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{{short description|none}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1890 general election
| election_name = 1890 general election
| country = New Zealand
| country = New Zealand
| type = parliamentary
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = New Zealand general election, 1887
| previous_election = 1887 New Zealand general election
| previous_year = 1887
| previous_year = 1887
| previous_mps = 10th New Zealand Parliament
| previous_mps = 10th New Zealand Parliament
| next_election = New Zealand general election, 1893
| next_election = 1893 New Zealand general election
| next_year = 1893
| next_year = 1893
| next_mps = 12th New Zealand Parliament
| next_mps = 12th New Zealand Parliament
| seats_for_election = All 74 seats in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] <br> 38 seats were needed for a majority
| seats_for_election = All 74 seats in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] <br /> 38 seats were needed for a majority
| election_date = 27 November (Māori) & 5 December (general) 1890
| election_date = 27 November (Māori) & 5 December (general) 1890
| elected_mps = [[11th New Zealand Parliament|members]]
| elected_mps = [[11th New Zealand Parliament|members]]
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<!-- Liberal -->
<!-- Liberal -->
| image1 = [[File:John Ballance 1880.jpg|128px]]
| image1 = [[File:John Ballance 1880.jpg|220x220px]]
| leader1 = [[John Ballance]]
| leader1 = [[John Ballance]]
| leader_since1 = 1889
| leader_since1 = [[1889 New Zealand Liberal Party leadership election|6 July 1889]]
| party1 = New Zealand Liberal Party
| party1 = New Zealand Liberal Party
| leaders_seat1 = [[Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)|Wanganui]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)|Wanganui]]
| last_election1 =
| last_election1 = 34 seats
| seats1 = 40
| seats1 = '''40'''
| seat_change1 =
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}6
| popular_vote1 = 76,548
| popular_vote1 = '''76,548'''
| percentage1 = 56.1%
| percentage1 = '''56.1%'''
| swing1 =
| swing1 =


<!-- Conservatives -->
<!-- Conservatives -->
| image2 = [[File:Sir Harry Albert Atkinson, ca 1885.jpg|140px]]
| image2 = [[File:Sir Harry Albert Atkinson, ca 1885.jpg|220x220px]]
| leader2 = [[Harry Atkinson]]
| leader2 = [[Harry Atkinson]]
| leader_since2 = 1887
| leader_since2 = 25 September 1883
| color2 = 9999CC
| party2 = Conservative (New Zealand)
| party2 = Conservatives
| leaders_seat2 = [[Egmont (New Zealand electorate)|Egmont]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Egmont (New Zealand electorate)|Egmont]]
| last_election2 =
| last_election2 = 52 seats
| seats2 = 25
| seats2 = 25
| seat_change2 =
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}}27
| popular_vote2 = 39,338
| popular_vote2 = 39,338
| percentage2 = 28.9%
| percentage2 = 28.9%
| swing2 =
| swing2 =

| title = [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Premier]]
| map_image = 1890 New Zealand general election - Results.svg
| map_size = 400px
| map_caption = Results of the election.

| title = [[Premier of New Zealand|Premier]]
| posttitle = Subsequent Premier
| before_election = [[Harry Atkinson]]
| before_election = [[Harry Atkinson]]
| after_election = [[John Ballance]]
| after_election = [[John Ballance]]
| before_party = Conservatives
| before_party = Conservative (New Zealand)
| after_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
| after_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
}}
The '''New Zealand general election of 1890''' was one of New Zealand's most significant.<ref>Atkinson, Neill (2003), ''Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand'', p.81</ref> It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the [[Liberal Government of New Zealand|Liberal Government]], which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.
The '''1890 New Zealand general election''' was one of New Zealand's most significant.<ref>Atkinson, Neill (2003), ''Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand'', p.81</ref> It marked the beginning of [[party politics in New Zealand]] with the formation of the [[Liberal Government of New Zealand|Liberal Government]], which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|vote to women]].


