Patiria chilensis: Difference between revisions

Patiria chilensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Asteroidea
Order:	Valvatida
Family:	Asterinidae
Genus:	Patiria
Species:	P. chilensis
Binomial name
	Patiria chilensis; (Lütken, 1859)
Synonyms
	Asterina chilensis Lutken, 1859; Asterina gayi Perrier, 1875; Asteriscus chilensis Lutken, 1859; Patiria gayi (Perrier, 1876);

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Patiria chilensis is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of South America. It is a broadly pentagonal, cushion-like starfish with five short arms.^[2]

Ecology

P. chilensis occurs in the rocky intertidal zone in temperate seas off the coast of Chile. It is mainly present in the lower algal zone, dominated by the kelps Lessonia nigrescens and Durvillaea antarctica and various encrusting coralline algae. Echinoids occurring in this zone include Loxechinus albus and Tetrapygus niger, and starfish include Stichaster striatus, Meyenaster gelatinosus and the dominant Heliaster helianthus. These starfish are the dominant carnivores in this zone and seem to play an important role in maintaining the community structure.^[3] Besides being a predator of sessile organisms, P. chilensis is an opportunistic feeder, scavenging for dead animal matter and detritus. It is a small species, and avoids being preyed on by the larger starfish by tending to remain in concealed locations.^[4] It is not known to shed its arms, as do many of the other starfish species in the locality, but the arms sometimes get amputated, perhaps eaten by fish. When that happens, the arms do not regenerate, but the thick skin closes over the wound to heal it.^[2]

Like other echinoids, pollution can affect this species. The opening of a new sea outlet from a copper mine at Caleta Palito in Chile in 1975 caused mass mortality of the starfish Stichaster striatus, Meyenaster gelatinosus and Patiria chilensis and the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger, which disappeared completely from the area.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Mah, Christopher (2018). Mah CL (ed.). "Patiria chilensis (Lutken, 1859)". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Scalera-Liaci, L. (1992). Echinoderm Research 1991. CRC Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-90-5410-049-2.
^ Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
^ Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. pp. 128, 537–538. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
^ Jangoux, Michel (1996). Echinoderm studies 5 (1996). CRC Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-90-5410-639-5.

[WoRMS-1] Mah, Christopher (2018). Mah CL (ed.). "Patiria chilensis (Lutken, 1859)". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 8 June 2018.

[Scalera-2] Scalera-Liaci, L. (1992). Echinoderm Research 1991. CRC Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-90-5410-049-2.

[Jangoux-3] Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.

[4] Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. pp. 128, 537–538. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.

