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{{Short description|Tribe of the Tongva people}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2024}}
{{For|the local Tongva settlements of the same name|Hahamongna, California}}
{{For|the local Tongva settlements of the same name|Hahamongna, California}}


The '''Hahamog'na''' (commonly anglicized to '''Hahamongna''' {{IPA-en|hɑːˈhɑːməŋɡə|}}) are a tribe of the [[Tongva people]] of California. They speak a [[Tongva language|language]] of the [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] family.
The '''Hahamog'na''', commonly anglicized to '''Hahamongna''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|ˈ|h|ɑː|m|ə|ŋ|ɡ|ə}}) and spelled '''Xaxaamonga''' in their native language, are a tribe of the [[Tongva people]] of California. Their [[Tongva language|language]] belongs to the [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] family.

Tongva spelling:
Xaxaamonga
Xaxaamovetam = people of Xaxaamonga
Xaxaamovet = person of Xaxaamonga


==History==
==History==
The Hahamogna inhabited the [[Verdugo Mountains]] foothills: in the [[Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)|Arroyo Seco]] and westernmost [[San Gabriel Valley]] area around present day [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] and [[Altadena, California|Altadena]]; and the easternmost [[San Fernando Valley]] area north of the [[Los Angeles River]] around present day [[Glendale, California|Glendale]]; all in [[Los Angeles County, California]]. Two settlements named [[Hahamongna, California]] have been located. The Hahamogna band have also been called '''Pascual''' and '''Pascualite Indians''', after which the 1843 [[Ranchos of California|Mexican land grant]] [[Rancho San Pascual]], that included their part of the Arroyo Seco, was named.
The Hahamogna inhabited the [[Verdugo Mountains]] foothills and [[San Rafael Hills]]; the [[Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)|Arroyo Seco]] in the westernmost [[San Gabriel Valley]] area around present day [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] and [[Altadena, California|Altadena]]; and the easternmost [[San Fernando Valley]] area north of the [[Los Angeles River]] around present day [[Glendale, California|Glendale]]; all in [[Los Angeles County, California]].
Two settlements named [[Hahamongna, California]] have been located. The Hahamogna band have also been called '''Pascual''' and '''Pascualite Indians''', after which the 1843 [[Ranchos of California|Mexican land grant]] [[Rancho San Pascual]], that included their part of the Arroyo Seco, was named.


Most correctly Hahamog'na is the name of this tribe's chief, and the tribe's name and the place in which they live also take this name. Other derivatives have been shown in an adjectival style thus referring to them as the "Hahamovic Indians."{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
Most correctly Hahamog'na is the name of this tribe's chief, and the tribe's name and the place in which they live also take this name. Other derivatives have been shown in an adjectival style thus referring to them as the "Hahamovic Indians."{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}


Hahamog'na was met by [[Gaspar de Portolà]] of the overland Mexican Expedition in 1770. The Spanish began a proselytizing campaign of religious conversion and servitude, the [[Indian Reductions]].
Hahamog'na was met by [[Gaspar de Portolà]] of the overland Mexican Expedition in 1770. The Spanish began a proselytizing campaign of religious conversion and servitude, the [[Reductions|Indian Reductions]].


Upon his conversion, Hahamog-na was given the Christian name "Pascual" and his tribe became known as the Pascualite Indians, in the Indian Reductions of [[Mission Indians]]. -{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} This name preceded the naming of Rancho San Pascual, part of present day Pasadena, [[San Marino, California|San Marin]], and [[South Pasadena, California|South Pasadena]],. The name Hahamongna is now applied to [http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=643 Hahamongna Watershed Park], an archeological site of one of the Hahamongna, California settlements, a recreational area, and an open space nature preserve-park in the upper Arroyo Seco in Pasadena.<ref>http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=643 . accessed 7/22/2010</ref>
Upon his conversion, Hahamog-na was given the Christian name "Pascual" and his tribe became known as the Pascualite Indians, in the Indian Reductions of [[Mission Indians]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} This name preceded the naming of Rancho San Pascual, part of present-day Pasadena, [[San Marino, California|San Marino]], and [[South Pasadena, California|South Pasadena]]. The name Hahamongna is now applied to Hahamongna Watershed Park, an archeological site of one of the Hahamongna, California settlements, a recreational area, and an open space nature preserve-park in the upper Arroyo Seco in Pasadena.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=643|title=Parks {{!}} LAMountains.com|website=www.lamountains.com|access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref>


