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{{Short description|1708–1920 unit of Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian governorate
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
⚫
|EnglishName=Kazan Governorate
⚫
| native_name = {{native name|ru|Казанская губерния}}
|LocalName1=Казан губернасы
| conventional_long_name = Kazan Governorate
|LocalLangName1=Tatar
| subdivision = [[Governorate (Russia)|Governorate]]
|LocalName2=Хусан кӗперниӗ
| nation = the [[Russian Empire]]
|LocalLangName2=Chuvash
| year_start = 1708
⚫
|RussianName=Казанская губерния
| year_end = 1920
|RussianOldName=Казанская губернiя
⚫
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Kazan gubernia (Russian empire).png
|LocatorMap=KazanGuberna.jpg
| image_map = Kazan in Russian Empire (1914).svg
|LocatorMapLegend=Kazan Governorate in the late 19th century
| image_map_caption = Location in the Russian Empire
⚫
|CoatOfArms=Coat of Arms of Kazan gubernia (Russian empire).png
| common_name =
|CoatOfArmsLink=[[Zilant|Coat of arms of Kazan Governorate]]
| stat_pop2 = 2,850,000
|AdmCtrName=[[Kazan]]
| stat_year2 = 1913
|FoundationDate=1708
| stat_area1 = 63618
|AbolishmentDate=1920
| p1 = Kazan Viceroyalty
|PoliticalStatus=Governorate
| s1 = Tatar ASSR
|PoliticalStatusLink=Governorates of Russian Empire
| s2 = Chuvash Autonomous Oblast
|Region=[[European Russia]]
| capital = Kazan
|Area=55900
⚫
}}
|Population=2850000
⚫
'''Kazan Governorate'''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|ru|Каза́нская губе́рния|translit=Kazanskaya guberniya}}|{{langx|tt-Cyrl|Казан губернасы}}|{{langx|cv|Хусан кӗперниӗ}}|{{langx|mhr|Озаҥ губерний}}}}}} was an administrative-territorial unit (''[[Governorate (Russia)|guberniya]]'') of the [[Tsardom of Russia]], the [[Russian Empire]], and the [[Russian SFSR]] from 1708 to 1920, with its capital in [[Kazan]].
|CensusYear=1913
|FirstHeadTitle=[[Governor of Kazan|Governor]]
|LastHeadTitle=Gubkom chairman
⚫
|}}
⚫
The '''Kazan Governorate''' ({{lang-ru|Каза́нская губе́рния}}; {{lang-tt|Казан губернасы|Qazan ğubernası|قازان عوبئرناسئ}}; {{lang-cv|Хусан кӗперниӗ}}, ''Husan kĕperniĕ''), or the '''Government of Kazan''', was a governorate (a ''[[guberniya]]'') of the [[Tsardom of Russia]], the [[Russian Empire]], and the [[Russian SFSR]] from 1708–1920, with its seat in the city of [[Kazan]].


==History==
==History==
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{{History of Udmurtia}}
{{History of Udmurtia}}


Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on {{OldStyleDateNY|December&nbsp;29|December&nbsp;18}}, 1708, by [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]]'s [[ukase|edict]]<ref name="1708List">[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{ru icon}}</ref> on the lands of the [[Khanate]]s of [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan]], [[Khanate of Sibir|Sibir]], and [[Astrakhan Khanate|Astrakhan]], with addition of some lands from the [[Nogai Horde]]. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's [[Prikaz]]. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.<ref name="Tarkhov">{{cite web|url=http://geo.1september.ru/2001/15/2.htm|title=Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет|author=С. А. Тархов|year=2001|work=Электронная версия журнала "География"}}</ref>
Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on {{OldStyleDateNY|December&nbsp;29|December&nbsp;18}}, 1708, by [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]]'s [[ukase|edict]]<ref name="1708List">[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> on the lands of the [[Khanate]]s of [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan]], [[Khanate of Sibir|Sibir]], and [[Astrakhan Khanate|Astrakhan]], with addition of some lands from the [[Nogai Horde]]. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's [[Prikaz]]. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.<ref name="Tarkhov">{{cite web|url=http://geo.1september.ru/2001/15/2.htm |title=Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет |author=С. А. Тархов |year=2001 |work=Электронная версия журнала "География" |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113202631/http://geo.1september.ru/2001/15/2.htm |archive-date=November 13, 2013 }}</ref>


