Anne Fausto-Sterling: Difference between revisions

Anne Fausto-Sterling
Anne Fausto-Sterling
	Fausto-Sterling in 2019
Born	Anne Sterling; July 30, 1944 (age 80); New York City, U.S.
Education	University of Wisconsin (BA); Brown University (PhD);
Spouse	Paula Vogel (m. 2004)
	Scientific career
Fields	Biology; Women's studies
Institutions	Brown University
	Writing career
Notable works	Sexing the Body (2000)

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Anne Fausto-Sterling (née Sterling; born July 30, 1944) is an American sexologist who has written extensively on the social construction of gender, sexual identity, gender identity, gender roles, and intersexuality. She is the Nancy Duke Lewis Professor Emerita of Biology and Gender Studies at Brown University.^[1]

Life and career

Fausto-Sterling's mother, Dorothy Sterling, was a noted writer and historian while her father was also a published writer.^[2] Fausto-Sterling received her Bachelor of Arts degree in zoology from the University of Wisconsin in 1965 and her Ph.D. in developmental genetics from Brown University in 1970. After earning her Ph.D. she joined the faculty of Brown, where she was appointed Nancy Duke Lewis Professor of Biology and Gender Studies.

In a 1993 paper titled "The Five Sexes", Fausto-Sterling laid out a thought experiment considering an alternative model of gender containing five sexes: male, female, merm, ferm, and herm.^[3] She later said that the paper "had intended to be provocative, but I had also written with tongue firmly in cheek".^[4]

Fausto-Sterling has written two books intended for a general audience. The first of those books, Myths of Gender, was first published in 1985.^[5] Her second book for the general public is Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality, published in 2000.^[6]^[7] In the book she sets out to "convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development."^[8]

Fausto-Sterling married Paula Vogel, a Yale professor and Pulitzer-winning playwright, in 2004.^[2] She has served on the editorial board of the journal Perspectives in Biology and Medicine and on the advisory board of the feminist academic journal Signs.^[9]^[10] She retired from Brown University in 2014, after 44 years on the faculty.^[11]

Reception

Historian of science Evelynn M. Hammonds describes Fausto-Sterling as one of the most influential feminist scientists of her generation.^[12] Reviewing Myths of Gender in the Los Angeles Times, Elaine Kendall writes that "Her most dramatic and valuable chapters concentrate upon the lingering educational misapprehensions operating to keep women away from the 'hard' sciences and out of such lucrative fields as engineering, sidetracking them instead into lower-paying careers in the humanities or the 'nurturant' professions."^[13] Publishers Weekly describes Fausto-Sterling's work as "insightful", stating that Sexing the Body "offers profound challenges to scientific research, the creation of social policy and the future of feminist and gender theory."^[14]

Fausto-Sterling's sexual continuum argument has not gained the same prominence in the biological sciences as it has in gender studies.^[15] French anthropologist Priscille Touraille called Fausto-Sterling an isolated case which has failed to create a consensus or controversy among biologists.^[16] Physician and psychologist Leonard Sax criticized Fausto-Sterling's theory of a sexual continuum. He also argued that her claim that around 1.7% of births are intersex is incorrect, because most of the conditions she considered intersex are not considered intersex from a clinical perspective.^[17] Philosopher of science David N. Stamos argued that Fausto-Sterling's theory of a sexual continuum is problematic because sex, for Stamos, is defined by gamete type.^[18]^[19] The psychologist Suzanne Kessler, in her book Lessons from the Intersexed, criticized Fausto-Sterling's analysis in "The Five Sexes" because it "still gives genitals...primary signifying status and ignores the fact that in the everyday world gender attributions are made without access to genital inspection." Kessler further commented that "What has primacy in everyday life is the gender that is performed, regardless of the flesh's configuration under the clothes."^[20] In a later paper titled "The Five Sexes, Revisited", Fausto-Sterling wrote that she now agreed with Kessler's objections to the five-sex theory.^[4]

Publications

Books

Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. 1992. ISBN 0-465-04792-0.
Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. New York: Basic Books. 2000. ISBN 0-465-07714-5.
Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World. New York: Routledge. 2012. ISBN 978-0-415-88145-6.

