
The '''Baptist General Convention of Texas''' ('''BGCT''') is the oldest surviving [[Baptist]] convention in the state of [[Texas]]. It is affiliated with the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] and the [[Baptist World Alliance]]. In 2009, the BGCT began to also go by the name '''Texas Baptists''' to better communicate who they are. The convention's offices are located in [[Dallas, Texas]], though convention staff are located across the state. The president of the BGCT is Jason Burden and the Executive Director is David Hardage.


==History==
==History==
There were Baptists among the first Anglo-American settlers of Texas, but under [[Spain]] (and later [[Mexico]]), non-[[Catholic]] religious worship was prohibited. The first Baptist sermon preached in Texas was preached by Joseph Bays of [[Missouri]] as early as 1820.<ref>Joseph Everett Early, ''A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook'', University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 12</ref> The first Sunday School in Texas was organized by a Baptist, [[Thomas J. Pilgrim]], at [[San Felipe, Texas|San Felipe de Austin]] in 1829. Mexican authorities forced the Sunday School to disband and hindered the attempts of the earliest Baptist preachers.
{{baptist}}There were Baptists among the first Anglo-American settlers of Texas, but under [[Spain]] (and later [[Mexico]]), non-[[Catholic]] religious worship was prohibited. The first Baptist sermon preached in Texas was preached by Joseph Bays of [[Missouri]] as early as 1820.<ref>Joseph Everett Early, ''A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook'', University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 12</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/history |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> The first Sunday School in Texas was organized by a Baptist, [[Thomas J. Pilgrim]], at [[San Felipe, Texas|San Felipe de Austin]] in 1829. Mexican authorities forced the Sunday School to disband and hindered the attempts of the earliest Baptist preachers.


The first Baptist church in Texas was organized in [[Illinois]] by Elder [[Daniel Parker (Baptist)|Daniel Parker]]. Parker visited Texas in 1832, and concluded that the Mexican laws clearly prohibited organizing a church in Texas. He also decided the immigration of an organized church into the state would not violate the colonization laws. To this end, he and several others constituted a church in Illinois, then traveled to Texas by wagon train, arriving in Austin Colony January 20, 1834. Parker held a strict predestinarian theology, as well as his controversial [[Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists|''Two-Seed'']] theology. Like those travellers, the church was named ''Pilgrim''. This church, and those churches of like faith that followed, remained aloof from the majority of Baptists in Texas. Pilgrim church is the oldest Baptist church in Texas, and survives today as a [[Primitive Baptist]] church.
The first Baptist church in Texas was organized in [[Illinois]] by Elder [[Daniel Parker (Baptist)|Daniel Parker]]. Parker visited Texas in 1832, and concluded that the Mexican laws clearly prohibited organizing a church in Texas. He also decided the immigration of an organized church into the state would not violate the colonization laws. To this end, he and several others constituted a church in Illinois, then traveled to Texas by wagon train, arriving in Austin Colony by January 20, 1834. Parker held a strict predestinarian theology, as well as his controversial [[Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists|''Two-Seed'']] theology. Like those travelers, the church was named ''Pilgrim''. This church, and those churches of like faith that followed, remained aloof from the majority of Baptists in Texas. Pilgrim Church is the oldest Baptist church in Texas, and survives today as a [[Primitive Baptist]] church near [[Elkhart, TX]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pilgrim Primitive Baptist Church |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/pilgrim-primitive-baptist-church |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas State Historical Association}}</ref>


The first missionary Baptist church in Texas was organized at [[Washington-on-the-Brazos]] by [[Z. N. Morrell]] in 1837. The following year, Isaac Reed and R. G. Green formed the Union Baptist Church, about 5 miles north of [[Nacogdoches, Texas]]. This church, now known as the ''Old North Church'', is the oldest surviving missionary Baptist church in Texas, and cooperates with the ''Baptist General Convention of Texas''. After Texans achieved independence from Mexico, Baptists began to flourish in Texas. Many churches were formed in the days of the Republic of Texas. With the multiplication of churches came also the organization of associations. The first association was the Union Baptist Association, organized in 1840.
The first missionary Baptist church in Texas was organized at [[Washington-on-the-Brazos]] by [[Z. N. Morrell]] in 1837. The following year, Isaac Reed and R. G. Green formed the Union Baptist Church, about 5 miles north of [[Nacogdoches, Texas]]. This church, now known as the Old North Church, is the oldest surviving missionary Baptist church in Texas, and cooperates with the Baptist General Convention of Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Camp |first=Ken |date=2016-06-16 |title=Journey to Nacogdoches: Massie Millard and the Old North Church |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/news/texas/journey-to-nacogdoches-massie-millard-and-the-old-north-church/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> After Texans achieved independence from Mexico, Baptists began to flourish in Texas. Many churches were formed in the days of the Republic of Texas. With the multiplication of churches came also the organization of associations. The first association was the Union Baptist Association, organized in 1840.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=What's New After New Orleans? |url=https://www.ubahouston.org/blog/new-orleans-sbc-associations |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Union Baptist Association |language=en-US |quote=The most significant theological divide in the beginning was an almost even split between “anti-missionary” (reformed) and “missionary” Baptists. The association started in 1840. When Texas joined the confederacy in 1861, the name Union remained.}}</ref>