In 1717, [[Astrakhan Governorate]] was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—[[Nizhny Novgorod Governorate|Nizhny Novgorod]]; in 1744—[[Orenburg Governorate|Orenburg]]; in 1781—[[Vyatka Governorate|Vyatka]], [[Simbirsk Governorate|Simbirsk]], and [[Ufa Governorate]]s were separated. Under [[Catherine the Great]] (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a [[namestnik|namestnichestvo]] ([[viceroy]]alty), with Kazan, [[Penza Governorate|Penza]], and [[Saratov Governorate|Saratov]] Governorates as its integral parts. {{cn|date=January 2015}}
In 1717, [[Astrakhan Governorate]] was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—[[Nizhny Novgorod Governorate|Nizhny Novgorod]]; in 1744—[[Orenburg Governorate|Orenburg]]; in 1781—[[Vyatka Governorate|Vyatka]], [[Simbirsk Governorate|Simbirsk]], and [[Ufa Governorate]]s were separated. Under [[Catherine the Great]] (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a [[namestnik|namestnichestvo]] ([[viceroy]]alty), with Kazan, [[Penza Governorate|Penza]], and [[Saratov Governorate|Saratov]] Governorates as its integral parts. {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}


At first the governorate was divided into lots ({{Lang|ru|доли}}, ''doli''), then into provinces ({{Lang|ru|провинции}}, ''provintsii'') in 1719, and into [[uyezd]]s ({{Lang|ru|уезды}}) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, [[Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic|Kozmodemyansk]], [[Laishev]], [[Mamadysh]], [[Sviyazhsk]], [[Spassk]], [[Tetyushi]], [[Tsaryovokokshaysk]], [[Tsivilsk]], [[Cheboksary]], [[Chistopol]], and [[Yadrin]] uyezds.
At first the governorate was divided into lots ({{Lang|ru|доли}}, ''doli''), then into provinces ({{Lang|ru|провинции}}, ''provintsii'') in 1719, and into [[uyezd]]s ({{Lang|ru|уезды}}) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, [[Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic|Kozmodemyansk]], [[Laishev]], [[Mamadysh]], [[Sviyazhsk]], [[Spassk]], [[Tetyushi]], [[Tsaryovokokshaysk]], [[Tsivilsk]], [[Cheboksary]], [[Chistopol]], and [[Yadrin]] uyezds.


In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900&nbsp;square [[verst]]s, its population was estimated at 2.85&nbsp;million (38.9% [[Russians]], 31.2% [[Tatars]], 22.8% [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], 5.1% [[Mari people|Mari]], 1.2% [[Mordva]]). There were 7,272&nbsp;settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, [[Arsk]], [[Sviyazhsk]], Kozmodemyansk, [[Laishevo|Laishev]], [[Mamadysh]], [[Spassk]], [[Tetyushi]], [[Tsaryovokokshaysk]], [[Tsivilsk]], [[Cheboksary]], [[Chistopol]], [[Yadrin]]; and two [[posad]]s: [[Mariinsky Posad]] and [[Troitsky Posad]]. {{cn|date=January 2015}}
In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900&nbsp;square [[verst]]s, its population was estimated at 2.85&nbsp;million (38.9% [[Russians]], 31.2% [[Tatars]], 22.8% [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], 5.1% [[Mari people|Mari]], 1.2% [[Mordva]]). There were 7,272&nbsp;settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, [[Arsk]], [[Sviyazhsk]], Kozmodemyansk, [[Laishevo|Laishev]], [[Mamadysh]], [[Spassk]], [[Tetyushi]], [[Tsaryovokokshaysk]], [[Tsivilsk]], [[Cheboksary]], [[Chistopol]], [[Yadrin]]; and two [[posad]]s: [[Mariinsky Posad]] and [[Troitsky Posad]]. {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}


The governorate was finally abolished during the [[Bolshevik]] administrative reform (see [[Idel-Ural State]]). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the [[Tatar ASSR]], while the Western part was eventually divided between [[Chuvashia]] and [[Mari El]]. {{cn|date=January 2015}}
The governorate was finally abolished during the [[Bolshevik]] administrative reform (see [[Idel-Ural State]]). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the [[Tatar ASSR]], while the Western part was eventually divided between [[Chuvashia]] and [[Mari El]]. {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}