It was also the first election in which there was no legal [[plural voting]]. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the '[[country quota]]' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.
It was also the first election in which there was no legal [[plural voting]]. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the '[[country quota]]' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.
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In December 1887, the [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=54ff}} This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: {{NZ electorate link|Te Aroha}}, {{NZ electorate link|Halswell}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin Suburbs}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Palmerston}}. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: {{NZ electorate link|City of Auckland}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Christchurch}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Dunedin}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Wellington}}, {{NZ electorate link|Ellesmere}}, {{NZ electorate link|Franklin}}, {{NZ electorate link|Geraldine}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Westland}}.
In December 1887, the [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=54ff}} This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: {{NZ electorate link|Te Aroha}}, {{NZ electorate link|Halswell}}, {{NZ electorate link|Dunedin Suburbs}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Palmerston}}. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: {{NZ electorate link|City of Auckland}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Christchurch}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Dunedin}}, {{NZ electorate link|City of Wellington}}, {{NZ electorate link|Ellesmere}}, {{NZ electorate link|Franklin}}, {{NZ electorate link|Geraldine}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Westland}}.


74 MPs were elected to the [[11th New Zealand Parliament|11th session]] of the [[New Zealand Parliament]].<ref name="General Election, 1890" /> The [[Māori electorates]] voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members.<ref name="General elections 1853-2005">{{cite web|title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/elections-dates-turnout.html |publisher=Elections New Zealand|accessdate=12 September 2010}}</ref> This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.
74 MPs were elected to the [[11th New Zealand Parliament|11th session]] of the [[New Zealand Parliament]].<ref name="General election, 1890">{{cite news |title=The New Parliament |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW18901211.1.17 |access-date=23 June 2012 |work=[[Otago Witness]] |issue=1921 |date=11 December 1890 |page=17}}</ref> The [[Māori electorates]] voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members.<ref name="General elections 1853-2005">{{cite web |title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout |publisher=Elections New Zealand |access-date=12 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114115332/http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout |archive-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.


==Results==
==Results==
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Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.
Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.
{| class=wikitable
{| class=wikitable
!colspan=6|[[File:1890 NZ parliament.svg|center]]
|-
|-
!width=100 colspan=2 | Party
!colspan=6| Election results
!width=150|Total votes
!width=150|Percentage
!width=100|Seats won
|-
|-
!colspan=2 | Party
{{Party name with colour|New Zealand Liberal Party}}
!Candidates
|align=center|76,548
!Total votes
|align=center|56.1%
!Percentage
!Seats won
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Liberal Party}}
|align=center|'''69'''
|align=center|'''76,548'''
|align=center|'''56.1%'''
|align=center|'''40'''
|align=center|'''40'''
|-
|-
{{Party colour|Opposition (parliamentary)}}
| {{Party name with colour|Conservative (New Zealand)}}
|align=center|54
|[[Conservatives]]
|align=center|39,338
|align=center|39,338
|align=center|28.9%
|align=center|28.9%
|align=center|'''25'''
|align=center|25
|-
|-
{{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|align=center|56
|align=center|20,451
|align=center|20,451
|align=center|15.0%
|align=center|15.0%
|align=center|'''9'''
|align=center|9
|-
|
|Total
|align=center|179
|align=center|136,337
|align=center|
|align=center|74
|}
|}

===Votes summary===
{{bar box
| title=Popular vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=650px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|'''Liberal'''|{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}}|56.1}}
{{bar percent|Conservatives|{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}}|28.9}}
{{bar percent|Independents|{{party color|Independent politician}}|15.0}}
}}

{{bar box
| title=Parliament seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=650px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|'''Liberal'''|{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}}|54.1}}
{{bar percent|Conservatives|{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}}|33.8}}
{{bar percent|Independents|{{party color|Independent politician}}|12.2}}
}}


Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).
Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).
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===Electorate results===
===Electorate results===
The following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.
{{New Zealand general election, 1890}}
<section begin=Results />
:'''Key'''
{{Party index link|New Zealand Liberal Party}}
{{Party index link|Conservative (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Independent Liberal}}
{{Party index link|Independent politician}}