As the local associations increased, missionary Baptists became interested in cooperation together on the broader state level. In 1848 representatives from four associations met at [[Anderson, Texas|Anderson]], Texas, and started the ''Baptist State Convention of Texas''.<ref>Joseph Everett Early, ''A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook'', University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 78</ref> In 1853, the ''Baptist General Association of Texas'' was organized at Larissa in [[Cherokee County, Texas|Cherokee County]] in east Texas. Other bodies were formed to serve their regions (and often due to dissatisfaction with the other bodies), such as the ''East Texas Baptist Convention'' (org. 1877 at [[Overton, Texas|Overton]]) and the ''North Texas Baptist Missionary Convention'' (org. 1879 at [[Allen, Texas|Allen]]). [[Benajah Harvey Carroll|B. H. Carroll]], pastor of First Baptist in [[Waco, Texas|Waco]], was instrumental in getting the General Association, during its 1883 meeting, to propose that five conventions in Texas consider the expediency of uniting as one body. The North Texas Convention dissolved, and recommended its churches affiliate with the ''Baptist State Convention''. The East Texas Convention also joined the state convention. In 1886, the ''Baptist General Association of Texas'' and the ''Baptist State Convention of Texas'' ratified the terms of merger and consolidated into one body called ''The Baptist General Convention of Texas''.<ref>James Leo Garrett, ''Baptist Theology: A Four-century Study'', Mercer University Press, USA, 2009, p. 237</ref> In addition to Carroll, other leaders in the merger included [[Samuel Augustus Hayden|S. A. Hayden]], [[J. B. Cranfill]], J. B. Link, [[James Milton Carroll|J. M. Carroll]], R. T. Hanks, and G. W. Smith.
As the local associations increased, [[Missionary Baptists]] became interested in cooperation together on the broader state level. In 1848 representatives from four associations met at [[Anderson, Texas|Anderson]], Texas, and started the ''Baptist State Convention of Texas''.<ref>Joseph Everett Early, ''A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook'', University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 78</ref> In 1853, the ''Baptist General Association of Texas'' was organized at Larissa in [[Cherokee County, Texas|Cherokee County]] in east Texas. Other bodies were formed to serve their regions (and often due to dissatisfaction with the other bodies), such as the ''East Texas Baptist Convention'' (org. 1877 at [[Overton, Texas|Overton]]) and the ''North Texas Baptist Missionary Convention'' (org. 1879 at [[Allen, Texas|Allen]]). [[Benajah Harvey Carroll|B. H. Carroll]], pastor of First Baptist in [[Waco, Texas|Waco]], was instrumental in getting the General Association, during its 1883 meeting, to propose that five conventions in Texas consider the expediency of uniting as one body.


The North Texas Convention dissolved, and recommended its churches affiliate with the ''Baptist State Convention''. The East Texas Convention also joined the state convention. In 1886, the ''Baptist General Association of Texas'' and the ''Baptist State Convention of Texas'' ratified the terms of merger and consolidated into one body called ''The Baptist General Convention of Texas''.<ref>James Leo Garrett, ''Baptist Theology: A Four-century Study'', Mercer University Press, USA, 2009, p. 237</ref> In addition to Carroll, other leaders in the merger included [[Samuel Augustus Hayden|S. A. Hayden]], [[J. B. Cranfill]], J. B. Link, [[James Milton Carroll|J. M. Carroll]], R. T. Hanks, and G. W. Smith.
According to a denomination census released in 2020, it claimed 5,341 churches and 1,708,415 members.<ref>Baptist World Alliance, [https://www.baptistworld.org/member-unions/ Members], baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved December 5, 2020</ref>