Book chapters

Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2014). "Nature". In Stimpson, Catherine R.; Herdt, Gilbert (eds.). Critical Terms for the Study of Gender. University of Chicago Press. pp. 294–315. doi:10.13140/2.1.3621.3129. ISBN 978-0-2260-1021-2 – via ResearchGate.

References

^ "Anne Fausto-Sterling". vivo.brown.edu. Brown University. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Paula Vogel, Anne Fausto-Sterling". The New York Times. September 26, 2004. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
^ Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1993). "The Five Sexes: Why male and female are not enough". The Sciences (March/April 1993): 20–24. doi:10.1002/j.2326-1951.1993.tb03081.x. ISSN 0036-861X. S2CID 150941248 – via ResearchGate.
^ ^a ^b Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). "The Five Sexes, Revisited". The Sciences. 40 (4): 18–23. doi:10.1002/j.2326-1951.2000.tb03504.x. ISSN 0036-861X. PMID 12569934 – via ResearchGate.
Reprinted in: Baca Zinn, Maxine; Messner, Michael A.; Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, eds. (2016). Gender Through the Prism of Difference (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-0-1902-0004-6.
^ Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1985). Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-4650-4790-4.
^ Stanley, William B. (2001). "Deconstructing the discourse of sexual dimorphism: rethinking, bending, and crossing sexual boundaries". The Journal of Sex Research. 38 (1): 83–86. doi:10.1080/00224490109552072. ISSN 0022-4499. JSTOR 3813268. S2CID 216090456.
^ Tiefer, Leonore (April 2000). "Review: Hormone Mistreatment". The Women's Review of Books. 17 (7): 8–9. doi:10.2307/4023398. ISSN 0738-1433. JSTOR 4023398.
^ Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. New York: Basic Books. p. ix. ISBN 0-465-07714-5.
^ "Editorial Board | JHU Press". www.press.jhu.edu. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
^ "Masthead". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
^ Davis, Riley (April 23, 2014). "Fausto-Sterling retires, leaving legacy across disciplines". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
^ Hammonds, Evelynn M. (2016). "Anne Fausto-Sterling". In Marso, Lori J. (ed.). Fifty-One Key Feminist Thinkers. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-19275-6.
^ Kendall, Elaine (December 24, 1985). "Book Review: Biologist Trashes Some Gender Myths". Los Angeles Times. p. 4. ISSN 0458-3035.
^ "Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality". Publishers Weekly. January 31, 2000.
^ Borghini, Andrea; Casetta, Elena (2019). Brill's Companion to the Philosophy of Biology: Entities, Processes, Implications. BRILL. p. 181. ISBN 978-90-04-40016-0.
^ Touraille, Priscille (2011). "Déplacer les frontières conceptuelles du genre". Journal des Anthropologues (in French) (124–125): 49–69. doi:10.4000/jda.5267. S2CID 118087079.
^ Sax, Leonard (August 2002). "How common is intersex? a response to Anne Fausto-Sterling". Journal of Sex Research. 39 (3): 174–178. doi:10.1080/00224490209552139. ISSN 0022-4499. PMID 12476264. S2CID 33795209. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ Morgan, Gregory J.; Singh, Tina; Donovan, Sean; Watson, David J.; Boos, Jonathan; Hu, John; DeSchryver, Cassidy L.; Crosby, Brittany K.; Vilkeliskis, Tadas; Worthmann, Brian; Sagona, Steven (2011). "Does Evolutionary Theory Offer Insight into Epistemology, Consciousness, Sex, Race, Religion, Ethics, and the Meaning of Life?". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 4 (4): 701–705. doi:10.1007/s12052-011-0378-6. ISSN 1936-6434.
^ Stamos, David N. (2011). Evolution and the Big Questions: Sex, Race, Religion, and Other Matters. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5900-8.^{[page needed]}
^ Kessler, Suzanne J. (1998). Lessons from the Intersexed. Rutgers University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8135-2529-7.