{{NZ electorate result start|Electorate results for the 1890 New Zealand general election<ref name="General Election, 1890">{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1890 |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1891-I.2.1.6.2 |publisher=[[National Library of New Zealand|National Library]] |access-date=25 February 2012 |pages=1–3 |year=1891}}</ref><ref name="1890 election candidates">{{cite news |title=Parliamentary candidates |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=CHP18901129.2.32 |access-date=18 April 2012 |work=[[The Press]] |date=29 November 1890 |volume=XLVIL |issue=7722 |page=5}}</ref>
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | '''General electorates'''<!-- sort alphabetically by electorate -->
|-
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Akaroa
|incumbent = [[Alexander McGregor (New Zealand politician)|Alexander McGregor]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[John Joyce (New Zealand politician)|John Joyce]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 107
|second = [[Alexander McGregor (New Zealand politician)|Alexander McGregor]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Ashburton
|incumbent = [[William Campbell Walker]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[Edward George Wright]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 16
|second = Rev. James Wright Sawle<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP19201009.2.8 |access-date=24 November 2013 |work=[[The Press]] |date=9 October 1920 |volume=LVI |issue=16961 |page=3}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Ashley
|incumbent = [[John Verrall (politician)|John Verrall]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[Richard Meredith (New Zealand politician)|Richard Meredith]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 38
|second = [[James Dupré Lance]]
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[City of Auckland (New Zealand electorate)|City of Auckland]]
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | <small>New electorate</small>
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[William Lee Rees]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 260
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | Adam Porter
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Thomas Thompson (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Thompson]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 442
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[William Joseph Napier]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[John Shera]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,013
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[James Wallis (New Zealand politician)|James Wallis]]
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Avon
|incumbent = [[Edwin Blake]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 186
|second = [[George Stead]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Awarua
|incumbent = [[Joseph Ward]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Bay of Islands
|incumbent = [[Richard Hobbs (politician)|Richard Hobbs]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[Robert Houston (New Zealand politician)|Robert Houston]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 11
|second = James Trounsen
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Bruce
|incumbent = [[Crawford Anderson]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[James William Thomson]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 494
|second = James Smith<ref>{{cite news |title=Bruce Electoral District |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=BH18901128.2.5.5 |access-date=26 November 2013 |work=Bruce Herald |date=28 November 1890 |volume=XXI |issue=2219 |page=2}}</ref>
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Buller
|incumbent = [[Eugene O'Conor]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Christchurch (New Zealand electorate)|City of Christchurch]]
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | <small>New electorate</small>
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[William Pember Reeves]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 802
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | John Tippett Smith
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Westby Perceval]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 945
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Edward Wingfield Humphreys]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{Independent politician/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Richard Molesworth Taylor]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,494
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Eden George]]
|-
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Clutha
|incumbent = [[Thomas Mackenzie]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Dunedin Suburbs
|winner = [[William Dawson (New Zealand politician)|William Dawson]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 420
|second = Archibald Hilson Ross
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[City of Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)|City of Dunedin]]
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | <small>New electorate</small>
| style="background-color:{{party color|Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)/meta/shading}};" | '''[[David Pinkerton]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 348
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[James Allen (New Zealand politician)|James Allen]]<ref name="Dunedin nom">{{cite news |title=Election Notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ODT18901129.2.31.2 |access-date=26 November 2013 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=29 November 1890 |issue=9975 |page=3}}</ref>
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Henry Fish]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 995
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | Richard Henry Leary<ref name="Dunedin nom" />
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[William Hutchison (New Zealand politician)|William Hutchison]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 998
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Alfred Lee Smith]]<ref name="Dunedin nom" />
|-
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = East Coast
|incumbent = [[Alexander Creighton Arthur]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[William Kelly (New Zealand politician)|William Kelly]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 14
|second = [[Alexander Creighton Arthur]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Eden
|incumbent = [[Edwin Mitchelson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 91
|second = Joseph Greenwood<ref>{{cite news|title=Mr Greenwood's Dry Humour |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TO18901101.2.2.9 |access-date=26 June 2012|work=Observer|volume=X| issue =618|date= 1 November 1890|page=4}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Egmont
|incumbent = [[Harry Atkinson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 305
|second = [[Felix McGuire]]
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Ellesmere
|winner = [[John Hall (New Zealand politician)|John Hall]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 105
|second = [[John McLachlan (politician)|John McLachlan]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Franklin
|incumbent = [[Ebenezer Hamlin]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 102
|second = [[Benjamin Harris (New Zealand politician)|Benjamin Harris]]
|second-party = Independent Liberal
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Geraldine
|winner = [[Arthur Rhodes (politician)|Arthur Rhodes]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 323
|second = [[Searby Buxton]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Grey