Following this short-lived unity, S. A. Hayden was involved in controversy; during the S. A. Hayden controversy of the early 20th century, the [[Baptist Missionary Association of America|Baptist Missionary Association of Texas]] was founded and split with the Baptist General Convention of Texas.<ref name="TEXASEARLY2005">{{cite book |author=Early Jr., Joseph E. |title=A Texas Baptist Power Struggle: The Hayden Controversy |publisher=University of North Texas Press |year=2005 |ISBN=1-57441-195-0}}</ref> The second major division following the formation of the convention was the [[World Baptist Fellowship|Premillennial Missionary Baptist Fellowship]]'s foundation by [[J. Frank Norris]] in 1933.<ref>William H. Brackney, ''Historical Dictionary of the Baptists'', Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 623</ref>
==Divisions==
The harmony of unification in the 19th century gave way to three major divisions in the 20th century—the S. A. Hayden controversy and the formation of the [[Baptist Missionary Association of America|Baptist Missionary Association of Texas]] in 1900, the [[Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy]] and the formation of the [[World Baptist Fellowship|Premillennial Missionary Baptist Fellowship]] by [[J. Frank Norris]] in 1933, and the [[Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence|conservative/moderate controversy]] and the formation of the [[Southern Baptists of Texas Convention]] in 1998. The body has nevertheless maintained a steady progress throughout the 20th century.


As the Baptist General Convention of Texas grew in spite of these initial divisions, and with its affiliation to the [[Southern Baptists]], by the end of the 20th century, the Baptist General Convention of Texas was involved in a doctrinal struggle regarding the future of the Southern Baptist Convention. During the intense struggle for control of the Southern Baptist Convention's resources and ideological direction [[Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence|between moderates and conservatives]], the state convention—being the largest by finances and organization—largely resisted the conservative and at-times fundamentalist course of the Southern Baptist Convention from the 1980s-1990s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Bob |date=2016-11-18 |title=What happened to Texas Baptists? Moderate churches shaken by perceived shift to the right |url=https://baptistnews.com/article/what-happened-to-texas-baptists-moderate-churches-shaken-by-perceived-shift-to-the-right/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist News Global |language=en-US}}</ref> Defending individual [[soul liberty]] and the [[Congregationalist polity|autonomy of the local church]], by 1998, a number of conservative churches split with the theologically moderate convention to form the [[Southern Baptists of Texas Convention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Dave |date=1997-11-24 |title=Texas conservatives to form new convention |url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/texas-conservatives-to-form-new-convention/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Press |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Beliefs==

The Convention is a member of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] and the [[Baptist World Alliance]].<ref>Southern Baptist Convention, [https://www.sbc.net/resources/directories/state-and-local-associations/ State and Local Associations], sbc.net, USA, retrieved June 8, 2021</ref><ref>Baptist World Alliance, [https://www.baptistworld.org/member-unions/ Members], baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved December 5, 2020</ref>
Since this [[schism]] and the conservative takeover of the Southern Baptist Convention, the Baptist General Convention of Texas has mobilized affiliated churches at annual meetings to elect moderate or centrist candidates endorsed by the organization in the 1990s and early 2000s. In 1994, it was suggested that the convention completely severed ties with the Southern Baptists.<ref name=":2" />

By 2000, the state convention voted to cut its contributions to Southern Baptist-operated seminaries, and stopped financially contributing to the SBC Christian Life Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-09-14 |title=BGCT leadership approves defunding of Baptist seminaries, students |url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/bgct-leadership-approves-defunding-of-baptist-seminaries-students/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> In 2000, the convention also declined to affirm the Southern Baptist Convention's 2000 [[Baptist Faith and Message]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hannigan |first=Joni |date=2001-10-30 |title=BGCT tightens budget, rejects 2000 BFM, elects Bob Campbell |url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/bgct-tightens-budget-rejects-2000-bfm-elects-bob-campbell/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Following, in 2001, the Baptist General Convention of Texas recommended shifting contributions away from the SBC's [[North American Mission Board]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ledbetter |first=Tammi |date=2001-05-23 |title=BGCT board recommends $1.28M shift from SBC N. American missions agency |url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/bgct-board-recommends-1-28m-shift-from-sbc-n-american-missions-agency/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Press |language=en-US}}</ref> The Baptist General Convention of Texas has funded and maintained their own home and foreign missions organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.missionsfoundation.org/about-us |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Texas Baptist Missions Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Baptists Worldwide |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/give/texas-baptists-worldwide |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref>