External links

Official website
Brown University research profile
Brown University faculty profile
Anne Fausto-Sterling Papers - Pembroke Center Archives, Brown University
Anne Fausto-Sterling on the Muck Rack journalist listing site

[1] "Anne Fausto-Sterling". vivo.brown.edu. Brown University. Retrieved May 5, 2022.

[NYT_Wedding-2] "Paula Vogel, Anne Fausto-Sterling". The New York Times. September 26, 2004. Retrieved July 21, 2007.

[Fausto-Sterling_1993-3] Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1993). "The Five Sexes: Why male and female are not enough". The Sciences (March/April 1993): 20–24. doi:10.1002/j.2326-1951.1993.tb03081.x. ISSN 0036-861X. S2CID 150941248 – via ResearchGate.

[Fausto-Sterling_2000-4] Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). "The Five Sexes, Revisited". The Sciences. 40 (4): 18–23. doi:10.1002/j.2326-1951.2000.tb03504.x. ISSN 0036-861X. PMID 12569934 – via ResearchGate.
Reprinted in: Baca Zinn, Maxine; Messner, Michael A.; Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, eds. (2016). Gender Through the Prism of Difference (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-0-1902-0004-6.

[Fausto-Sterling_1985-5] Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1985). Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-4650-4790-4.

[Stanley_2000-6] Stanley, William B. (2001). "Deconstructing the discourse of sexual dimorphism: rethinking, bending, and crossing sexual boundaries". The Journal of Sex Research. 38 (1): 83–86. doi:10.1080/00224490109552072. ISSN 0022-4499. JSTOR 3813268. S2CID 216090456.

[Tiefer_2000-7] Tiefer, Leonore (April 2000). "Review: Hormone Mistreatment". The Women's Review of Books. 17 (7): 8–9. doi:10.2307/4023398. ISSN 0738-1433. JSTOR 4023398.

[Fausto=Sterling_2000_px-8] Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. New York: Basic Books. p. ix. ISBN 0-465-07714-5.

[9] "Editorial Board | JHU Press". www.press.jhu.edu. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

[10] "Masthead". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

[11] Davis, Riley (April 23, 2014). "Fausto-Sterling retires, leaving legacy across disciplines". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved June 12, 2021.

[12] Hammonds, Evelynn M. (2016). "Anne Fausto-Sterling". In Marso, Lori J. (ed.). Fifty-One Key Feminist Thinkers. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-19275-6.

[Kendall_1985-13] Kendall, Elaine (December 24, 1985). "Book Review: Biologist Trashes Some Gender Myths". Los Angeles Times. p. 4. ISSN 0458-3035.

[PW_2000-14] "Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality". Publishers Weekly. January 31, 2000.

[15] Borghini, Andrea; Casetta, Elena (2019). Brill's Companion to the Philosophy of Biology: Entities, Processes, Implications. BRILL. p. 181. ISBN 978-90-04-40016-0.

[16] Touraille, Priscille (2011). "Déplacer les frontières conceptuelles du genre". Journal des Anthropologues (in French) (124–125): 49–69. doi:10.4000/jda.5267. S2CID 118087079.

[sax-17] Sax, Leonard (August 2002). "How common is intersex? a response to Anne Fausto-Sterling". Journal of Sex Research. 39 (3): 174–178. doi:10.1080/00224490209552139. ISSN 0022-4499. PMID 12476264. S2CID 33795209. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[18] Morgan, Gregory J.; Singh, Tina; Donovan, Sean; Watson, David J.; Boos, Jonathan; Hu, John; DeSchryver, Cassidy L.; Crosby, Brittany K.; Vilkeliskis, Tadas; Worthmann, Brian; Sagona, Steven (2011). "Does Evolutionary Theory Offer Insight into Epistemology, Consciousness, Sex, Race, Religion, Ethics, and the Meaning of Life?". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 4 (4): 701–705. doi:10.1007/s12052-011-0378-6. ISSN 1936-6434.

[19] Stamos, David N. (2011). Evolution and the Big Questions: Sex, Race, Religion, and Other Matters. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5900-8.^{[page needed]}

[20] Kessler, Suzanne J. (1998). Lessons from the Intersexed. Rutgers University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8135-2529-7.