[Jangoux1996-5] Jangoux, Michel (1996). Echinoderm studies 5 (1996). CRC Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-90-5410-639-5.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of starfish}}
 {{Italic title}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{speciesbox
 | name = ''Patiria chilensis''
 | image = Patiria chilensis 1.JPG
+| taxon = Patiria chilensis
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| authority = ([[Christian Frederik Lütken|Lütken]], 1859)<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Mah, Christopher |year=2018 |title=''Patiria chilensis'' (Lutken, 1859) |id=382124 |access-date=8 June 2018 |db=Asteroidea}}</ref>
-| phylum = [[Echinoderm]]ata
-| subphylum = [[Eleutherozoa]]
-| classis = [[Starfish|Asteroidea]]
-| ordo = [[Valvatida]]
-| subordo = [[Leptognathina]]
-| familia = [[Asterinidae]]
-| genus = ''[[Patiria]]''
-| species = '''''P. chilensis'''''
-| binomial = ''Patiria chilensis''
-| binomial_authority = (Lutken, 1859)<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Mah, Christopher |year=2018 |title=''Patiria chilensis'' (Lutken, 1859) |id=382124 |accessdate=8 June 2018 |db=Asteroidea}}</ref>
 | synonyms = *''Asterina chilensis''<small> Lutken, 1859</small>
 *''Asterina gayi''<small> Perrier, 1875</small>
@@ Line 21: / Line 13: @@
 }}
-'''''Patiria chilensis''''' is a [[species]] of [[starfish]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Asterinidae]]. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of South America.
+'''''Patiria chilensis''''' is a [[species]] of [[starfish]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Asterinidae]]. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of South America. It is a broadly pentagonal, cushion-like starfish with five short arms.<ref name=Scalera/>
 ==Ecology==
-''P. chilensis'' occurs in the rocky intertidal zone in temperate seas off the coast of Chile. It is mainly present in the lower algal zone, dominated by the kelps ''[[Lessonia nigrescens]]'' and ''[[Durvillaea antarctica]]'' and various encrusting [[coralline algae]]. Echinoids occurring in this zone include ''[[Loxechinus albus]]'' and ''[[Tetrapygus niger]]'', and starfish include ''[[Stichaster striata]]'', ''[[Meyenaster gelatinosus]]'' and the dominant ''[[Heliaster helianthus]]''. These starfish are the dominant carnivores in this zone and seem to play an important role in maintaining the community structure.<ref name=Jangoux>{{cite book|author1=Jangoux, Michel |author2=Lawrence, John M. |title=Echinoderm Nutrition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXxSdaYWPG4C&pg=PA530 |year=1982|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-6191-080-0 |pages=530–531}}</ref>
+''P. chilensis'' occurs in the rocky intertidal zone in temperate seas off the coast of Chile. It is mainly present in the lower algal zone, dominated by the kelps ''[[Lessonia nigrescens]]'' and ''[[Durvillaea antarctica]]'' and various encrusting [[coralline algae]]. Echinoids occurring in this zone include ''[[Loxechinus albus]]'' and ''[[Tetrapygus niger]]'', and starfish include ''[[Stichaster striatus]]'', ''[[Meyenaster gelatinosus]]'' and the dominant ''[[Heliaster helianthus]]''. These starfish are the dominant carnivores in this zone and seem to play an important role in maintaining the community structure.<ref name=Jangoux>{{cite book|author1=Jangoux, Michel |author2=Lawrence, John M. |title=Echinoderm Nutrition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXxSdaYWPG4C&pg=PA530 |year=1982|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-6191-080-0 |pages=530–531}}</ref> Besides being a predator of sessile organisms, ''P. chilensis'' is an opportunistic feeder, scavenging for dead animal matter and [[detritus]]. It is a small species, and avoids being preyed on by the larger starfish by tending to remain in concealed locations.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jangoux, Michel |author2=Lawrence, John M. |title=Echinoderm Nutrition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXxSdaYWPG4C&pg=PA537 |year=1982|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-6191-080-0 |pages=128, 537–538}}</ref> It is not known to [[autotomy|shed its arms]], as do many of the other starfish species in the locality, but the arms sometimes get amputated, perhaps eaten by fish. When that happens, the arms do not regenerate, but the thick skin closes over the wound to heal it.<ref name=Scalera>{{cite book|author=Scalera-Liaci, L.|title=Echinoderm Research 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_pcYQGHp5I4C&pg=PA45 |year=1992 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-5410-049-2 |page=45}}</ref>
-''P. chilensis'' is an opportunistic feeder, consuming dead animal matter and [[detritus]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jangoux, Michel |author2=Lawrence, John M. |title=Echinoderm Nutrition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXxSdaYWPG4C&pg=PA128 |year=1982|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-6191-080-0 |page=128}}</ref>
+Like other echinoids, pollution can affect this species. The opening of a new sea outlet from a copper mine at Caleta Palito in Chile in 1975 caused mass mortality of the starfish ''Stichaster striatus'', ''Meyenaster gelatinosus'' and ''Patiria chilensis'' and the sea urchin ''Tetrapygus niger'', which disappeared completely from the area.<ref name=Jangoux1996>{{cite book|author=Jangoux, Michel |title=Echinoderm studies 5 (1996)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0dWlx-MfpAC&pg=PA121 |year=1996 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-5410-639-5 |pages=121–122}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q18642722}}
 [[Category:Asterinidae]]
-[[Category:Animals described in 1859]]
+[[Category:Echinoderms of the Pacific Ocean]]
+[[Category:Starfish described in 1859]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Christian Frederik Lütken]]