Since then, the state body has continued to remain theologically moderate, operating and partnering their theologically moderate or centrist seminaries, colleges and universities, health and financial institutions, and church planting networks separate from the Southern Baptist Convention's entities.<ref name=":0" /> The Baptist General Convention of Texas has also primarily affiliated with the [[Baptist World Alliance]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-21 |title=Baptist General Convention of Texas |url=https://baptistworld.org/member/baptist-general-convention-of-texas/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist World Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> while maintaining nominal affiliation with the Southern Baptist Convention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State and Local Associations |url=https://www.sbc.net/resources/directories/state-and-local-associations/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Southern Baptist Convention |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2009, the convention began to go by the name ''Texas Baptists'' to better communicate who they are, after having their name change deferred in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-11 |title=Texas Baptists elect Lowrie president, refer name change to Executive Board |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/news/texas/texas-baptists-elect-lowrie-president-refer-name-change-to-executive-board/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2024, the North American Mission Board announced it would not fund new churches affiliated with the Texas Baptists unless they change their statement of faith.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Camp |first=Ken |date=2024-06-13 |title=NAMB chief addresses church planting and the BGCT |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/news/baptists/namb-chief-addresses-church-planting-and-the-bgct/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2024, the executive director of the Texas Baptists wrote, "There are those who would like Texas Baptists to adopt a strictly complementarian position like the SBC and the BFM 2000. There are also those who would like Texas Baptists to be officially egalitarian. Yet, we are committed to unity in diversity under the Scriptures and the Lordship of Christ." It was also noted that non-Texan churches sought affiliation with its GC2 movement.<ref name=":5" /> Prior to the executive director's statement, the Texas Baptists affirmed a group-study concerning non-Texan churches desiring affiliation without competing against the Southern Baptist Convention or formal schism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=BGCT Exec Board eyes potential 'fallout' from SBC, plans to welcome 'displaced churches' |url=https://thebaptistpaper.org/bgct-exec-board-eyes-potential-fallout-from-sbc-plans-to-welcome-displaced-churches/,%20https://thebaptistpaper.org/bgct-exec-board-eyes-potential-fallout-from-sbc-plans-to-welcome-displaced-churches/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=The Baptist Paper |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Doctrine==
The Texas Baptists are theologically moderate,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Eric |date=2023-06-19 |title=Commentary: The value of centrism for the church |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/opinion/other-opinions/commentary-the-value-of-centrism-for-the-church/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> and the 1963 [[Baptist Faith and Message]] has been adopted as a standard statement of faith.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Beliefs |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> Some affiliated churches use the 2000 Baptist Faith and Message, and other statements of faith; however, neither of the two are required for full inclusion with the Texas Baptists.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Eric |date=2023-05-22 |title=Voices: Baptists, confessions, creeds and clarity |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/opinion/voices/baptists-confessions-creeds-and-clarity/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> Its GC2 movement's statement of faith has also been approved for use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GC2 |url=https://www.gc2movement.com/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=GC2 Movement |language=en}}</ref> Overall the Texas Baptists believe in the [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]] and the [[Virgin birth of Jesus|virgin birth]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Virgin Birth |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/the-virgin-birth |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> the Bible as the only document having authority over churches and the conscience of believers;<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bible |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/the-bible |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> and the [[priesthood of all believers]] and missions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priesthood of Believers |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/priesthood-of-believers |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reaching the Lost |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/reaching-the-lost |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref> The Texas Baptists affirm the [[Congregationalist polity|local autonomy]] of Baptist churches, operating in democratic process in contrast to [[Episcopal polity|episcopal]] and [[presbyterian polity]] among other Christian denominations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Head of the Church |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/the-head-of-the-church |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en}}</ref>

Affirming congregationalism, however, the Texas Baptists have collectively opposed the exclusion of [[Ordination of women|women's ordination]] by the Southern Baptist Convention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-30 |title=Despite Southern Baptist Opposition To Women Pastors, Texas Baptists Celebrate Them |url=https://religionunplugged.com/news/2021/11/29/despite-southern-baptist-opposition-to-women-pastors-texas-baptists-celebrate-them |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Religion Unplugged |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wingfield |first=Mark |date=2021-11-22 |title=Texas Baptists ‘affirm’ women while making gender an article of faith |url=https://baptistnews.com/article/texas-baptists-affirm-women-while-making-gender-an-article-of-faith/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist News Global |language=en-US}}</ref> As of May 2023, approximately half of the state's campus ministers are women, and they have been provided scholarships for ministry preparation in seminaries; the Texas Baptists have also endorsed female military chaplains, though few serve as lead pastors.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Eric |date=2023-05-31 |title=Voices: Texas Baptists celebrate unity in diversity on women in ministry |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/opinion/voices/texas-baptists-celebrate-unity-in-diversity-on-women-in-ministry/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> In May 2023 according to the Texas Baptists executive director—Craig Christina—"conformity over the role of women in the church is neither a test of fellowship nor a condition of cooperation."<ref name=":4" />