|incumbent = [[Arthur Guinness (New Zealand politician)|Arthur Guinness]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 19
|second = William Hugh Jones<ref>{{cite news |title=Public Notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=GRA18900926.2.10.5 |access-date=22 November 2013 |work=Grey River Argus |date=26 September 1890 |volume=XXXIX |issue=6871 |page=2}}</ref>
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Halswell
|winner = [[William Rolleston]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 200
|second = Francis Samuel Parker
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Hawke's Bay
|incumbent = [[William Russell (New Zealand politician)|William Russell]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 659
|second = Charles William Reardon<ref>{{cite news |title=Hawke's Bay Electorate |date=2 December 1893 |volume=XXVIII |issue=9544 |work=[[Hawke's Bay Herald]] |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=HBH18931202.2.18.2 |access-date=30 November 2013 |page=3}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Heathcote
|incumbent = [[Frederic Jones (politician)|Frederic Jones]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[William Tanner (politician)|William Tanner]]
|winner-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
|majority = 212
|second = [[Heaton Rhodes]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Hutt
|winner = [[Alfred Newman (politician)|Alfred Newman]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 178
|second = George Thomas London<ref>{{cite news |title=Election News |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP18901126.2.33 |access-date=22 November 2013 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |date=26 November 1890 |volume=XL |issue=127 |page=2}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Inangahua
|incumbent = [[Richard Reeves (New Zealand politician)|Richard Reeves]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 1
|second = John Drake<ref>{{cite news |title=General Election |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=IT18901117.2.10.5 |access-date=22 November 2013 |work=Inangahua Times |volume=XV |issue=20881 |date=17 November 1890 |page=2}}</ref>
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Invercargill
|incumbent = [[Henry Feldwick]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[James Whyte Kelly|James Kelly]]
|winner-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
|majority = 116
|second = [[James Walker Bain]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Kaiapoi
|incumbent = [[Edward Richardson]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[Richard Moore (New Zealand politician)|Richard Moore]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 387
|second = William Hoban<ref name="Press nominations 28 Nov">{{cite news |title=Ashley Electoral District |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP18901128.2.59.6 |access-date=22 November 2013 |work=[[The Press]] |date=28 November 1890 |volume=XLVIL |issue=7721 |page=8}}</ref>
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Manukau
|incumbent = [[Maurice O'Rorke|Sir Maurice O'Rorke]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[Frank Buckland (politician)|Frank Buckland]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 80
|second = [[Maurice O'Rorke|Sir Maurice O'Rorke]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Marsden
|incumbent = [[Robert Thompson (New Zealand politician)|Robert Thompson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 176
|second = Albert Elliot<ref>{{cite news |title=Marsden Electoral District |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NA18901129.2.16.3 |access-date=26 June 2012 |work=[[The Northern Advocate]] |date=29 November 1890 |page=2}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Masterton
|incumbent = [[George Beetham]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Alexander Hogg]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 18
|second = [[George Beetham]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Mataura
|incumbent = [[George Richardson (New Zealand politician)|George Richardson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 123
|second = John Gideon Fraser<ref>{{cite news |title=Gore |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18901120.2.81.4 |access-date=27 November 2013 |work=[[Otago Witness]] |date=20 November 1890 |issue=1918 |page=30}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Mount Ida
|incumbent = [[Scobie Mackenzie]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 105
|second = [[Vincent Pyke]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Napier
|incumbent = [[John Davies Ormond]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[George Swan (politician)|George Swan]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 133
|second = Michael Gannon<ref>{{DNZB|Oliver|Steven|2w36|Kate Wyllie|19 January 2019}}</ref>
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Nelson
|incumbent = [[Joseph Harkness]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 15
|second = [[John Kerr (Nelson politician)|John Kerr]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = New Plymouth
|incumbent = [[Oliver Samuel]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[Edward Smith (New Zealand politician)|Edward Smith]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 23
|second = John Elliot
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Newton
|incumbent = [[David Goldie (politician)|David Goldie]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Oamaru
|incumbent = [[Thomas William Hislop]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Thomas Young Duncan|Thomas Duncan]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 470
|second = [[Thomas William Hislop]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Palmerston
|incumbent = [[James Wilson (New Zealand politician, born 1849)|James Wilson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 61
|second = [[Frederick Pirani]]
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Parnell
|incumbent = [[Frank Lawry]]{{refn|group=nb|Lawry stood in support of the Atkinson Ministry but changed allegiance to the Liberals in 1891}}
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 209
|second = J M Lennox<ref>{{cite news |title=The Contest in Parnell |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18931125.2.17 |access-date=4 December 2012 |work=[[Auckland Star]] |volume=XXIV| issue=280 |date=25 November 1893 |page=4}}</ref>
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Peninsula
|incumbent = [[William Larnach]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[William Earnshaw (politician)|William Earnshaw]]
|winner-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
|majority = 128
|second = [[William Larnach]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Port Chalmers
|incumbent = [[James Mills (ship owner)|James Mills]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = 227
|second = [[John A. Millar]]
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Rangitikei
|incumbent = [[Robert Bruce (New Zealand politician)|Robert Bruce]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Douglas Hastings Macarthur|Douglas Macarthur]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 32
|second = F Arkwright
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Selwyn
|incumbent = [[John Hall (New Zealand politician)|John Hall]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Alfred Saunders]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 51
|second = Thomas Anson
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Taieri
|incumbent = [[Walter Carncross]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 124
|second = William Snow
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Te Aroha
|winner = [[William Shepherd Allen|William Allen]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 175
