Assistant secretary of the Navy: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Senior civilian official of the Department of the Navy, position abolished in 1954}} |
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[[File:US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg|thumb|The personal flag used by Assistant Secretaries of the Navy.]] |
[[File:US-AssistantSecretaryOfTheNavy-Flag.svg|thumb|The personal flag used by Assistant Secretaries of the Navy as well as the [[General Counsel of the Navy]].]] |
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'''Assistant Secretary of the Navy''' ('''ASN''') is the title given to certain civilian senior officials in the [[United States Department of the Navy]]. |
'''Assistant Secretary of the Navy''' ('''ASN''') is the title given to certain civilian senior officials in the [[United States Department of the Navy]]. |
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From 1861 to 1954, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was the second |
From 1861 to 1954, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was the second-highest civilian office in the Department of the Navy (reporting to the [[United States Secretary of the Navy]]). That role has since been supplanted by the office of [[Under Secretary of the Navy]] and the office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy has been abolished. There have, however, been a number of offices bearing the phrase "Assistant Secretary of the Navy" in their title (see below for details). |
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At present, there are four Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, each of whom reports to and assists the Secretary of the Navy and the Under Secretary of the Navy: |
At present, there are four Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, each of whom reports to and assists the Secretary of the Navy and the Under Secretary of the Navy: |
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*[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions)]] |
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*[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( |
* [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)]] |
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*[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( |
* [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)]] |
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*[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( |
* [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)]] |
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* [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment)|Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment)]] |
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* The [[General Counsel of the Navy]] is equivalent in rank to the four Assistant Secretaries. |
* The [[General Counsel of the Navy]] is equivalent in rank to the four Assistant Secretaries. |
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The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was established in 1861, to provide a senior deputy to the Secretary. The Assistant Secretary was responsible for the Navy's civilian personnel, as well as for administration of [[shore facility|shore facilities]] (such as naval bases and shipyards). [[Gustavus Fox]] was the first to hold the post, serving throughout the Civil War. The office was disestablished in 1869, during Reconstruction, but was reestablished by Congress on July 11, 1890. [[James R. Soley]] was the first to be appointed to the newly reestablished position. |
The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was established in 1861, to provide a senior deputy to the Secretary. The Assistant Secretary was responsible for the Navy's civilian personnel, as well as for administration of [[shore facility|shore facilities]] (such as naval bases and shipyards). [[Gustavus Fox]] was the first to hold the post, serving throughout the Civil War. The office was disestablished in 1869, during Reconstruction, but was reestablished by Congress on July 11, 1890. [[James R. Soley]] was the first to be appointed to the newly reestablished position. |
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The Assistant Secretary was the Navy's number-two civilian until 1940, when Congress established the position of Under Secretary of the Navy, who was given oversight of the Assistant Secretary's activities. [[James V. Forrestal]], later [[Secretary of Defense]], was the first to serve as Under Secretary; he held the post until 1944, when he became [[Secretary of the Navy]]. |
The Assistant Secretary was the Navy's number-two civilian until 1940, when Congress established the position of Under Secretary of the Navy, who was given oversight of the Assistant Secretary's activities. [[James V. Forrestal]], later [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]], was the first to serve as Under Secretary; he held the post until 1944, when he became [[Secretary of the Navy]]. |
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During the 20th century, the responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary were divided among several officials. During the 1920s, for example, to reflect the increasing importance of [[naval aviation]], Congress established the position of [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air]]. |
During the 20th century, the responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary were divided among several officials. During the 1920s, for example, to reflect the increasing importance of [[naval aviation]], Congress established the position of [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air]]. |
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The office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy was disestablished in 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
The office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy was disestablished in 1954.<ref name="seclist">{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/research-guides/lists-of-senior-officers-and-civilian-officials-of-the-us-navy/list-of-assistant-secretary-of-the-navy.html |title=List of Assistant Secretary of the Navy |publisher=History.navy.mil |access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref> |
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===Notable officeholders=== |
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⚫ | |||
* U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1897 to 1898, during the William McKinley administration. His short tenure was due to resigning to organize and lead into combat the [[1st United States Volunteer Cavalry]] during the [[Spanish-American War]]. It is notable for his taking the initiative to order Admiral [[George Dewey]] to sail to [[Manila]] where he sank the [[Battle of Manila Bay|Spanish Pacific Fleet]] at the very outset of the war. |
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* U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1897–1898, during the William McKinley administration. |
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* U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 until 1920, and helped to implement Navy policies during [[World War I]]. |
* U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 until 1920, and helped to implement Navy policies during [[World War I]]. |
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*According to author Edward J. Renehan, Jr., no |
* According to author Edward J. Renehan, Jr., no fewer than five members of the extended [[Roosevelt family|Roosevelt clan]] served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy: Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]] who served from 1921 through 1924 under Harding and Coolidge, [[Theodore Douglas Robinson]] (the son of Corinne Roosevelt) who served from 1924 through 1929 under Coolidge, and finally [[Henry Latrobe Roosevelt]], a descendant of [[Robert Fulton]]'s old friend "Steamboat Nicholas" Roosevelt, who served from 1933 through 1936 under FDR.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/TRandNavy.htm |title=Theodore Roosevelt and the Navy by The Theodore Roosevelt Association |publisher=Theodoreroosevelt.org |date=2013-02-01 |access-date=2013-06-17}}</ref> |