Pertaining to marriage and sexuality, the Texas Baptists affirm any sexual relationship outside of marriage are considered "out of harmonious cooperation with the Baptist General Convention of Texas." The Texas Baptists also denounce [[Christianity and homosexuality|homosexuality]], adultery, incest, and pornography. In 1998, however, it resolved "churches should seek to minister to all persons" and "the love of God embraces all persons and instructs all Christians to share God's love with others."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marriage |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/beliefs/marriage-and-sexuality |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Texas Baptists}}</ref> Refusing to denounce same-sex relationships, churches have been expelled for not cooperating with the Texas Baptists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knox |first=Marv |date=2016-12-14 |title=Texas Baptists and LGBT |url=https://www.baptiststandard.com/opinion/letters/texas-baptists-and-lgbt/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist Standard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wingfield |first=Mark |date=2023-06-09 |title=Texas Baptists expel two more churches for welcoming LGBTQ Christians |url=https://baptistnews.com/article/texas-baptists-expel-two-more-churches-for-welcoming-lgbtq-christians/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist News Global |language=en-US}}</ref> The relationship between the Texas Baptists and [[Baylor University]] was also subjected to review for LGBTQ inclusion, as some affiliated members wanted to exert greater control over affiliated institutions regarding LGBTQ policies; by February 27, 2023, the convention and university have decided to remain affiliated with one another.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wingfield |first=Mark |date=2023-02-27 |title=BGCT will not change its relationship with Baylor |url=https://baptistnews.com/article/bgct-will-not-change-its-relationship-with-baylor/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Baptist News Global |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Partner ministries==
==Partner ministries==
The convention has various partners:<ref> Baptist General Convention of Texas, [https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/partners Partners], texasbaptists.org, USA, retrieved June 5, 2023</ref>


=== Seminaries ===
=== Seminaries ===
* [[George W. Truett Theological Seminary]]
* [[George W. Truett Theological Seminary]]
* [[Logsdon Seminary]]


===Universities===
===Universities===
{{div col}}
*[[Baptist University of the Américas]]
*[[Baptist University of the Américas]]
*[[Baylor University]]
*[[Baylor University]]
Line 34: Line 80:
*[[East Texas Baptist University]]
*[[East Texas Baptist University]]
*[[Hardin-Simmons University]]
*[[Hardin-Simmons University]]
*[[Houston Baptist University]]
*[[Houston Christian University]]
*[[Howard Payne University]]
*[[Howard Payne University]]
*[[University of Mary Hardin-Baylor]]
*[[University of Mary Hardin-Baylor]]
*[[Wayland Baptist University]]
*[[Wayland Baptist University]]
{{div col end}}


===Boarding schools===
===Boarding schools===
Line 43: Line 90:


===Human services===
===Human services===
{{div col}}
*BCFS
*BCFS
*[[Buckner International]]
*[[Buckner International]]
*[https://www.cahm.org Children at Heart Ministries]
*Children at Heart Ministries
*STCH Ministries
*STCH Ministries
{{div col end}}


===Medical===
===Medical===
{{div col}}
*Baptist Health Foundation of San Antonio
*Baptist Health Foundation of San Antonio
**[[Baptist Health System]] (indirect)
*Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas
*Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas
*Baylor Scott & White Health
*Baylor Scott & White Health
Line 59: Line 108:
*[[Valley Baptist Health System]]
*[[Valley Baptist Health System]]
*BSA Health System (indirect)
*BSA Health System (indirect)
{{div col end}}


=== News ===
=== News ===
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[[Category:Baptist denominations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Baptist denominations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Texas]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Texas]]
[[Category:Conventions associated with the Southern Baptist Convention]]

