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{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = Ridgetop Shawnee<br/>Tribe of Indians, LLC<ref name=open/><br/>Pine Mountain Indian Community<ref name="pine">{{cite web |title=Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0860437 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
| name = Ridgetop Shawnee<br/>Tribe of Indians, LLC<ref name=open/><br/>Pine Mountain Indian Community<ref name=pine/>
| full_name =
| full_name =
| logo = File:Seal of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians.png
| logo = File:Seal of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians.png
Line 17: Line 17:
| merged = <!-- any other organization(s) which it was merged into -->
| merged = <!-- any other organization(s) which it was merged into -->
| successor =
| successor =
| formation = <!-- or |established = --><!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| formation = {{start date and age|2009|01|22}}<ref name=open/>
| founder = William Hayes Shackleford<ref name=open/>
| founder = William Hayes Shackleford<ref name=open/>
| founding_location =
| founding_location =
| dissolved = <!-- or |defunct = --><!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| dissolved = {{end date and age|2011|09|10}}<ref name=open/>
| merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization -->
| merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization -->
| type = <!-- e.g., [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], etc. -->
| type = [[limited liability corporation]]<ref name=open/>
| tax_id = <!-- or |vat_id = (for European organizations) -->
| tax_id = <!-- or |vat_id = (for European organizations) -->
| registration_id = <!-- for non-profits -->
| registration_id = <!-- for non-profits -->
| status = <!-- legal status or description (company, charity, foundation, etc.) -->
| status = inactive<ref name=open/>
| purpose = <!-- or |focus = --><!-- humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc. -->
| purpose = <!-- or |focus = --><!-- humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc. -->
| headquarters =
| headquarters =
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| website = {{URL|ridgetopshawnee.net}}
| website = {{URL|ridgetopshawnee.net}}
}}
}}
The '''Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians''' is a [[limited liability company]], [[nonprofit organization]], and [[unrecognized tribe]] in [[Kentucky]]. They are Americans who identify as being of [[Shawnee]] and [[Cherokee]] ancestry that migrated to Southeastern Kentucky, Southwestern Virginia and Northeastern Tennessee in the late 18th to the mid 19th centuries.
The '''Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians''' is an inactive [[limited liability company]], [[nonprofit organization]], and [[unrecognized tribe]] in [[Kentucky]]. Founded as an organization in 2009, they identify as being of [[Shawnee]] and [[Cherokee descent]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}


== Nonprofit organization ==
== Nonprofit organization ==
⚫
William Hayes Shackleford founded the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians, LLC, as a [[limited liability company]] and [[nonprofit organization]], based in [[Hazard, Kentucky]], in 2009.<ref name="open">{{cite web |title=Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians L.L.C. |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0721940 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> The organization went inactive but became active again in 2021, with Jeffery R. Morgan serving as its [[registered agent]].<ref name=open/>


⚫
William Hayes Shackleford founded the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians, LLC, as a [[limited liability company]] and [[nonprofit organization]], based in [[Hazard, Kentucky]], in 2009.<ref name="open">{{cite web |title=Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians L.L.C. |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0721940 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref> The organization went inactive but became active again in 2021, with Jeffery R. Morgan serving as its [[registered agent]].<ref name=open/>
== Politics ==
Since the late 20th century, the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe contributed to the passage of local ordinances that prohibit digging, or [[artifact (archeology)|artifact]] hunting, on county and city lands. One such ordinance was passed by the [[Harlan County, Kentucky]] fiscal court in 2006. The only such ordinance in the [[Commonwealth of Kentucky]], it has decreased illegal artifact hunting and helped preserve prehistoric sites. The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians were instrumental in the creation of the Harlan County Native American Site Protection Office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ridgetop Shawnee History|author=William Shackleford|url= https://ridgetopshawnee.blogspot.com/p/history.html| date= 4 July 2009|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref> They gained agreement from the city of [[Ashland, Kentucky]], to put a protective fence around prehistoric [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] in a park; the site is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the Indian Mounds in Central Park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mounds will be fenced off from public|author=Carrie Stambaugh|url= http://dailyindependent.com/local/x1048575768/Mounds-will-be-fenced-off-from-public/print|publisher=Daily Independent (Ashland, KY)| date= 4 July 2009|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref>


Shackleford organized the '''Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC''' in 2013, another nonprofit limited liability company in Hazard, Kentucky.<ref name="pine">{{cite web |title=Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0860437 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> This organization dissolved in September 2015.<ref name=pine/> Morgan also served as this organization's registered agent.<ref name=pine/>
⚫
In 2009 and 2010, the State House of the [[Kentucky General Assembly]] recognized the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians by passing, unopposed, House [[Joint Resolution]]s 15 or HJR-15 in 2009 and HJR-16 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2010 Regular Session HJR-16 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10rs/HJ16.htm |publisher=kentucky.gov, updated 9-2-2010 |access-date=2011-12-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111735/http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10rs/HJ16.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2009 Regular Session HJR-15 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/09rs/HJ15.htm |publisher=kentucky.gov, updated 5-2-2009 |access-date=2011-12-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093656/http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/09rs/HJ15.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> These acknowledged the civic contributions of the group.