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+{{Short description|American sexologist}}
-'''Anne Fausto-Sterling''', Ph.D., (born [[1944]]) is Professor of Biology and Women's Studies at [[Brown University]]. She participates actively in the field of [[sexology]] and has written extensively on the fields of [[sexual identity]], [[gender identity]], and [[gender role]]s.
+{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
+{{Infobox scientist
+| name              = Anne Fausto-Sterling
+| image             = Anne Fausto-Sterling-IMG 9101.JPG
+| caption           = Fausto-Sterling in 2019
+| birth_name        = Anne Sterling
+| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1944|7|30}}
+| birth_place       = New York City, U.S.
+| fields            = [[Biology]]<br />[[Women's studies]]
+| workplaces        = [[Brown University]]
+| education         = {{plainlist|
+* [[University of Wisconsin]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
+* [[Brown University]] (PhD)
+}}
+| occupation        =
+| doctoral_advisor  =
+| academic_advisors =
+| doctoral_students =
+| notable_students  =
+| author_abbrev_bot =
+| author_abbrev_zoo =
+| spouse            = {{Marriage|[[Paula Vogel]]|2004}}
+| influences        =
+| influenced        =
+| awards            =
+| module            = {{Infobox writer|embed=yes
+| notable_works    = ''[[Sexing the Body]]'' (2000)
+}}
+| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
+| signature_alt     =
+| footnotes         =
+}}
+'''Anne Fausto-Sterling''' ({{née}} '''Sterling'''; born July 30, 1944) is an American [[sexologist]] who has written extensively on the [[social construction of gender]], [[sexual identity]], [[gender identity]], [[gender role]]s, and [[intersexuality]]. She is the Nancy Duke Lewis Professor Emerita of Biology and Gender Studies at [[Brown University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Fausto-Sterling |url=https://vivo.brown.edu/display/afaustos |website=vivo.brown.edu |publisher=Brown University |access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref>
-She has written two books intended for the general audience.  The second edition of the first of those books, ''Myths of Gender'' (ISBN 0-465-04792-0), was published in 1992.
+==Life and career==
-Her second book for the general public is ''Sexing the Body'' (ISBN 0465077145), published in [[2000]].  She stated that in it she sets out to "convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development."
+Fausto-Sterling's mother, [[Dorothy Sterling]], was a noted writer and historian while her father was also a published writer.<ref name="NYT Wedding">{{cite web |title=Paula Vogel, Anne Fausto-Sterling |work=The New York Times |date=2004-09-26 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/26/fashion/weddings/26VOGE.html?ex=1185163200&en=74206651722ac22b&ei=5070 |access-date=2007-07-21 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Fausto-Sterling received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[zoology]] from the [[University of Wisconsin]] in 1965 and her Ph.D. in [[developmental genetics]] from [[Brown University]] in 1970. After earning her Ph.D. she joined the faculty of Brown, where she was appointed Nancy Duke Lewis Professor of Biology and Gender Studies.
+In a 1993 paper titled "{{vanchor|The Five Sexes}}", Fausto-Sterling laid out a thought experiment considering an alternative model of [[gender]] containing five sexes: [[male]], [[female]], merm, ferm, and [[Hermaphrodite|herm]].<ref name="Fausto-Sterling 1993">{{cite journal |author=Fausto-Sterling, Anne |title=The Five Sexes: Why male and female are not enough |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239657377 |journal=The Sciences |year=1993 |issue=March/April 1993 |pages=20–24 |s2cid=150941248 |doi=10.1002/j.2326-1951.1993.tb03081.x |issn=0036-861X |via=ResearchGate}}</ref>
-She once claimed, in a paper entitled "The Five Sexes," that there were five sexes: [[male]], [[female]], merm, ferm, and herm. Advocates for [[intersexual]] people stated that this theory was wrong, confusing and unhelpful to the interests of intersexual people. In response she has since stated that she no longer advocates the use of these terms.
+She later said that the paper "had intended to be provocative, but I had also written with tongue firmly in cheek".<ref name="Fausto-Sterling 2000">{{cite journal |author=Fausto-Sterling, Anne |title=The Five Sexes, Revisited |journal=The Sciences |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=18–23 |year=2000 |pmid=12569934 |issn=0036-861X |doi=10.1002/j.2326-1951.2000.tb03504.x |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10915274 |via=ResearchGate}} {{block indent |left=1 |Reprinted in: {{cite book |editor1-last=Baca Zinn |editor1-first=Maxine |editor2-last=Messner |editor2-first=Michael A. |editor3-last=Hondagneu-Sotelo |editor3-first=Pierrette |title=Gender Through the Prism of Difference |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-1902-0004-6 |pages=17–21 |edition=5th}} }}</ref>