==Administrative division==
⚫
==External links==
Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):
⚫
*[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=450 Results of 1897 all-imperial census for Kazan Governorate]
* [[Kazansky Uyezd]] ([[Kazan]])

* [[Kozmodemyansky Uyezd]] ([[Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic|Kozmodemyansk]])
==Main events in the governorate==
* [[Laishevsky Uyezd]] ([[Laishevo]])
*1774 [[Pugachev rebellion]]
* [[Mamadyshsky Uyezd]] ([[Mamadysh]])
*1861 [[Biznä Unrest]]
* [[Sviyazhsky Uyezd]] ([[Sviyazhsk]])
*1880s [[Wäisi movement]]
* [[Spassky Uyezd (Kazan Governorate)|Spassky Uyezd]] ([[Bolgar, Spassky District, Republic of Tatarstan|Spassk]])
* [[Tetyushsky Uyezd]] ([[Tetyushi, Republic of Tatarstan|Tetyushi]])
* [[Tsaryovokokshaysky Uyezd]] ([[Yoshkar-Ola|Tsaryovokokshaysk]])
* [[Tsivilsky Uyezd]] ([[Tsivilsk]])
* [[Cheboksarsky Uyezd]] ([[Cheboksary]])
* [[Chistopolsky Uyezd]] ([[Chistopol]])
* [[Yadrinsky Uyezd]] ([[Yadrin]])


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{notelist}}

⚫
==External links==
⚫
*[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=450 Results of 1897 all-imperial census for Kazan Governorate]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{Citation |publisher = Russian Outlook |author=William Henry Beable |publication-date = 1919 |publication-place = London |title = Russian Gazetteer and Guide |via=Open Library |chapter= Governments or Provinces of the Former Russian Empire: Kazan |chapterurl= http://archive.org/stream/russiangazetteer00beabiala#page/24/mode/2up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Russian Outlook |author=William Henry Beable |publication-date = 1919 |publication-place = London |title = Russian Gazetteer and Guide |via=Open Library |chapter= Governments or Provinces of the Former Russian Empire: Kazan |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/russiangazetteer00beabiala#page/24/mode/2up }}


{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
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{{coord|55.7908|N|49.1144|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{coord|55.7908|N|49.1144|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}


⚫
[[Category:Kazan Governorate| ]]
[[Category:History of Tatarstan]]
[[Category:History of Tatarstan]]
[[Category:Governorates of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Governorates of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1708]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1708]]
[[Category:1920 disestablishments]]
[[Category:1920 disestablishments in Russia]]
[[Category:1700s establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:1708 establishments in Russia]]

Latest revision as of 16:30, 17 October 2024

Kazan Governorate
Казанская губерния (Russian)
Governorate of the Russian Empire
1708–1920
Coat of arms of
Coat of arms

Location in the Russian Empire
CapitalKazan
Area 
• 
63,618 km2 (24,563 sq mi)
Population 
• 1913
2,850,000
History 
• Established
1708
• Disestablished
1920
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kazan Viceroyalty
Tatar ASSR
Chuvash Autonomous Oblast

Kazan Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708 to 1920, with its capital in Kazan.

History

[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Tatarstan
Coat of Arms of Tatarstan
Part of a series on the
History of Udmurtia
Coat of arms of the Udmurt Republic

Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict[1] on the lands of the Khanates of Kazan, Sibir, and Astrakhan, with addition of some lands from the Nogai Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.[2]

In 1717, Astrakhan Governorate was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—Orenburg; in 1781—Vyatka, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under Catherine the Great (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a namestnichestvo (viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza, and Saratov Governorates as its integral parts. [citation needed]

At first the governorate was divided into lots (доли, doli), then into provinces (провинции, provintsii) in 1719, and into uyezds (уезды) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Sviyazhsk, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and Yadrin uyezds.

In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash, 5.1% Mari, 1.2% Mordva). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, Yadrin; and two posads: Mariinsky Posad and Troitsky Posad. [citation needed]

The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between Chuvashia and Mari El. [citation needed]

Administrative division

[edit]

Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов (in Russian)
  2. ^ С. А. Тархов (2001). "Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет". Электронная версия журнала "География". Archived from the original on November 13, 2013.
  1. ^
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

55°47′27″N 49°06′52″E / 55.7908°N 49.1144°E / 55.7908; 49.1144

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