In June 2013, the Pine Mountain Indian Community LLC announced that the Ridgetop group{{clarify |date=October 2024 |reason=What was 'the Ridgetop group'? Was that synonymous with the LLC? Was it part of the LLC?}} would be renamed as the Ridgetop Shawnee, to serve as the heritage arm of this nonprofit organization. Within this new management structure, the Ridgetop Shawnee would concentrate on the preservation and protection of the heritage of the region. The Pine Mountain Indian Community would focus on economic development and community development in Southeastern Kentucky.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
== Language ==
The tribe is seeking to preserve the [[Shawnee language]], a Central [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]] that was traditional for many members' ancestors.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}


== Status, recognition, and identity ==
== Membership ==
In March 2023, the Cultural Preservation Department of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office of the [[Absentee Shawnee Tribe]] described "a concerning phenomenon we are witnessing in our ancestral settlement areas in our ancestral settlement areas including but not limited to Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, [and] Alabama", commenting that "In these areas, there are a number of people who claim Shawnee ancestry; this is not so much the concern as the fact that {{em|some}} of these individuals or groups use this claim to exploit Shawnee culture as a means of gaining opportunities for themselves from a public that is largely unaware of the vast divide that separates our tribal community politically and culturally from those of alleged Shawnee ancestry", and went on to name the Ridgetop Shawnee as one of the ten similar groups they "have identified that have recently organized as alleged Shawnee bands/tribes and promote themselves as the voice of the Shawnee".<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Cultural Preservation Department |url=https://www.astribe.com/sites/default/files/newsletter/november20101.pdf |access-date=March 8, 2023 |work=The Absentee Shawnee News |publisher=Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma |issue=11, Vol. 25 |date=November 2010}}</ref>
The Ridgetop Shawnee require that prospective members prove documented descent from multiracial settlers in the region from 1790 to 1870<!-- Under what classifications on the censuses? -->, and also have Y-DNA or MtDNA showing direct-line Native American ancestry. Y-DNA and or MtDNA may be used only to show descent from individuals who are documented as eligible for enrollment.<ref name="RTS">{{Cite web |title=ridgetopshawnee.net |url=http://www.ridgetopshawnee.net/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.ridgetopshawnee.net |language=en }}</ref> In 2012 the Ridgetop Shawnee began the Express Enrollment program for descendants of several family lines of mixed-Native American heritage, who have been well-documented as migrating to Southeastern Kentucky, Northeastern Tennessee, and Southwestern Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. These families and lines are: [[Sizemore]] (KY); [[Fields (surname)|Fields]] (KY, VA); descendants of Hawkins [[Bowman (surname)|Bowman]] (KY, VA); descendants of Ezekiel [[Bennett (name)|Bennett]] (KY, TN); descendants of John [[Cole (name)|Cole]] (KY, VA); and descendants of Porter [[Jackson (name)|Jackson]] (KY, VA).<ref name="RTS" />

While the State of Kentucky has a Native American Heritage Commission,<ref name="hume">{{cite news |last1=Hume |first1=Sarah |title=Written out of existence? Native Americans in Kentucky push for recognition of culture |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2023/11/23/native-americans-kentucky-indigenous-people-history-culture-ky/71381392007/ |access-date=January 15, 2024 |work=Courier Journal |date=November 23, 2023}}</ref> Kentucky has no [[state-recognized tribes]]<ref>{{cite web |title=State Recognition of American Indian Tribes |url=https://www.ncsl.org/quad-caucus/state-recognition-of-american-indian-tribes |website=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=January 15, 2024}}</ref> and "the state doesn’t have a process for them to apply for formal recognition."<ref name=hume/>

The [[Kentucky House of Representatives]] passed Joint Resolution 15 in 2009 and Joint Resolution 16 in 2010 as [[congratulatory resolutions]] to
⚫
"Commend the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians for their efforts to help their elderly and their youth; recognize their work to preserve their native language and heritage."<ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2009 Regular Session HJR-15 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/09rs/HJ15.htm |publisher=kentucky.gov, updated February 5, 2009 |access-date=December 22, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093656/http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/09rs/HJ15.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2010 Regular Session HJR-16 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10rs/HJ16.htm |website=kentucky.gov, updated February 9, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111735/http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10rs/HJ16.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=House Joint Resolution 16 |url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/Record/10RS/hjr16.html |website=Kentucky General Assembly |access-date=January 15, 2024}}</ref>{{non-primary source needed |date=October 2024 |reason=It is not really clear that this House puffery is notable. Showing that some independent reliable source thinks it is worth mentioning would be helpful.}}