+Fausto-Sterling has written two books intended for a general audience. The first of those books, ''Myths of Gender'', was first published in 1985.<ref name="Fausto-Sterling 1985">{{cite book |author=Fausto-Sterling, Anne |title=Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=1985 |edition=1st |isbn=0-4650-4790-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/mythsofgenderbio00faus/page/n8/mode/1up |url-access=registration}}</ref>
-Fausto-Sterling also takes an interest in how [[flatworm]]s (more precisely planaria) manage to reproduce themselves asexually.
+Her second book for the general public is ''[[Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality]]'', published in 2000.<ref name="Stanley 2000">{{cite journal |last=Stanley |first=William B. |title=Deconstructing the discourse of sexual dimorphism: rethinking, bending, and crossing sexual boundaries |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=83–86 |date=2001 |doi=10.1080/00224490109552072 |s2cid=216090456 |jstor=3813268 |issn=0022-4499}}</ref><ref name="Tiefer 2000">{{cite journal |last1=Tiefer |first1=Leonore |title=Review: Hormone Mistreatment |journal=The Women's Review of Books |date=April 2000 |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=8–9 |doi=10.2307/4023398 |jstor=4023398 |issn=0738-1433}}</ref>
+In the book she sets out to "convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development."<ref name="Fausto=Sterling 2000 px">{{cite book |author=Fausto-Sterling, Anne |title=Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=2000 |page=ix |isbn=0-465-07714-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780465077137/page/n12/mode/1up |url-access=registration}}</ref>
+Fausto-Sterling married [[Paula Vogel]], a [[Yale University|Yale professor]] and [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama|Pulitzer-winning playwright]], in 2004.{{r|NYT Wedding}}
+She has served on the editorial board of the journal ''[[Perspectives in Biology and Medicine]]'' and on the advisory board of the feminist academic journal ''[[Signs (journal)|Signs]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives-biology-and-medicine/editorial-board |title=Editorial Board {{!}} JHU Press |website=www.press.jhu.edu |language=en |access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://signsjournal.org/about-signs/masthead/ |title=Masthead |date=2012-08-22 |work=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |access-date=2017-08-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>
+She retired from Brown University in 2014, after 44 years on the faculty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Riley |date=2014-04-23 |title=Fausto-Sterling retires, leaving legacy across disciplines |url=https://www.browndailyherald.com/2014/04/23/fausto-sterling-retires-leaving-legacy-across-disciplines/ |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=Brown Daily Herald |language=en-US}}</ref>
+== Reception ==
+Historian of science [[Evelynn M. Hammonds]] describes Fausto-Sterling as one of the most influential [[feminist]] scientists of her generation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hammonds |first=Evelynn M. |chapter=Anne Fausto-Sterling |editor-last=Marso |editor-first=Lori J. |title=Fifty-One Key Feminist Thinkers |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-19275-6 |language=en}}</ref> Reviewing ''Myths of Gender'' in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Elaine Kendall writes that "Her most dramatic and valuable chapters concentrate upon the lingering educational misapprehensions operating to keep women away from the 'hard' sciences and out of such lucrative fields as engineering, sidetracking them instead into lower-paying careers in the humanities or the 'nurturant' professions."<ref name="Kendall 1985">{{cite news |last=Kendall |first=Elaine |title=Book Review: Biologist Trashes Some Gender Myths |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=24 December 1985 |page=4 |issn=0458-3035 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-24-vw-21006-story.html |url-access=limited}}</ref> ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' describes Fausto-Sterling's work as "insightful", stating that ''Sexing the Body'' "offers profound challenges to scientific research, the creation of social policy and the future of feminist and gender theory."<ref name="PW 2000">{{cite web |title=Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality |date=31 January 2000 |website=Publishers Weekly |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-465-07713-7}}</ref>
