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{{Short description|Prussian general and statesman (1797–1853)}}
{{Other people2|Joseph Maria von Radowitz (disambiguation){{!}}Joseph Maria von Radowitz}}
{{other people||Joseph Maria von Radowitz (disambiguation){{!}}Joseph Maria von Radowitz}}
[[Image:Joseph von radowitz.jpg|thumb|right|Radowitz]]
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
'''Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz''' (February 6, 1797 – 25 December 1853) was a conservative [[Prussia]]n [[politician|statesman]] and [[general]] famous for his proposal to unify [[Germany]] under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreement among the reigning German princes.
|image = File:Bilderrevolution0288.jpg
|caption =
|order = [[List of foreign ministers of Prussia|Foreign minister of Prussia]]
|term_start = 26 September
|term_end = 2 November 1850
|monarch = [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]
|predecessor = [[Alexander von Schleinitz]]
|successor = [[Otto Theodor von Manteuffel]]
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1797|2|6|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Blankenburg am Harz]], [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1853|12|25|1797|2|6|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
|party =
|spouse = Countess Maria Auguste Karoline Luise von Voß
|relations =
|children = 5
|parents =
|signature =
}}{{Conservatism in Germany|Politicians}}
⚫
'''Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz''' (6 February 1797 – 25 December 1853) was a conservative [[Prussia]]n [[politician|statesman]] and [[general]] famous for his proposal to unify [[Germany]] under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreement among the reigning German princes.


==Early years==
==Early years==
Radowitz was born to [[Roman Catholic]] nobility on at [[Blankenburg am Harz]], in [[Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], his family being of Serb-Hungarian origin. He received a military education in [[France]] and fought in [[Napoleon]]'s army. {{sfn|Spahn|1913}}
Radowitz was born to [[Roman Catholic]] nobility in [[Blankenburg am Harz]], in [[Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]. His family being of Serb-Hungarian origin. He received a military education in [[France]] and fought in [[Napoleon]]'s army.{{sfn|Spahn|1913}}
As a young [[lieutenant]] in the [[Westphalia]]n [[artillery]], he was wounded and taken prisoner at the [[battle of Leipzig]] (1813), subsequently entered the [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanoverian]] service, and in 1823 that of [[Prussian Army|Prussia]].
As a young [[lieutenant]] in the [[Westphalia]]n [[artillery]], Radowitz was wounded and taken prisoner at the [[battle of Leipzig]] (1813), subsequently entered the [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanoverian]] service, and in 1823 that of [[Prussian Army|Prussia]].
His promotion was rapid, and in 1830 he became chief of the general staff of the [[artillery]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
His promotion was rapid, and in 1830 he became chief of the general staff of the [[artillery]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=810}}


==Prussian envoy==
==Prussian envoy==
In 1836, Radowitz went as Prussian military [[plenipotentiary]] to the federal [[Diet (assembly)|diet]] at [[Frankfurt]], and in 1842 was appointed envoy to the courts of [[Karlsruhe]], [[Darmstadt]] and [[Nassau (duchy)|Nassau]]. He had early become an intimate friend of the crown prince (afterwards King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]), and the [[Prussian constitution]] of February 1847 was an attempt to realize the ideas put forward by him in his ''Gespräche aus den Gegenwart der Staat und Kirche'', published under the pseudonym "Waldheim" in 1846.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
In 1836, Radowitz went as Prussian military [[plenipotentiary]] to the federal [[Diet (assembly)|diet]] at [[Frankfurt]], and in 1842 was appointed envoy to the courts of [[Karlsruhe]], [[Darmstadt]] and [[Nassau (duchy)|Nassau]]. He had early become an intimate friend of the crown prince (afterwards King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]), and the [[Constitution of Prussia (1848)|Prussian constitution]] of February 1847 was an attempt to realize the ideas put forward by him in his ''Gespräche aus den Gegenwart der Staat und Kirche'', published under the pseudonym "Waldheim" in 1846.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=810}}


==Promoting Prussian unionist policy==
==Promoting Prussian unionist policy==
In November 1847 and March 1848 Radowitz was sent by Frederick William to [[Vienna]] to attempt to arrange common action for the reconstruction of the [[German Confederation]]. In the [[Frankfurt Parliament]] he was leader of the conservative Right; and, after its break-up, he was zealous in promoting the Unionist policy of Prussia, which he defended both in the Prussian diet and in the [[Erfurt parliament]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
In November 1847 and March 1848 Radowitz was sent by Frederick William to [[Vienna]] to attempt to arrange common action for the reconstruction of the [[German Confederation]]. In the [[Frankfurt Parliament]] he was leader of the conservative Right; and, after its break-up, he was zealous in promoting the Unionist policy of Prussia, which he defended both in the Prussian diet and in the [[Erfurt parliament]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=810}}