|second = [[William Fraser (New Zealand politician, born 1827)|William Fraser]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Thames
|incumbent = [[William Fraser (New Zealand politician, born 1827)|William Fraser]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[Alfred Cadman]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 104
|second = [[Edmund Taylor (New Zealand politician)|Edmund Taylor]]
|second-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Timaru
|incumbent = [[William Hall-Jones]]
|incumbent-party = Independent Liberal
|majority = 52
|second = Edward George Kerr<ref name="E G Kerr">{{cite news |title=History of The Timaru Herald |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/contact-us/about-us/7883268/History-of-The-Timaru-Herald |access-date=24 November 2013 |work=[[The Timaru Herald]] |date=9 October 2013}}</ref>
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Tuapeka
|incumbent = [[James Clark Brown]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Hugh Valentine]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 63
|second = [[James Clark Brown]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Waikato
|incumbent = [[John Blair Whyte]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[John Bryce]]
|winner-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waimate
|incumbent = [[William Steward (New Zealand politician)|William Steward]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 296
|second = Alpheus Hayes
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waimea-Sounds
|incumbent = [[Arthur Seymour (politician)|Arthur Seymour]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[Charles H. Mills]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 210
|second = [[Richmond Hursthouse]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waipawa
|incumbent = [[Thomas Tanner (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Tanner]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[William Cowper Smith]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 349
|second = [[George Hunter (politician, born 1859)|George Hunter]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wairarapa
|incumbent = [[Walter Clarke Buchanan]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 275
|second = [[Henry Bunny]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wairau
|incumbent = [[Henry Dodson]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|winner = [[Lindsay Buick]]
|winner-party = Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)
|majority = 77
|second = [[Arthur Seymour (politician)|Arthur Seymour]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waitaki
|incumbent = [[Thomas Young Duncan]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|winner = [[John McKenzie (New Zealand politician)|John McKenzie]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 352
|second = [[John Buckland (New Zealand politician)|John Buckland]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waitemata
|incumbent = [[Richard Monk]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Jackson Palmer]]
|winner-party = Independent Liberal
|majority = 91
|second = [[Richard Monk]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waitotara
|incumbent = [[George Hutchison (New Zealand politician)|George Hutchison]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|majority = 22
|second = [[Robert Bruce (New Zealand politician)|Robert Bruce]]
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result uncontested
|electorate = Wakatipu
|incumbent = [[Thomas Fergus]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|hold = true
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wallace
|incumbent = [[Samuel Hodgkinson]]
|incumbent-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
|winner = [[James Mackintosh (politician)|James Mackintosh]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 178
|second = [[Samuel Hodgkinson]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wanganui
|incumbent = [[John Ballance]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 27
|second = [[Gilbert Carson (politician)|Gilbert Carson]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Wellington (New Zealand electorate)|Wellington, City of]]
| rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | <small>New electorate</small>
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[George Fisher (New Zealand politician)|George Fisher]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 183
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{Conservative (New Zealand)/meta/shading}};" | '''[[John Duthie (politician)|John Duthie]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 561
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | Edwin George Jellicoe
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{New Zealand Liberal Party/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Kennedy Macdonald]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 727
| style="background-color:{{party color|New Zealand Liberal Party}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Francis Humphris Fraser|Francis Fraser]]
|-
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Westland
|winner = [[Richard Seddon]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 338
|second = [[Joseph Grimmond]]
|second-party = Conservative (New Zealand)
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | '''[[Maori electorates]]'''<ref>{{cite news |title=The Maori Representation |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18901204.2.44.3 |access-date=27 November 2013 |work=[[Otago Witness]] |date=4 December 1890 |issue=1920 |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Election News |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=MEX18901128.2.32 |access-date=27 November 2013 |work=[[The Marlborough Express]] |date=28 November 1890 |volume=XXVI |issue=321 |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Telegrams |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=IT18901201.2.6 |access-date=28 November 2013 |work=Inangahua Times |date=1 December 1890 |volume=XV |issue=20887 |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=By Telegraph |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ST18901028.2.15.3 |access-date=28 November 2013 |work=[[The Southland Times]] |date=28 October 1890 |issue=11568 |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maori Electorates |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP18901028.2.54.2 |access-date=27 November 2013 |work=[[The Press]] |date=28 October 1890 |volume=XLVIL |issue=7694 |page=6}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|The affiliation of many of the Maori candidates is unknown or uncertain}}<!-- sort alphabetically by electorate -->
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Eastern Maori
|incumbent = [[James Carroll (New Zealand politician)|James Carroll]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = 185
|second = [[Wi Pere]]
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Northern Maori
|incumbent = [[Sydney Taiwhanga]]{{refn|group=nb|[[Sydney Taiwhanga]] won the election and, despite having died on election day, was declared elected. Taiwhanga also stood in Eastern Maori and came third}}
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = 267
|second = Tinoti Pupipupi
|second-party =
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Southern Maori
|incumbent = [[Tame Parata]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
|majority = {{refn|group=nb|Final results were not reported in contemporary media}}
|second = Honi Maaka Hape
|second-party = New Zealand Liberal Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Western Maori
|incumbent = [[Hoani Taipua]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = {{refn|group=nb|Final results were not reported in contemporary media}}
|second = Kipa Te Whatanui
|second-party =
}}
|}