+Fausto-Sterling's sexual continuum argument has not gained the same prominence in the biological sciences as it has in [[gender studies]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Borghini |first1=Andrea |title=Brill's Companion to the Philosophy of Biology: Entities, Processes, Implications |last2=Casetta |first2=Elena |date=2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-40016-0 |page=181 |language=en}}</ref> French anthropologist Priscille Touraille called Fausto-Sterling an isolated case which has failed to create a consensus or controversy among biologists.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Touraille |first=Priscille |date=2011 |title=Déplacer les frontières conceptuelles du genre |journal=Journal des Anthropologues |issue=124–125 |pages=49–69 |doi=10.4000/jda.5267 |s2cid=118087079 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jda/5267 |language=fr|doi-access=free }}</ref> Physician and psychologist [[Leonard Sax]] criticized Fausto-Sterling's theory of a sexual continuum. He also argued that her claim that around 1.7% of births are intersex is incorrect, because most of the conditions she considered intersex are not considered intersex from a clinical perspective.<ref name="sax">{{cite journal |last1=Sax |first1=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Sax |date=August 2002 |title=How common is intersex? a response to Anne Fausto-Sterling |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476264/ |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=174–178 |doi=10.1080/00224490209552139 |issn=0022-4499 |pmid=12476264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618100621/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476264/ |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |s2cid=33795209 |access-date=June 11, 2021 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Philosopher of science [[David N. Stamos]] argued that Fausto-Sterling's theory of a sexual continuum is problematic because [[sex]], for Stamos, is defined by gamete type.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Gregory J. |last2=Singh |first2=Tina |last3=Donovan |first3=Sean |last4=Watson |first4=David J. |last5=Boos |first5=Jonathan |last6=Hu |first6=John |last7=DeSchryver |first7=Cassidy L. |last8=Crosby |first8=Brittany K. |last9=Vilkeliskis |first9=Tadas |last10=Worthmann |first10=Brian |last11=Sagona |first11=Steven |date=2011 |title=Does Evolutionary Theory Offer Insight into Epistemology, Consciousness, Sex, Race, Religion, Ethics, and the Meaning of Life? |journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach |language=en |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=701–705 |doi=10.1007/s12052-011-0378-6 |issn=1936-6434 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stamos |first=David N. |title=Evolution and the Big Questions: Sex, Race, Religion, and Other Matters |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-5900-8 |language=en}}{{Page needed|date=May 2022}}</ref> The psychologist [[Suzanne Kessler]], in her book ''Lessons from the Intersexed'', criticized Fausto-Sterling's analysis in "The Five Sexes" because it "still gives genitals...primary signifying status and ignores the fact that in the everyday world gender attributions are made without access to genital inspection." Kessler further commented that "What has primacy in everyday life is the gender that is performed, regardless of the flesh's configuration under the clothes."<ref>{{cite book |last=Kessler |first=Suzanne J. |title=Lessons from the Intersexed |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8135-2529-7 |page=90}}</ref> In a later paper titled "The Five Sexes, Revisited", Fausto-Sterling wrote that she now agreed with Kessler's objections to the five-sex theory.<ref name="Fausto-Sterling 2000" />
+== Publications ==
+===Books===
+* {{cite book |author=<!--Fausto-Sterling, Anne--> |title=Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=1992 |edition=2nd |isbn=0-465-04792-0}}
+* {{cite book |author=<!--Fausto-Sterling, Anne--> |title=Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-465-07714-5 |title-link=Sexing the Body}}
+* {{cite book |author=<!--Fausto-Sterling, Anne--> |title=Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-88145-6}}
+===Book chapters===