==Prussian foreign minister==
==Prussian foreign minister==
He was practically responsible for the foreign policy of Prussia from May 1848 onwards, and on 27 September 1851 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He resigned, however, on 2 November, owing to the king's refusal to settle the difficulties with the [[Austrian Empire]] by an appeal to arms.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
He was practically responsible for the foreign policy of Prussia from May 1848 onwards, and on 27 September 1850 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He resigned, however, on 2 November, owing to the king's refusal to settle the difficulties with the [[Austrian Empire]] by an appeal to arms.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=810–811}}


==Literary pursuits==
==Literary pursuits==
In August 1852, he was appointed director of military education, but the rest of his life was devoted mainly to literary pursuits. Radowitz published, in addition to several political treatises, ''Ikonographie der Heiligen, im Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte'' ([[Berlin]], 1834) and ''Devisen und Mottos des spätern Mittelalters'' (ii., 1850). His ''Gesammelte Schriften'' were published in 5 vols. at Berlin, 1852-53.{{sfn|Spahn|1913}}
In August 1852, he was appointed director of military education, but the rest of his life was devoted mainly to literary pursuits. Radowitz published, in addition to several political treatises, ''Ikonographie der Heiligen, im Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte'' ([[Berlin]], 1834) and ''Devisen und Mottos des spätern Mittelalters'' (ii., 1850). His ''Gesammelte Schriften'' were published in 5 vols. at Berlin, 1852–53.{{sfn|Spahn|1913}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=811}}


==Death==
==Death==
Radowitz died on 25 December 1853 in Berlin.
Radowitz died on 25 December 1853 in Berlin.

==Family==
Radowitz married Countess Maria Auguste Karoline Luise von Voß (27 April 1807 – 1 October 1889) on May 23, 1828 in Berlin. They had five children:

*Marie Luise Auguste Mathilde Christiane Gerhardine Albertine (1829–1834)
*Julius Felix Joseph Maria Friedrich August Karl Wilhelm (born 1830)
*Clemens Maria Ludwig Georg Hermann Leopold Alexis (1832–1890), Prussian general
*Paul Maria Ludwig Eugen (born 1835)
*[[Joseph Maria von Radowitz Jr.|Joseph Maria Friedrich]] (1839–1912), Prussian diplomat

==Orders and decorations==
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia]]:<ref name="rangliste">{{citation|title=Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee|year=1853|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015004080761&view=1up&seq=355&skin=2021 343]|location=Berlin|publisher=Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn|language=German|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Knight of the Red Eagle]], 1st Class with Oak Leaves
** Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal [[House Order of Hohenzollern]]
** Service Award Cross
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: Commander of the [[Order of Leopold (Austria)|Imperial Order of Leopold]]<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Baden}}: [[Order of the Zähringer Lion|Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion]], ''1842''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden|year=1853|chapter=Großherzogliche Orden|page=[https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1870899 64]|location=Karlsruhe|language=German}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}:<ref name="rangliste"/>
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria)|Merit Order of St. Michael]]
** [[Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown|Commander of Merit of the Bavarian Crown]]
* {{flag|Denmark}}: [[Order of the Dannebrog|Commander of the Dannebrog]]<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]]: Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]]<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hanover}}: Commander of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]]<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Grand Duchy of Hesse}}: Commander of the [[Ludwig Order]], 1st Class<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}: [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 2nd Class in Diamonds<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Saxony}}: Commander of the [[Civil Merit Order]], 2nd Class<ref name="rangliste"/>
* {{flag|Württemberg}}: [[Order of the Crown (Württemberg)|Commander of the Württemberg Crown]]<ref name="rangliste"/>
⚫
}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
*Josef von Radowitz. ''Nachgelassene Briefe und Aufzeichnungen zur Geschichte der Jahre 1848-1853''. W. Moring (ed.) (1922).
*Josef von Radowitz. ''Nachgelassene Briefe und Aufzeichnungen zur Geschichte der Jahre 1848–1853''. W. Moring (ed.) (1922).


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
;Attribution
'''Attribution:'''
* {{cite web | url=http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/radowitz.htm | title=Joseph Maria von Radowitz | work=Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions | first=J. H. |last=Hoffman| accessdate=January 30, 2012}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/radowitz.htm |title=Joseph Maria von Radowitz |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions |first=J. H. |last=Hoffman |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203213005/http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/radowitz.htm |archivedate=1999-02-03 |url-status=dead }}
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Joseph Maria von Radowitz|first=Martin |last=Spahn}}
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Joseph Maria von Radowitz|first=Martin |last=Spahn}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Radowitz, Joseph Maria von}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Radowitz, Joseph Maria von|volume=22|pages=810–811}}