Table footnotes:
{{reflist|group=nb}}<section end=Results />


==See also==
==See also==
Line 97: Line 776:


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
*{{cite book |ref=harv |last1=Mackie |first1=Thomas T. |last2=Rose |first2=Richard |title=The International Almanac of Electoral History |edition=3rd |year=1991 |publisher=Macmillan}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mackie |first1=Thomas T. |last2=Rose |first2=Richard |title=The International Almanac of Electoral History |edition=3rd |year=1991 |publisher=Macmillan}}
*{{cite book |ref=harv |title=Electoral Atlas of New Zealand |last=McRobie |first=Alan |year=1989 |publisher=GP Books |location=Wellington |isbn=0-477-01384-8}}
*{{cite book |title=Electoral Atlas of New Zealand |last=McRobie |first=Alan |year=1989 |publisher=GP Books |location=Wellington |isbn=0-477-01384-8}}
*{{cite book |ref= harv |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |origyear=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher= V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc= 154283103}}
*{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |orig-year=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc= 154283103}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/fpp-seats-won.html Official election results website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111109022727/http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/fpp-seats-won.html Official election results website]


{{New Zealand elections}}
{{New Zealand elections}}


[[Category:New Zealand general election, 1890]]
[[Category:1890 New Zealand general election| ]]

Latest revision as of 14:05, 16 October 2024

1890 general election
← 1887 27 November (Māori) & 5 December (general) 1890 1893 →
All 74 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives
38 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout80.4%
  First party Second party
 
Leader John Ballance Harry Atkinson
Party Liberal Conservative
Leader since 6 July 1889 25 September 1883
Leader's seat Wanganui Egmont
Last election 34 seats 52 seats
Seats won 40 25
Seat change Increase6 Decrease27
Popular vote 76,548 39,338
Percentage 56.1% 28.9%
Results of the election.
Premier before election

Harry Atkinson
Conservative

Subsequent Premier

John Ballance
Liberal

The 1890 New Zealand general election was one of New Zealand's most significant.[1] It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.

It was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.

Following the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.

Electoral redistribution

[edit]

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres.[2] This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: Te Aroha, Halswell, Dunedin Suburbs, and Palmerston. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: City of Auckland, City of Christchurch, City of Dunedin, City of Wellington, Ellesmere, Franklin, Geraldine, and Westland.

74 MPs were elected to the 11th session of the New Zealand Parliament.[3] The Māori electorates voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members.[4] This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.