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*[[Ralph Austin Bard]] was Assistant Secretary (1941–1944) and then Under Secretary (1944–1945) during [[World War II]]. |
* [[Ralph Austin Bard]] was Assistant Secretary (1941–1944) and then Under Secretary (1944–1945) during [[World War II]]. |
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==Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, 1861-1954<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/organization-and-administration/historical-leadership/office-of-the-secretary-of-the-navy/list-of-assistant-secretary-of-the-navy.html |title=Source: Naval Historical Center Roster List at |publisher=History.navy.mil |date= |accessdate=2013-06-17}}</ref>== |
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⚫ | |||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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!| Picture |
!| Picture |
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!Name |
!Name |
||
!Assumed |
!Assumed office |
||
!Left |
!Left office |
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![[President of the United States|President]] |
![[President of the United States|President]] appointed by |
||
![[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary]] |
![[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary]] served under |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Image:Gustavus Fox.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:Gustavus Fox.jpg|75px]] |
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Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
|[[Hilary Abner Herbert]] |
|[[Hilary Abner Herbert]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Image: |
|[[Image:Col. Theodore Roosevelt LCCN2009631417 (cropped).jpg|75px]] |
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|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
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|April 19, 1897 |
|April 19, 1897 |
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|May 10, 1898 |
|May 10, 1898 |
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|[[William McKinley]] |
|rowspan="3"|[[William McKinley]] |
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|[[John Davis Long]] |
|rowspan="3"|[[John Davis Long]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Image:Charles Herbert Allen, 1898.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:Charles Herbert Allen, 1898.jpg|75px]] |
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Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
|May 11, 1898 |
|May 11, 1898 |
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|April 21, 1900 |
|April 21, 1900 |
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|[[William McKinley]] |
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|[[John Davis Long]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Frank W. Hackett (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
|[[File:Frank W. Hackett (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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Line 84: | Line 82: | ||
|April 24, 1900 |
|April 24, 1900 |
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|December 16, 1901 |
|December 16, 1901 |
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|[[William McKinley]] |
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|[[John Davis Long]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[Image:Charles Hial Darling.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:Charles Hial Darling.jpg|75px]] |
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Line 91: | Line 87: | ||
|December 17, 1901 |
|December 17, 1901 |
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|October 30, 1905 |
|October 30, 1905 |
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|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
|rowspan="3"|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
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|[[John Davis Long]], [[William Henry Moody]], [[Paul Morton]], [[Charles Joseph Bonaparte]] |
|[[John Davis Long]], [[William Henry Moody]], [[Paul Morton (politician)|Paul Morton]], [[Charles Joseph Bonaparte]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Image:Truman Handy Newberry.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:Truman Handy Newberry.jpg|75px]] |
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Line 98: | Line 94: | ||
|November 1, 1905 |
|November 1, 1905 |
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|November 30, 1908 |
|November 30, 1908 |
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|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
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|[[Charles Joseph Bonaparte]], [[Victor Howard Metcalf]] |
|[[Charles Joseph Bonaparte]], [[Victor Howard Metcalf]] |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 105: | Line 100: | ||
|December 3, 1908 |
|December 3, 1908 |
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|March 5, 1909 |
|March 5, 1909 |
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|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |
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|[[Truman Handy Newberry]] |
|[[Truman Handy Newberry]] |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 119: | Line 113: | ||
|March 17, 1913 |
|March 17, 1913 |
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|August 26, 1920 |
|August 26, 1920 |
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|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |
|rowspan="2"|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |
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|[[Josephus Daniels]] |
|rowspan="2"|[[Josephus Daniels]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Gordon Woodbury (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
|[[File:Gordon Woodbury (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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|August 27, 1920 |
|August 27, 1920 |
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|March 9, 1921 |
|March 9, 1921 |
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|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |
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|[[Josephus Daniels]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[Image:LC-DIG-ggbain-37582.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:LC-DIG-ggbain-37582.jpg|75px]] |
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|[[Theodore Roosevelt |
|[[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]] |
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|March 10, 1921 |
|March 10, 1921 |
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|September 30, 1924 |
|September 30, 1924 |
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Line 150: | Line 142: | ||
|[[Charles Francis Adams III]] |
|[[Charles Francis Adams III]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Henry Latrobe Roosevelt (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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⚫ | |||
|[[Henry L. Roosevelt]] |
|[[Henry L. Roosevelt]] |
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|March 17, 1933 |
|March 17, 1933 |
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|February 22, 1936 |
|February 22, 1936 |
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|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
|rowspan="4"|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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|[[Claude Augustus Swanson]] |
|rowspan="2"|[[Claude Augustus Swanson]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Image:Charles Edison.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:Charles Edison.jpg|75px]] |
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|[[Charles Edison]] |
|[[Charles Edison]] |
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|January 18, 1937 |
|January 18, 1937 |
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|January 1, 1940 |
|January 1, 1940 |
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|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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|[[Claude Augustus Swanson]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Lewis Compton (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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| |