==Other Tongva tribes==
==Other Tongva tribes==


Other family groups of the Tongva could be found elsewhere in the San Gabriel Valley and San Fernando Valley. With the founding of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in [[1773]] and [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] in [[1797]], these Tongva groups were gathered into a role of indentured servitude at the mission for purposes of farming, raising cattle and producing leather, tallow, and soap. Escape was not an option and was met with stern punishment. Collectively these groups were referred to as Gabrieleños and Fernandeños by the Spanish.
Other family groups of the Tongva could be found elsewhere in the San Gabriel Valley and San Fernando Valley. With the founding of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] in 1771 and [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] in 1797, these Tongva groups gathered at the missions and were taught European skills of farming, raising cattle and producing leather, tallow, and soap. Once converted to Christianity, the neophytes were generally not permitted to return to village life. Collectively these groups were referred to as Gabrieleños and Fernandeños by the Spanish.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

⚫
Other Tongva names that are recognizable about the Southland: Cahueg-na (Cahuenga), Topag-na (Topanga), and Azuksag-na (Azusa).{{cn|date=June 2024}}


⚫
Other Tongva names that are recognizable about the Southland: Cahueg-na (Cahuenga), Topag-na (Topanga), and Azuksag-na (Azusa).
*[[:Category:Tongva populated places|Tongva populated places]]
*[[:Category:Tongva populated places|Tongva populated places]]


Line 35: Line 35:


==References==
==References==
{{No footnotes|date=July 2010}}

===Sources===
===Sources===
*Dr. Hiram Reid, '''''Pasadena''''' 1895, out of print (google books).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRU1AQAAMAAJ|title=History of Pasadena: Comprising an Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the Colony, and the Incorporated City, Occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and Its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls and Other Objects of ... Interest: Being a Complete and Comprehensive Histo-cyclopedia of All Matters Pertaining to this Region|last=Reid|first=Hiram Alvin|date=1895-01-01|publisher=Pasadena History Company|language=en}}</ref>
*Dr. Hiram Reid, '''''Pasadena''''' 1895, out of print.
*[[Southwest Museum]], Braun Research Library, ''Los Angeles''<ref>http://theautry.org/research/braun-research-library . accessed 8//22/2010</ref>
*[[Southwest Museum]], Braun Research Library, ''Los Angeles''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theautry.org/research/braun-research-library |title=Braun Research Library |access-date=September 2, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720190418/http://theautry.org/research/braun-research-library |archive-date=July 20, 2010 }}</ref>


===Notes===
===Notes===
Line 48: Line 46:
*[http://www.lamountains.com/maps/hahamongna-LowerArroyoSeco_.gif Hahamongna locator Map]
*[http://www.lamountains.com/maps/hahamongna-LowerArroyoSeco_.gif Hahamongna locator Map]
*[http://www.savehahamongna.org/ Save Hahamongna.org website] - ''ongoing open space and historic sites protection, and [[riparian zone restoration]] projects.''
*[http://www.savehahamongna.org/ Save Hahamongna.org website] - ''ongoing open space and historic sites protection, and [[riparian zone restoration]] projects.''
{{-}}
{{Clear}}
----
----
{{Populations of Native California Groups}}
{{Populations of Native California Groups}}
{{-}}
{{Pasadena}}
{{Pasadena}}
{{California history}}
{{California history}}