Latest revision as of 04:46, 16 October 2024

For the conservative association which split off from the BGCT, see Southern Baptists of Texas Convention.
Baptist General Convention of Texas
ClassificationEvangelical Christianity
ScriptureBible
TheologyBaptist
PolityCongregational
GovernanceExecutive Board
Executive DirectorJulio Guarneri
AssociationsSouthern Baptist Convention, Baptist World Alliance
RegionTexas
HeadquartersDallas, Texas
OriginJune 29, 1886
SeparationsSouthern Baptists of Texas Convention
Congregations5,375 (2023)
Members2,038,537 (2023)
Hospitals9
Tertiary institutions9
SeminariesGeorge W. Truett Theological Seminary
Other name(s)Texas Baptists
Official websitetexasbaptists.org

The Baptist General Convention of Texas (BGCT), more commonly known as the Texas Baptists, is a Baptist Christian denomination in the U.S. state of Texas. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention and the Baptist World Alliance.[1] Texas Baptist offices are located in the city of Dallas, though convention staff are located across the state. According to a denomination census released in 2023, it claimed 2,038,537 members and 5,375 churches [2]

History

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There were Baptists among the first Anglo-American settlers of Texas, but under Spain (and later Mexico), non-Catholic religious worship was prohibited. The first Baptist sermon preached in Texas was preached by Joseph Bays of Missouri as early as 1820.[3][4] The first Sunday School in Texas was organized by a Baptist, Thomas J. Pilgrim, at San Felipe de Austin in 1829. Mexican authorities forced the Sunday School to disband and hindered the attempts of the earliest Baptist preachers.

The first Baptist church in Texas was organized in Illinois by Elder Daniel Parker. Parker visited Texas in 1832, and concluded that the Mexican laws clearly prohibited organizing a church in Texas. He also decided the immigration of an organized church into the state would not violate the colonization laws. To this end, he and several others constituted a church in Illinois, then traveled to Texas by wagon train, arriving in Austin Colony by January 20, 1834. Parker held a strict predestinarian theology, as well as his controversial Two-Seed theology. Like those travelers, the church was named Pilgrim. This church, and those churches of like faith that followed, remained aloof from the majority of Baptists in Texas. Pilgrim Church is the oldest Baptist church in Texas, and survives today as a Primitive Baptist church near Elkhart, TX.[5]

The first missionary Baptist church in Texas was organized at Washington-on-the-Brazos by Z. N. Morrell in 1837. The following year, Isaac Reed and R. G. Green formed the Union Baptist Church, about 5 miles north of Nacogdoches, Texas. This church, now known as the Old North Church, is the oldest surviving missionary Baptist church in Texas, and cooperates with the Baptist General Convention of Texas.[6] After Texans achieved independence from Mexico, Baptists began to flourish in Texas. Many churches were formed in the days of the Republic of Texas. With the multiplication of churches came also the organization of associations. The first association was the Union Baptist Association, organized in 1840.[7]

As the local associations increased, Missionary Baptists became interested in cooperation together on the broader state level. In 1848 representatives from four associations met at Anderson, Texas, and started the Baptist State Convention of Texas.[8] In 1853, the Baptist General Association of Texas was organized at Larissa in Cherokee County in east Texas. Other bodies were formed to serve their regions (and often due to dissatisfaction with the other bodies), such as the East Texas Baptist Convention (org. 1877 at Overton) and the North Texas Baptist Missionary Convention (org. 1879 at Allen). B. H. Carroll, pastor of First Baptist in Waco, was instrumental in getting the General Association, during its 1883 meeting, to propose that five conventions in Texas consider the expediency of uniting as one body.

The North Texas Convention dissolved, and recommended its churches affiliate with the Baptist State Convention. The East Texas Convention also joined the state convention. In 1886, the Baptist General Association of Texas and the Baptist State Convention of Texas ratified the terms of merger and consolidated into one body called The Baptist General Convention of Texas.[9] In addition to Carroll, other leaders in the merger included S. A. Hayden, J. B. Cranfill, J. B. Link, J. M. Carroll, R. T. Hanks, and G. W. Smith.