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|[[Lewis Compton]] |
|[[Lewis Compton]] |
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|February 9, 1940 |
|February 9, 1940 |
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|January 10, 1941 |
|January 10, 1941 |
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|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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|[[Charles Edison]] |
|[[Charles Edison]] |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 175: | Line 164: | ||
|February 24, 1941 |
|February 24, 1941 |
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|June 24, 1944 |
|June 24, 1944 |
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|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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|[[William Franklin Knox]] |
|[[William Franklin Knox]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Streuve Hensel (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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| |
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|[[H. Struve Hensel]] |
|[[H. Struve Hensel]] |
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|January 30, 1945 |
|January 30, 1945 |
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Line 184: | Line 172: | ||
|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] |
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[[Harry S. Truman]] |
[[Harry S. Truman]] |
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|[[James Vincent Forrestal]] |
|rowspan="2"|[[James Vincent Forrestal]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Image:W. John Kenney.jpg|75px]] |
|[[Image:W. John Kenney.jpg|75px]] |
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Line 190: | Line 178: | ||
|March 1, 1946 |
|March 1, 1946 |
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|September 19, 1947 |
|September 19, 1947 |
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|[[Harry S. Truman]] |
|rowspan="4"|[[Harry S. Truman]] |
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|[[James Vincent Forrestal]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Mark E. Andrews (Assistant Secretary of the Navy).jpg|75px]] |
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| |
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|[[Mark E. Andrews]] |
|[[Mark E. Andrews]] |
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|January 21, 1948 |
|January 21, 1948 |
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|February 15, 1949 |
|February 15, 1949 |
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|[[Harry S. Truman]] |
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|[[John L. Sullivan]] |
|[[John L. Sullivan]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:John theodore koehler in washington dc 1942.jpg|75px]] |
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| |
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|[[John T. Koehler]] |
|[[John T. Koehler]] |
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|February 18, 1949 |
|February 18, 1949 |
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|October 3, 1951 |
|October 3, 1951 |
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|[[Harry S. Truman]] |
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|[[Francis P. Matthews]] |
|[[Francis P. Matthews]] |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 211: | Line 196: | ||
|October 3, 1951 |
|October 3, 1951 |
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|January 20, 1953 |
|January 20, 1953 |
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|[[Harry S. Truman]] |
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|[[Dan A. Kimball]] |
|[[Dan A. Kimball]] |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 219: | Line 203: | ||
|October 4, 1954 |
|October 4, 1954 |
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|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] |
|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] |
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|[[Robert B. Anderson]], [[Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)|Charles S. Thomas]] |
|[[Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)|Robert B. Anderson]], [[Charles Thomas (Secretary of the Navy)|Charles S. Thomas]] |
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⚫ | |||
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref name="seclist" /> |
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|} |
|} |
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==Defunct |
==Defunct offices bearing the title of "Assistant Secretary of the Navy"== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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!Office |
!Office name |
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!Year |
!Year created |
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!Year |
!Year abolished |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)]] |
|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Logistics)]] |
|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Logistics)]] |
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| |
|c. 1960s? |
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| |
|c. 1970s? |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Material)]] |
|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Material)]] |
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| |
|c. 1950s? |
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| |
|c. 1950s? |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)|Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research and Development)]] |
|[[Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR)|Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research and Development)]] |
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|} |
|} |
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== |
==References== |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
*[[United States Department of the Navy]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[ |
* [https://www.archives.gov/research_room/federal_records_guide/general_department_of_navy_1798_1947_rg080.html#80.3.1 80.3.1 Records of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy] General Records of the Department of the Navy, 1798-1947 (Record Group 80) 1804–1958, from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration |
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*[http://www.history.navy.mil Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.] Source for papers and photos of various Assistant Secretaries of the Navy |
* [http://www.history.navy.mil Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.] Source for papers and photos of various Assistant Secretaries of the Navy |
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*[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/organization/org-sec.asp Navy Organization – The Secretariat] An organizational chart for the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, Dept. of the Navy |
* [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/organization/org-sec.asp Navy Organization – The Secretariat] An organizational chart for the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, Dept. of the Navy |
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==References== |
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⚫ | |||
{{USSecNavy}} |
{{USSecNavy}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Assistant Secretary Of The Navy}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Assistant Secretary Of The Navy}} |
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[[Category:United States Navy organization]] |
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[[Category:1861 establishments in the United States]] |
[[Category:1861 establishments in the United States]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[Category:United States Assistant Secretaries of the Navy|*]] |
[[Category:United States Assistant Secretaries of the Navy|*]] |
Latest revision as of 17:01, 18 October 2024
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (ASN) is the title given to certain civilian senior officials in the United States Department of the Navy.
