Musa basjoo: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} |
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Musa basjoo |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Musa basjooSochi1.JPG |
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| image2 = |
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| status=LC |
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| status_system=IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref=<ref>{{cite iucn|author1=Plummer, J.|author2=Kallow, S.|name-list-style=amp|year=2022|title=Japanese Banana ''Musa basjoo'' |page=e.T158541010A158544238 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T158541010A158544238.en |access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref> |
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| genus = Musa |
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| parent = Musa sect. Musa |
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| species = basjoo |
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| authority = Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma |
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}} |
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[[File:Musa basjoo, Glasgow Botanic Gardens.jpg|thumb|upright|At [[Glasgow Botanic Gardens]]]] |
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'''''Musa basjoo''''', known variously as '''Japanese banana''',<ref name=sb>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Musa.html |title=Sorting ''Musa'' Names |author=Snow Barlow |work=Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database |publisher=University of Melbourne |date=July 19, 2002 |access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> '''Japanese fibre banana'''<ref name=USDA>{{GRIN | access-date = January 10, 2018}}</ref> or '''hardy banana''', is a species of flowering plant belonging to the banana family [[Musaceae]]. It was previously thought to have originated in the [[Ryukyu Islands]] of southern [[Japan]], from where it was first described in cultivation,<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 3: 268. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref> but is now known to have originated in subtropical southern [[China]], where it is also widely cultivated, with wild populations found in [[Sichuan]] province.<ref name=USDA/><ref name=CL>{{cite journal|url=http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/2002/1/bot431-09.html|title=Taxonomic notes on wild bananas (Musa) from China|author=Liu, A.-Z.|author2=Li, D.-Z.|author3=Li, X.-W. |journal=Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. |year=2002|volume=43|pages=77–81 }}</ref> Its [[Botanical name|specific name]] is derived from its Japanese common name, '''''bashō''''' ({{lang|ja|芭蕉}}). |
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Japanese Fiber Banana, also known as the "hardy" banana. |
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==Description== |
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The most cold hardy banana species, it's corms have been known to survive in climates as cold as southern Ontario, Canada, and the northern border states of the American Midwest, such as Michigan and Wisconsin. The plant has become popular with gardeners in the past ten years, due it's rapid growth, tropical look, and ease of care. A young offset, or "pup" planted out in the spring can often reach ten to twelve feet in height by the autumn. |
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''Musa basjoo'' is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] with trunk-like pseudostems{{efn|A pseudostem is a false stem formed by the rolled bases of leaves.}} growing to around {{convert|2|-|2.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}, with a crown of mid-green leaves growing up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|70|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide when mature. The species produces male and female flowers on the same inflorescence which may extend for over {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The banana fruit formed are yellow-green, around {{convert|5|-|10|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2|-|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} broad; they are inedible, with sparse white pulp and many black seeds.<ref name=rhs/><ref>{{cite book|author=Constantine, D.|date=1999–2008|title=The Musaceae: An annotated list of the species of ''Ensete'', ''Musa'' and ''Musella''|chapter-url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~drc/musa_basjoo.htm|chapter=''Musa basjoo''}}</ref> |
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==Uses== |
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In colder climates, it is necessary to give the underground corm and aboveground stem heavy mulch in order for them to survive the winter. |
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===Cultivation=== |
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This plant is unlikely to flower or fruit in extreme northern areas of its range, but further south, may produce ornamental flowers and small, inedible fruits. |
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''Musa basjoo'' has been cultivated both for its fibre and as an [[ornamental plant]] in gardens outside its natural range, first in Japan, and from the late 19th century, then in the warmer parts of western and central [[Europe]] (north of the [[United Kingdom]]), the [[United States]], and southern [[Canada]]. In gardens, it is used as a hardy 'tropical foliage' plant. Although the pseudostem may only cope with a few degrees below freezing, the underground rhizome is considered frost hardy, if well insulated with thick mulch, in areas with winter temperatures down to {{convert|-12|C|F}}.<ref name=rhs/><ref name="Bananas Raras">{{cite web|title=Banans Raras – ''Musa basjoo''|url=http://www.bananasraras.org/basjooengl.htm|access-date=23 November 2013}}</ref> The roots are considered hardy to {{convert|-10|C|F}}.<ref name=Wong13>{{Citation |last=Wong |first=James |year=2013 |title=Kimonos from banana peel? |journal=The Garden |volume=138 |issue=8 |page=17 | url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/about-the-rhs/publications/magazines/the-garden/2013-issues/august/Comment.pdf}}</ref> If the pseudostem is killed, the banana will resprout from the ground where it rapidly grows to full size in a season under optimal conditions. Thus, it can be grown as far north as [[hardiness zone|USDA zone]] 6a. It can also be overwintered under cover in a pot and kept growing, which is the only way it can be made to fruit in northern regions as it requires 12–24 months of warmth to bloom.<ref name=rhs/> |
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In the UK, it has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/11230/i-Musa-basjoo-i/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Musa basjoo'' | access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 65 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 4 April 2018}}</ref> |
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In its home range in Japan, the fibers of the plant are used to produce textiles. |
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===Fibre{{anchor|Fibre}}=== |
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{{plant-stub}} |