Results

[edit]

Party totals

[edit]

Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.

Election results
Party Candidates Total votes Percentage Seats won
Liberal 69 76,548 56.1% 40
Conservative 54 39,338 28.9% 25
Independent 56 20,451 15.0% 9
Total 179 136,337 74

Votes summary

[edit]
Popular vote
Liberal
 
 56.1%
Conservatives
 
 28.9%
Independents
 
 15.0%
Parliament seats
Liberal
 
 54.1%
Conservatives
 
 33.8%
Independents
 
 12.2%

Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).

The Māori vote, for the remaining four seats, was held on 27 November. Maori electorates did not have electoral rolls so their voting figures and percentages are not included above.

Electorate results

[edit]

The following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.

Key

  Liberal   Conservative   Liberal–Labour   Independent Liberal   Independent

Electorate results for the 1890 New Zealand general election[5][6]
Electorate Incumbent Winner Majority Runner up
General electorates
Akaroa Alexander McGregor John Joyce 107 Alexander McGregor
Ashburton William Campbell Walker Edward George Wright 16 Rev. James Wright Sawle[7]
Ashley John Verrall Richard Meredith 38 James Dupré Lance
City of Auckland New electorate William Lee Rees 260 Adam Porter
Thomas Thompson 442 William Joseph Napier
John Shera 1,013 James Wallis
Avon Edwin Blake 186 George Stead
Awarua Joseph Ward Uncontested
Bay of Islands Richard Hobbs Robert Houston 11 James Trounsen
Bruce Crawford Anderson James William Thomson 494 James Smith[8]
Buller Eugene O'Conor Uncontested
City of Christchurch New electorate William Pember Reeves 802 John Tippett Smith
Westby Perceval 945 Edward Wingfield Humphreys
Richard Molesworth Taylor 2,494 Eden George
Clutha Thomas Mackenzie Uncontested
Dunedin Suburbs New electorate William Dawson 420 Archibald Hilson Ross
City of Dunedin New electorate David Pinkerton 348 James Allen[9]
Henry Fish 995 Richard Henry Leary[9]
William Hutchison 998 Alfred Lee Smith[9]
East Coast Alexander Creighton Arthur William Kelly 14 Alexander Creighton Arthur
Eden Edwin Mitchelson 91 Joseph Greenwood[10]
Egmont Harry Atkinson 305 Felix McGuire
Ellesmere New electorate John Hall 105 John McLachlan
Franklin Ebenezer Hamlin 102 Benjamin Harris
Geraldine New electorate Arthur Rhodes 323 Searby Buxton
Grey Arthur Guinness 19 William Hugh Jones[11]
Halswell New electorate William Rolleston 200 Francis Samuel Parker
Hawke's Bay William Russell 659 Charles William Reardon[12]
Heathcote Frederic Jones William Tanner 212 Heaton Rhodes
Hutt New electorate Alfred Newman 178 George Thomas London[13]
Inangahua Richard Reeves 1 John Drake[14]
Invercargill Henry Feldwick James Kelly 116 James Walker Bain
Kaiapoi Edward Richardson Richard Moore 387 William Hoban[15]
Manukau Sir Maurice O'Rorke Frank Buckland 80 Sir Maurice O'Rorke
Marsden Robert Thompson 176 Albert Elliot[16]
Masterton George Beetham Alexander Hogg 18 George Beetham
Mataura George Richardson 123 John Gideon Fraser[17]
Mount Ida Scobie Mackenzie 105 Vincent Pyke
Napier John Davies Ormond George Swan 133 Michael Gannon[18]
Nelson Joseph Harkness 15 John Kerr
New Plymouth Oliver Samuel Edward Smith 23 John Elliot
Newton David Goldie Uncontested
Oamaru Thomas William Hislop Thomas Duncan 470 Thomas William Hislop
Palmerston James Wilson 61 Frederick Pirani
Parnell Frank Lawry[nb 1] 209 J M Lennox[19]
Peninsula William Larnach William Earnshaw 128 William Larnach
Port Chalmers James Mills 227 John A. Millar
Rangitikei Robert Bruce Douglas Macarthur 32 F Arkwright
Selwyn John Hall Alfred Saunders 51 Thomas Anson
Taieri Walter Carncross 124 William Snow
Te Aroha New electorate William Allen 175 William Fraser
Thames William Fraser Alfred Cadman 104 Edmund Taylor
Timaru William Hall-Jones 52 Edward George Kerr[20]
Tuapeka James Clark Brown Hugh Valentine 63 James Clark Brown
Waikato John Bryce Uncontested
Waimate William Steward 296 Alpheus Hayes
Waimea-Sounds Arthur Seymour Charles H. Mills 210 Richmond Hursthouse
Waipawa Thomas Tanner William Cowper Smith 349 George Hunter
Wairarapa Walter Clarke Buchanan 275 Henry Bunny
Wairau Henry Dodson Lindsay Buick 77 Arthur Seymour
Waitaki Thomas Young Duncan John McKenzie 352 John Buckland
Waitemata Richard Monk Jackson Palmer 91 Richard Monk
Waitotara George Hutchison 22 Robert Bruce
Wakatipu Thomas Fergus Uncontested
Wallace Samuel Hodgkinson James Mackintosh 178 Samuel Hodgkinson
Wanganui John Ballance 27 Gilbert Carson
Wellington, City of New electorate George Fisher 183 Francis Bell
John Duthie 561 Edwin George Jellicoe
Kennedy Macdonald 727 Francis Fraser
Westland New electorate Richard Seddon 338 Joseph Grimmond
Maori electorates[21][22][23][24][25][nb 2]
Eastern Maori James Carroll 185 Wi Pere
Northern Maori Sydney Taiwhanga[nb 3] 267 Tinoti Pupipupi
Southern Maori Tame Parata [nb 4] Honi Maaka Hape
Western Maori Hoani Taipua [nb 5] Kipa Te Whatanui