From 1861 to 1954, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was the second-highest civilian office in the Department of the Navy (reporting to the United States Secretary of the Navy). That role has since been supplanted by the office of Under Secretary of the Navy and the office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy has been abolished. There have, however, been a number of offices bearing the phrase "Assistant Secretary of the Navy" in their title (see below for details).
At present, there are four Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, each of whom reports to and assists the Secretary of the Navy and the Under Secretary of the Navy:
- Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)
- Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
- Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
- Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment)
- The General Counsel of the Navy is equivalent in rank to the four Assistant Secretaries.
History
[edit]The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy was established in 1861, to provide a senior deputy to the Secretary. The Assistant Secretary was responsible for the Navy's civilian personnel, as well as for administration of shore facilities (such as naval bases and shipyards). Gustavus Fox was the first to hold the post, serving throughout the Civil War. The office was disestablished in 1869, during Reconstruction, but was reestablished by Congress on July 11, 1890. James R. Soley was the first to be appointed to the newly reestablished position.
The Assistant Secretary was the Navy's number-two civilian until 1940, when Congress established the position of Under Secretary of the Navy, who was given oversight of the Assistant Secretary's activities. James V. Forrestal, later Secretary of Defense, was the first to serve as Under Secretary; he held the post until 1944, when he became Secretary of the Navy.
During the 20th century, the responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary were divided among several officials. During the 1920s, for example, to reflect the increasing importance of naval aviation, Congress established the position of Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air.
The office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy was disestablished in 1954.[1]
Notable officeholders
[edit]- U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1897 to 1898, during the William McKinley administration. His short tenure was due to resigning to organize and lead into combat the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry during the Spanish-American War. It is notable for his taking the initiative to order Admiral George Dewey to sail to Manila where he sank the Spanish Pacific Fleet at the very outset of the war.
- U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 until 1920, and helped to implement Navy policies during World War I.
- According to author Edward J. Renehan, Jr., no fewer than five members of the extended Roosevelt clan served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy: Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Jr. who served from 1921 through 1924 under Harding and Coolidge, Theodore Douglas Robinson (the son of Corinne Roosevelt) who served from 1924 through 1929 under Coolidge, and finally Henry Latrobe Roosevelt, a descendant of Robert Fulton's old friend "Steamboat Nicholas" Roosevelt, who served from 1933 through 1936 under FDR.[2]
- Ralph Austin Bard was Assistant Secretary (1941–1944) and then Under Secretary (1944–1945) during World War II.
Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, 1861–1954
[edit]Defunct offices bearing the title of "Assistant Secretary of the Navy"
[edit]Office name | Year created | Year abolished |
---|---|---|
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR) | 1926 | 1959 |
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Logistics) | c. 1960s? | c. 1970s? |
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Material) | c. 1950s? | c. 1950s? |
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research and Development) | 1959 | 1977 |
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Engineering and Systems) | 1977 | 1990 |
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Shipbuilding and Logistics) | 1990 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b "List of Assistant Secretary of the Navy". History.navy.mil. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Theodore Roosevelt and the Navy by The Theodore Roosevelt Association". Theodoreroosevelt.org. 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
External links
[edit]- 80.3.1 Records of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy General Records of the Department of the Navy, 1798-1947 (Record Group 80) 1804–1958, from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
- Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C. Source for papers and photos of various Assistant Secretaries of the Navy
- Navy Organization – The Secretariat An organizational chart for the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, Dept. of the Navy