{{PrussianFMs}}
{{PrussianFMs}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=59876916}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Radowitz, Joseph Maria von
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German general
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 6, 1797
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 25 December 1853
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radowitz, Joseph Maria von}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radowitz, Joseph Maria von}}
[[Category:1797 births]]
[[Category:1797 births]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:Prussian generals]]
[[Category:Lieutenant generals of Prussia]]
[[Category:Prussian politicians]]
[[Category:Prussian politicians]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]<!---Service against Napoleon--->
[[Category:German military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]<!---Service against Napoleon--->
[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]<!---Service under Napoleon--->
[[Category:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]<!---Service under Napoleon--->
[[Category:People from Brunswick]]
[[Category:People from the Duchy of Brunswick]]
[[Category:Members of the Frankfurt Parliament]]
[[Category:Members of the Frankfurt Parliament]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Prussia]]

[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[de:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]
[[fr:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class]]
[[it:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[lt:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[nl:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[no:Joseph von Radowitz]]
[[ru:Радовиц, Йозеф Мария фон]]
[[sv:Joseph von Radowitz]]

Latest revision as of 23:33, 17 October 2024

For other people with the same name, see Joseph Maria von Radowitz.
Joseph von Radowitz
Foreign minister of Prussia
In office
26 September – 2 November 1850
MonarchFrederick William IV
Preceded byAlexander von Schleinitz
Succeeded byOtto Theodor von Manteuffel
Personal details
Born(1797-02-06)6 February 1797
Blankenburg am Harz, Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Died25 December 1853(1853-12-25) (aged 56)
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
SpouseCountess Maria Auguste Karoline Luise von Voß
Children5
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Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz (6 February 1797 – 25 December 1853) was a conservative Prussian statesman and general famous for his proposal to unify Germany under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreement among the reigning German princes.

Early years

[edit]

Radowitz was born to Roman Catholic nobility in Blankenburg am Harz, in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. His family being of Serb-Hungarian origin. He received a military education in France and fought in Napoleon's army.[1] As a young lieutenant in the Westphalian artillery, Radowitz was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Leipzig (1813), subsequently entered the Hanoverian service, and in 1823 that of Prussia. His promotion was rapid, and in 1830 he became chief of the general staff of the artillery.[2]

Prussian envoy

[edit]

In 1836, Radowitz went as Prussian military plenipotentiary to the federal diet at Frankfurt, and in 1842 was appointed envoy to the courts of Karlsruhe, Darmstadt and Nassau. He had early become an intimate friend of the crown prince (afterwards King Frederick William IV), and the Prussian constitution of February 1847 was an attempt to realize the ideas put forward by him in his Gespräche aus den Gegenwart der Staat und Kirche, published under the pseudonym "Waldheim" in 1846.[2]

Promoting Prussian unionist policy

[edit]

In November 1847 and March 1848 Radowitz was sent by Frederick William to Vienna to attempt to arrange common action for the reconstruction of the German Confederation. In the Frankfurt Parliament he was leader of the conservative Right; and, after its break-up, he was zealous in promoting the Unionist policy of Prussia, which he defended both in the Prussian diet and in the Erfurt parliament.[2]

Prussian foreign minister

[edit]

He was practically responsible for the foreign policy of Prussia from May 1848 onwards, and on 27 September 1850 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He resigned, however, on 2 November, owing to the king's refusal to settle the difficulties with the Austrian Empire by an appeal to arms.[3]

Literary pursuits

[edit]

In August 1852, he was appointed director of military education, but the rest of his life was devoted mainly to literary pursuits. Radowitz published, in addition to several political treatises, Ikonographie der Heiligen, im Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte (Berlin, 1834) and Devisen und Mottos des spätern Mittelalters (ii., 1850). His Gesammelte Schriften were published in 5 vols. at Berlin, 1852–53.[1][4]

Death

[edit]

Radowitz died on 25 December 1853 in Berlin.

Family

[edit]

Radowitz married Countess Maria Auguste Karoline Luise von Voß (27 April 1807 – 1 October 1889) on May 23, 1828 in Berlin. They had five children:

  • Marie Luise Auguste Mathilde Christiane Gerhardine Albertine (1829–1834)
  • Julius Felix Joseph Maria Friedrich August Karl Wilhelm (born 1830)
  • Clemens Maria Ludwig Georg Hermann Leopold Alexis (1832–1890), Prussian general
  • Paul Maria Ludwig Eugen (born 1835)
  • Joseph Maria Friedrich (1839–1912), Prussian diplomat

Orders and decorations

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Josef von Radowitz. Nachgelassene Briefe und Aufzeichnungen zur Geschichte der Jahre 1848–1853. W. Moring (ed.) (1922).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Spahn 1913.
  2. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911, p. 810.
  3. ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 810–811.
  4. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 811.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee (in German), Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1853, p. 343 – via hathitrust.org
  6. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (in German), Karlsruhe, 1853, p. 64{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Attribution:

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