+* {{Cite book |last=Fausto-Sterling |first=Anne |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265641239 |chapter=Nature |title=Critical Terms for the Study of Gender |publisher=University of Chicago Press |date=2014 |editor1-first=Catherine R. |editor1-last=Stimpson |editor2-first=Gilbert |editor2-last=Herdt |pages=294–315 |language=en |isbn=978-0-2260-1021-2 |doi=10.13140/2.1.3621.3129 |doi-access=free |via=ResearchGate}}
+==See also==
+* [[Feminist sexology]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite magazine |last=Bronski |first=Michael |title=In the realm of the sexes: biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling believes there are actually five distinct genders |magazine=The Advocate |date=March 14, 2000 |issn=0001-8996}}
+* {{cite news |last1=Dreifus |first1=Claudia |title=A Conversation With -- Anne Fausto-sterling; Exploring What Makes Us Male or Female |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/02/science/a-conversation-with-anne-fausto-sterling-exploring-what-makes-us-male-or-female.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 January 2001 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited |page=F3}}
+* {{cite journal |last=Fausto-Sterling |first=Anne |date=2004  |title=Sexing the Body: How Biologists Construct Human Sexuality |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume= |issn=1434-4599 |url=http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/sterling.htm |archive-date=5 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105184513/http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/sterling.htm}}
+* {{cite news |last1=Kevles |first1=Daniel J. |title=White Coats and Black Hats |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/29/books/white-coats-and-black-hats.html |work=The New York Times |date=29 December 1985 |at=Section 7, p. 12 |issn=0362-4331}} (Review of ''Myths of Gender''.)
+* {{Cite journal |last=Touraille |first=Priscille |others=Justin W. Gibson (translator) |title=On the critiques of the concept of sex: an interview with Anne Fausto-Sterling |journal=[[Differences (journal)|differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies]] |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=189–205 |doi=10.1215/10407391-3522805 |date=2016 |issn=1040-7391}}
+* {{cite news |first=Courtney |last=Weaver |title=Birds Do It |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 26, 2000 |page=X06 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-03/26/036r-032600-idx.html |issn=0190-8286}} (Review of ''Sexing the Body''.)
 ==External links==
+{{Commons}}
-* [http://bms.brown.edu/faculty/f/afs/afs.html Brown University - faculty page]
+* {{official website|http://www.annefaustosterling.com/}}
-* [http://www.mtsu.edu/~phollowa/5sexes.html The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough]
+* [http://research.brown.edu/research/profile.php?id=1100924089 Brown University research profile]
-* [http://www.symposion.com/ijt/gilbert/sterling.htm Sexing the Body: How Biologists Construct Human Sexuality]
+* [https://brown.edu/Faculty/COSTS/people/facultypage.php?id=1100924089 Brown University faculty profile]
-* http://www.isna.org/faq/faq-gender.html
+* [https://library.brown.edu/collatoz/info.php?id=56/ Anne Fausto-Sterling Papers] - Pembroke Center Archives, Brown University
+* {{Muck Rack|anne-fausto-sterling}}
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:1944 births|Fausto-Sterling, Anne]]
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Fausto-Sterling, Anne}}
-[[Category:Living people|Fausto-Sterling, Anne]]
+[[Category:1944 births]]
-[[Category:American academics|Fausto-Sterling, Anne]]
+[[Category:20th-century American biologists]]
-[[Category:Sexologists|Fausto-Sterling, Anne]]
+[[Category:20th-century American women scientists]]
-[[Category:Gender studies|Fausto-Sterling, Anne]]
+[[Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people]]
+[[Category:21st-century American biologists]]
-[[de:Anne Fausto-Sterling]]
+[[Category:21st-century American women scientists]]
+[[Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people]]
+[[Category:Activists from New York City]]
+[[Category:American feminist writers]]
+[[Category:American geneticists]]
+[[Category:American sexologists]]
+[[Category:Brown University faculty]]
+[[Category:Feminist theorists]]
+[[Category:American gender studies academics]]
+[[Category:Intersex and medicine]]
+[[Category:American LGBTQ academics]]
+[[Category:LGBTQ people from New York (state)]]
+[[Category:American LGBTQ rights activists]]
+[[Category:American LGBTQ scientists]]
+[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Scientists from New York City]]
+[[Category:Transgender studies academics]]
+[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
+[[Category:Women sexologists]]
+[[Category:Biologists from New York (state)]]

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