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In Japan, ''Musa basjoo'' plant fibres are used to produce textiles known in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] as {{transl|ja|[[kijōka-bashōfu]]}} ({{nihongo3|"banana cloth|芭蕉布|bashōfu}}). Whole pseudostems are cut into strips up to {{convert|3|m}} long. These are beaten, bleached and dried to produce the raw material, which can then be made into products like hand-knotted carpets, tablecloths, [[kimono]] and paper.<ref name=Wong13/> |
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===Traditional medicine=== |
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In traditional [[Chinese medicine]], the stem, flower, leaves and rhizome of ''Musa basjoo'' are considered useful for clearing heat-toxins, quenching thirst and disinhibiting urine.<ref>[http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?lang=en&channelid=1288&searchword=herb_id=D01178 Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc.]. Medicinal Plant Images Database, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University. Retrieved on 25 February 2012.</ref> |
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===Culture=== |
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[[de:Japanische Faserbanane]] |
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The 17th-century Japanese poet [[Matsuo Bashō]] took his pen name from this plant.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Traces of Dreams: Landscape, Cultural Memory, and the Poetry of Bashō|last=Shirane|first=Haruo|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1998|isbn=9780804730990|location=Stanford|pages=64}}</ref> |
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[[ja:バショウ]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{notes}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of hardy bananas]] |
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*''[[Abacá|Musa textilis]]'' (Abacá), banana species also used as a traditional source of fiber in the Philippines |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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* [http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?lang=en&channelid=1288&searchword=herb_id=D01178 Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc.] Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) {{in lang|en}} {{in lang|zh-hant}} |
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{{Fibers}} |
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{{Textile}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q33331}} |
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[[Category:Flora of the Ryukyu Islands]] |
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[[Category:Crops originating from China]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:06, 18 October 2024
| Musa basjoo | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Zingiberales |
| Family: | Musaceae |
| Genus: | Musa |
| Section: | Musa sect. Musa |
| Species: | M. basjoo
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| Binomial name | |
| Musa basjoo Siebold & Zucc. ex Iinuma
| |
Musa basjoo, known variously as Japanese banana,[2] Japanese fibre banana[3] or hardy banana, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the banana family Musaceae. It was previously thought to have originated in the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan, from where it was first described in cultivation,[4] but is now known to have originated in subtropical southern China, where it is also widely cultivated, with wild populations found in Sichuan province.[3][5] Its specific name is derived from its Japanese common name, bashō (芭蕉).
Description
[edit]Musa basjoo is a herbaceous perennial with trunk-like pseudostems[a] growing to around 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft), with a crown of mid-green leaves growing up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long and 70 cm (28 in) wide when mature. The species produces male and female flowers on the same inflorescence which may extend for over 1 m (3.3 ft). The banana fruit formed are yellow-green, around 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) broad; they are inedible, with sparse white pulp and many black seeds.[4][6]
Uses
[edit]Cultivation
[edit]Musa basjoo has been cultivated both for its fibre and as an ornamental plant in gardens outside its natural range, first in Japan, and from the late 19th century, then in the warmer parts of western and central Europe (north of the United Kingdom), the United States, and southern Canada. In gardens, it is used as a hardy 'tropical foliage' plant. Although the pseudostem may only cope with a few degrees below freezing, the underground rhizome is considered frost hardy, if well insulated with thick mulch, in areas with winter temperatures down to −12 °C (10 °F).[4][7] The roots are considered hardy to −10 °C (14 °F).[8] If the pseudostem is killed, the banana will resprout from the ground where it rapidly grows to full size in a season under optimal conditions. Thus, it can be grown as far north as USDA zone 6a. It can also be overwintered under cover in a pot and kept growing, which is the only way it can be made to fruit in northern regions as it requires 12–24 months of warmth to bloom.[4]
In the UK, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]
Fibre
[edit]In Japan, Musa basjoo plant fibres are used to produce textiles known in Japanese as kijōka-bashōfu (bashōfu (芭蕉布, "banana cloth)). Whole pseudostems are cut into strips up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. These are beaten, bleached and dried to produce the raw material, which can then be made into products like hand-knotted carpets, tablecloths, kimono and paper.[8]
Traditional medicine
[edit]In traditional Chinese medicine, the stem, flower, leaves and rhizome of Musa basjoo are considered useful for clearing heat-toxins, quenching thirst and disinhibiting urine.[11]
Culture
[edit]The 17th-century Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō took his pen name from this plant.[12]
Notes
[edit]- ^ A pseudostem is a false stem formed by the rolled bases of leaves.
See also
[edit]- List of hardy bananas
- Musa textilis (Abacá), banana species also used as a traditional source of fiber in the Philippines
References
[edit]- ^ Plummer, J. & Kallow, S. (2022). "Japanese Banana Musa basjoo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T158541010A158544238. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T158541010A158544238.en. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ Snow Barlow (July 19, 2002). "Sorting Musa Names". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
- ^ a b "Musa basjoo". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 3: 268. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
- ^ Liu, A.-Z.; Li, D.-Z.; Li, X.-W. (2002). "Taxonomic notes on wild bananas (Musa) from China". Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 43: 77–81.
- ^ Constantine, D. (1999–2008). "Musa basjoo". The Musaceae: An annotated list of the species of Ensete, Musa and Musella.
- ^ "Banans Raras – Musa basjoo". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ a b Wong, James (2013), "Kimonos from banana peel?" (PDF), The Garden, 138 (8): 17
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Musa basjoo". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 65. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc.. Medicinal Plant Images Database, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University. Retrieved on 25 February 2012.
- ^ Shirane, Haruo (1998). Traces of Dreams: Landscape, Cultural Memory, and the Poetry of Bashō. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780804730990.
External links
[edit]
- Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) (in English) (in Chinese)