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ Lawry stood in support of the Atkinson Ministry but changed allegiance to the Liberals in 1891
  2. ^ The affiliation of many of the Maori candidates is unknown or uncertain
  3. ^ Sydney Taiwhanga won the election and, despite having died on election day, was declared elected. Taiwhanga also stood in Eastern Maori and came third
  4. ^ Final results were not reported in contemporary media
  5. ^ Final results were not reported in contemporary media

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Atkinson, Neill (2003), Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand, p.81
  2. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
  3. ^ "The New Parliament". Otago Witness. No. 1921. 11 December 1890. p. 17. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  4. ^ "General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
  5. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  6. ^ "Parliamentary candidates". The Press. Vol. XLVIL, no. 7722. 29 November 1890. p. 5. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  7. ^ "Obituary". The Press. Vol. LVI, no. 16961. 9 October 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  8. ^ "Bruce Electoral District". Bruce Herald. Vol. XXI, no. 2219. 28 November 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b c "Election Notices". Otago Daily Times. No. 9975. 29 November 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  10. ^ "Mr Greenwood's Dry Humour". Observer. Vol. X, no. 618. 1 November 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  11. ^ "Public Notices". Grey River Argus. Vol. XXXIX, no. 6871. 26 September 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  12. ^ "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXVIII, no. 9544. 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  13. ^ "Election News". The Evening Post. Vol. XL, no. 127. 26 November 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  14. ^ "General Election". Inangahua Times. Vol. XV, no. 20881. 17 November 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  15. ^ "Ashley Electoral District". The Press. Vol. XLVIL, no. 7721. 28 November 1890. p. 8. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  16. ^ "Marsden Electoral District". The Northern Advocate. 29 November 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  17. ^ "Gore". Otago Witness. No. 1918. 20 November 1890. p. 30. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  18. ^ Oliver, Steven. "Kate Wyllie". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  19. ^ "The Contest in Parnell". Auckland Star. Vol. XXIV, no. 280. 25 November 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  20. ^ "History of The Timaru Herald". The Timaru Herald. 9 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  21. ^ "The Maori Representation". Otago Witness. No. 1920. 4 December 1890. p. 15. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  22. ^ "Election News". The Marlborough Express. Vol. XXVI, no. 321. 28 November 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  23. ^ "Telegrams". Inangahua Times. Vol. XV, no. 20887. 1 December 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  24. ^ "By Telegraph". The Southland Times. No. 11568. 28 October 1890. p. 2. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  25. ^ "Maori Electorates". The Press. Vol. XLVIL, no. 7694. 28 October 1890. p. 6. Retrieved 27 November 2013.

References

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  • Mackie, Thomas T.; Rose, Richard (1991). The International Almanac of Electoral History (3rd ed.). Macmillan.
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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