{{coord missing|Los Angeles County, California}}


[[Category:Tongva]]
[[Category:Tongva]]
[[Category:Tongva populated places]]
[[Category:Tongva populated places]]
[[Category:Former Native American populated places in California]]
[[Category:Former Native American populated places in California]]
[[Category:Native American history of California]]
[[Category:Mission Indians]]
[[Category:California Mission Indians]]
[[Category:History of Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:History of Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)]]
[[Category:San Gabriel Valley]]
[[Category:San Gabriel Valley]]
[[Category:Altadena, California]]
[[Category:Altadena, California]]
[[Category:History of the San Fernando Valley]]
[[Category:History of the San Fernando Valley]]
[[Category:People from the San Fernando Valley]]
[[Category:People from Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:People from Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:People from Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:Uto-Aztecan peoples]]

Latest revision as of 07:08, 17 October 2024

For the local Tongva settlements of the same name, see Hahamongna, California.

The Hahamog'na, commonly anglicized to Hahamongna (/hɑːˈhɑːməŋɡə/) and spelled Xaxaamonga in their native language, are a tribe of the Tongva people of California. Their language belongs to the Uto-Aztecan family.

History

[edit]

The Hahamogna inhabited the Verdugo Mountains foothills and San Rafael Hills; the Arroyo Seco in the westernmost San Gabriel Valley area around present day Pasadena and Altadena; and the easternmost San Fernando Valley area north of the Los Angeles River around present day Glendale; all in Los Angeles County, California.

Two settlements named Hahamongna, California have been located. The Hahamogna band have also been called Pascual and Pascualite Indians, after which the 1843 Mexican land grant Rancho San Pascual, that included their part of the Arroyo Seco, was named.

Most correctly Hahamog'na is the name of this tribe's chief, and the tribe's name and the place in which they live also take this name. Other derivatives have been shown in an adjectival style thus referring to them as the "Hahamovic Indians."[citation needed]

Hahamog'na was met by Gaspar de Portolà of the overland Mexican Expedition in 1770. The Spanish began a proselytizing campaign of religious conversion and servitude, the Indian Reductions.

Upon his conversion, Hahamog-na was given the Christian name "Pascual" and his tribe became known as the Pascualite Indians, in the Indian Reductions of Mission Indians.[citation needed] This name preceded the naming of Rancho San Pascual, part of present-day Pasadena, San Marino, and South Pasadena. The name Hahamongna is now applied to Hahamongna Watershed Park, an archeological site of one of the Hahamongna, California settlements, a recreational area, and an open space nature preserve-park in the upper Arroyo Seco in Pasadena.[1]

Other Tongva tribes

[edit]

Other family groups of the Tongva could be found elsewhere in the San Gabriel Valley and San Fernando Valley. With the founding of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in 1771 and Mission San Fernando Rey de España in 1797, these Tongva groups gathered at the missions and were taught European skills of farming, raising cattle and producing leather, tallow, and soap. Once converted to Christianity, the neophytes were generally not permitted to return to village life. Collectively these groups were referred to as Gabrieleños and Fernandeños by the Spanish.[citation needed]

Other Tongva names that are recognizable about the Southland: Cahueg-na (Cahuenga), Topag-na (Topanga), and Azuksag-na (Azusa).[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Dr. Hiram Reid, Pasadena 1895, out of print (google books).[2]
  • Southwest Museum, Braun Research Library, Los Angeles[3]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Parks | LAMountains.com". www.lamountains.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  2. ^ Reid, Hiram Alvin (1895-01-01). History of Pasadena: Comprising an Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the Colony, and the Incorporated City, Occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and Its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls and Other Objects of ... Interest: Being a Complete and Comprehensive Histo-cyclopedia of All Matters Pertaining to this Region. Pasadena History Company.
  3. ^ "Braun Research Library". Archived from the original on July 20, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
[edit]
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