Following this short-lived unity, S. A. Hayden was involved in controversy; during the S. A. Hayden controversy of the early 20th century, the Baptist Missionary Association of Texas was founded and split with the Baptist General Convention of Texas.[10] The second major division following the formation of the convention was the Premillennial Missionary Baptist Fellowship's foundation by J. Frank Norris in 1933.[11]

As the Baptist General Convention of Texas grew in spite of these initial divisions, and with its affiliation to the Southern Baptists, by the end of the 20th century, the Baptist General Convention of Texas was involved in a doctrinal struggle regarding the future of the Southern Baptist Convention. During the intense struggle for control of the Southern Baptist Convention's resources and ideological direction between moderates and conservatives, the state convention—being the largest by finances and organization—largely resisted the conservative and at-times fundamentalist course of the Southern Baptist Convention from the 1980s-1990s.[12] Defending individual soul liberty and the autonomy of the local church, by 1998, a number of conservative churches split with the theologically moderate convention to form the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention.[13]

Since this schism and the conservative takeover of the Southern Baptist Convention, the Baptist General Convention of Texas has mobilized affiliated churches at annual meetings to elect moderate or centrist candidates endorsed by the organization in the 1990s and early 2000s. In 1994, it was suggested that the convention completely severed ties with the Southern Baptists.[12]

By 2000, the state convention voted to cut its contributions to Southern Baptist-operated seminaries, and stopped financially contributing to the SBC Christian Life Commission.[14][12] In 2000, the convention also declined to affirm the Southern Baptist Convention's 2000 Baptist Faith and Message.[15] Following, in 2001, the Baptist General Convention of Texas recommended shifting contributions away from the SBC's North American Mission Board.[16] The Baptist General Convention of Texas has funded and maintained their own home and foreign missions organizations.[17][18]

Since then, the state body has continued to remain theologically moderate, operating and partnering their theologically moderate or centrist seminaries, colleges and universities, health and financial institutions, and church planting networks separate from the Southern Baptist Convention's entities.[1] The Baptist General Convention of Texas has also primarily affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance,[19][1] while maintaining nominal affiliation with the Southern Baptist Convention.[20]

In 2009, the convention began to go by the name Texas Baptists to better communicate who they are, after having their name change deferred in 2008.[21]

In 2024, the North American Mission Board announced it would not fund new churches affiliated with the Texas Baptists unless they change their statement of faith.[22] In June 2024, the executive director of the Texas Baptists wrote, "There are those who would like Texas Baptists to adopt a strictly complementarian position like the SBC and the BFM 2000. There are also those who would like Texas Baptists to be officially egalitarian. Yet, we are committed to unity in diversity under the Scriptures and the Lordship of Christ." It was also noted that non-Texan churches sought affiliation with its GC2 movement.[22] Prior to the executive director's statement, the Texas Baptists affirmed a group-study concerning non-Texan churches desiring affiliation without competing against the Southern Baptist Convention or formal schism.[23]

Doctrine

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The Texas Baptists are theologically moderate,[24] and the 1963 Baptist Faith and Message has been adopted as a standard statement of faith.[25] Some affiliated churches use the 2000 Baptist Faith and Message, and other statements of faith; however, neither of the two are required for full inclusion with the Texas Baptists.[25][26] Its GC2 movement's statement of faith has also been approved for use.[27] Overall the Texas Baptists believe in the Holy Trinity and the virgin birth;[28] the Bible as the only document having authority over churches and the conscience of believers;[29] and the priesthood of all believers and missions.[30][31] The Texas Baptists affirm the local autonomy of Baptist churches, operating in democratic process in contrast to episcopal and presbyterian polity among other Christian denominations.[32]

Affirming congregationalism, however, the Texas Baptists have collectively opposed the exclusion of women's ordination by the Southern Baptist Convention.[33][34] As of May 2023, approximately half of the state's campus ministers are women, and they have been provided scholarships for ministry preparation in seminaries; the Texas Baptists have also endorsed female military chaplains, though few serve as lead pastors.[35] In May 2023 according to the Texas Baptists executive director—Craig Christina—"conformity over the role of women in the church is neither a test of fellowship nor a condition of cooperation."[35]

Pertaining to marriage and sexuality, the Texas Baptists affirm any sexual relationship outside of marriage are considered "out of harmonious cooperation with the Baptist General Convention of Texas." The Texas Baptists also denounce homosexuality, adultery, incest, and pornography. In 1998, however, it resolved "churches should seek to minister to all persons" and "the love of God embraces all persons and instructs all Christians to share God's love with others."[36] Refusing to denounce same-sex relationships, churches have been expelled for not cooperating with the Texas Baptists.[37][38] The relationship between the Texas Baptists and Baylor University was also subjected to review for LGBTQ inclusion, as some affiliated members wanted to exert greater control over affiliated institutions regarding LGBTQ policies; by February 27, 2023, the convention and university have decided to remain affiliated with one another.[39]

Partner ministries

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The convention has various partners:[40]