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Shawnee Tribe]]
* [[Shawnee Tribe]]
* [[Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky]] – another non-recognized tribe in Kentucky


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.ridgetopshawnee.net/ Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians]
* [http://www.ridgetopshawnee.net/ Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians]
* [https://heritage.ky.gov/aa-na/Pages/na-commission.aspx Kentucky Native American Heritage Commission]


{{Appalachian people}}
{{Appalachian people}}

{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Cultural organizations based in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Cultural organizations based in Kentucky]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Kentucky]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Kentucky]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Unrecognized tribes in the United States]]
[[Category:Unrecognized tribes in the United States]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Harlan County, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Harlan County, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Shawnee heritage groups]]
[[Category:Shawnee heritage groups]]

Latest revision as of 02:20, 17 October 2024

Ridgetop Shawnee
Tribe of Indians, LLC[1]
Pine Mountain Indian Community[2]
NicknameRidgetop Shawnee, Ridgetop Band of Shawnee Indians
Named afterShawnee people
FormationJanuary 22, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-01-22)[1]
FounderWilliam Hayes Shackleford[1]
DissolvedSeptember 10, 2011; 13 years ago (2011-09-10)[1]
Typelimited liability corporation[1]
Legal statusinactive[1]
Location
Official language
English
Websiteridgetopshawnee.net

The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians is an inactive limited liability company, nonprofit organization, and unrecognized tribe in Kentucky. Founded as an organization in 2009, they identify as being of Shawnee and Cherokee descent.[citation needed]

Nonprofit organization

[edit]

William Hayes Shackleford founded the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians, LLC, as a limited liability company and nonprofit organization, based in Hazard, Kentucky, in 2009.[1] The organization went inactive but became active again in 2021, with Jeffery R. Morgan serving as its registered agent.[1]

Shackleford organized the Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC in 2013, another nonprofit limited liability company in Hazard, Kentucky.[2] This organization dissolved in September 2015.[2] Morgan also served as this organization's registered agent.[2]

In June 2013, the Pine Mountain Indian Community LLC announced that the Ridgetop group[clarification needed] would be renamed as the Ridgetop Shawnee, to serve as the heritage arm of this nonprofit organization. Within this new management structure, the Ridgetop Shawnee would concentrate on the preservation and protection of the heritage of the region. The Pine Mountain Indian Community would focus on economic development and community development in Southeastern Kentucky.[citation needed]

Status, recognition, and identity

[edit]

In March 2023, the Cultural Preservation Department of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe described "a concerning phenomenon we are witnessing in our ancestral settlement areas in our ancestral settlement areas including but not limited to Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, [and] Alabama", commenting that "In these areas, there are a number of people who claim Shawnee ancestry; this is not so much the concern as the fact that some of these individuals or groups use this claim to exploit Shawnee culture as a means of gaining opportunities for themselves from a public that is largely unaware of the vast divide that separates our tribal community politically and culturally from those of alleged Shawnee ancestry", and went on to name the Ridgetop Shawnee as one of the ten similar groups they "have identified that have recently organized as alleged Shawnee bands/tribes and promote themselves as the voice of the Shawnee".[3]

While the State of Kentucky has a Native American Heritage Commission,[4] Kentucky has no state-recognized tribes[5] and "the state doesn’t have a process for them to apply for formal recognition."[4]

The Kentucky House of Representatives passed Joint Resolution 15 in 2009 and Joint Resolution 16 in 2010 as congratulatory resolutions to "Commend the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians for their efforts to help their elderly and their youth; recognize their work to preserve their native language and heritage."[6][7][8][non-primary source needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians L.L.C." OpenCorporates. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Cultural Preservation Department" (PDF). The Absentee Shawnee News. No. 11, Vol. 25. Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. November 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Hume, Sarah (November 23, 2023). "Written out of existence? Native Americans in Kentucky push for recognition of culture". Courier Journal. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  5. ^ "State Recognition of American Indian Tribes". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  6. ^ "Kentucky General Assembly 2009 Regular Session HJR-15". kentucky.gov, updated February 5, 2009. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  7. ^ "Kentucky General Assembly 2010 Regular Session HJR-16". kentucky.gov, updated February 9, 2010. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  8. ^ "House Joint Resolution 16". Kentucky General Assembly. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
[edit]
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