Seminaries

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Universities

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Boarding schools

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Human services

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Medical

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News

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  • The Baptist Standard

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Partners". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  2. ^ Baptist World Alliance, Members, baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved May 5, 2023
  3. ^ Joseph Everett Early, A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook, University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 12
  4. ^ "History". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  5. ^ "Pilgrim Primitive Baptist Church". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  6. ^ Camp, Ken (2016-06-16). "Journey to Nacogdoches: Massie Millard and the Old North Church". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  7. ^ "What's New After New Orleans?". Union Baptist Association. 2023-06-20. Retrieved 2023-06-22. The most significant theological divide in the beginning was an almost even split between "anti-missionary" (reformed) and "missionary" Baptists. The association started in 1840. When Texas joined the confederacy in 1861, the name Union remained.
  8. ^ Joseph Everett Early, A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook, University of North Texas Press, USA, 2004, p. 78
  9. ^ James Leo Garrett, Baptist Theology: A Four-century Study, Mercer University Press, USA, 2009, p. 237
  10. ^ Early Jr., Joseph E. (2005). A Texas Baptist Power Struggle: The Hayden Controversy. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 1-57441-195-0.
  11. ^ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 623
  12. ^ a b c Allen, Bob (2016-11-18). "What happened to Texas Baptists? Moderate churches shaken by perceived shift to the right". Baptist News Global. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  13. ^ Parker, Dave (1997-11-24). "Texas conservatives to form new convention". Baptist Press. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  14. ^ "BGCT leadership approves defunding of Baptist seminaries, students". Baptist Press. 2000-09-14. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  15. ^ Hannigan, Joni (2001-10-30). "BGCT tightens budget, rejects 2000 BFM, elects Bob Campbell". Baptist Press. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  16. ^ Ledbetter, Tammi (2001-05-23). "BGCT board recommends $1.28M shift from SBC N. American missions agency". Baptist Press. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  17. ^ "About Us". Texas Baptist Missions Foundation. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  18. ^ "Texas Baptists Worldwide". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  19. ^ "Baptist General Convention of Texas". Baptist World Alliance. 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  20. ^ "State and Local Associations". Southern Baptist Convention. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  21. ^ "Texas Baptists elect Lowrie president, refer name change to Executive Board". Baptist Standard. 2008-11-11. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  22. ^ a b Camp, Ken (2024-06-13). "NAMB chief addresses church planting and the BGCT". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  23. ^ "BGCT Exec Board eyes potential 'fallout' from SBC, plans to welcome 'displaced churches'". The Baptist Paper. 2024-05-23. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  24. ^ Black, Eric (2023-06-19). "Commentary: The value of centrism for the church". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  25. ^ a b "Beliefs". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  26. ^ Black, Eric (2023-05-22). "Voices: Baptists, confessions, creeds and clarity". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  27. ^ "GC2". GC2 Movement. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  28. ^ "The Virgin Birth". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  29. ^ "The Bible". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  30. ^ "Priesthood of Believers". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  31. ^ "Reaching the Lost". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  32. ^ "The Head of the Church". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  33. ^ "Despite Southern Baptist Opposition To Women Pastors, Texas Baptists Celebrate Them". Religion Unplugged. 2021-11-30. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  34. ^ Wingfield, Mark (2021-11-22). "Texas Baptists 'affirm' women while making gender an article of faith". Baptist News Global. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  35. ^ a b Black, Eric (2023-05-31). "Voices: Texas Baptists celebrate unity in diversity on women in ministry". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  36. ^ "Marriage". Texas Baptists. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  37. ^ Knox, Marv (2016-12-14). "Texas Baptists and LGBT". Baptist Standard. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  38. ^ Wingfield, Mark (2023-06-09). "Texas Baptists expel two more churches for welcoming LGBTQ Christians". Baptist News Global. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  39. ^ Wingfield, Mark (2023-02-27). "BGCT will not change its relationship with Baylor". Baptist News Global. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  40. ^ Baptist General Convention of Texas, Partners, texasbaptists.org, USA, retrieved June 5, 2023
  • Texas Baptists: A Sesquicentennial History, H. Leon McBeth (1998)
  • A History of Texas Baptists, by James Milton Carroll
  • Centennial Story of Texas Baptists, L. R. Elliott, editor
  • Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists, Norman W. Cox, et al., editors
  • Flowers and Fruits from the Wilderness, by Z. N. Morrell
  • Missionary Baptists in Texas: 1820-1998, by Oran H. Griffith
  • The Blossoming Desert: A Concise History of Texas Baptists, by Robert A. Baker
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