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Coordinates: 49°02′N 0°15′E / 49.033°N 0.250°E / 49.033; 0.250
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{{More citations needed|date=November 2010}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2010}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions -->
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| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|49|02|N|0|15|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|49|02|N|0|15|E|region:FR-14_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
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| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = [[New Centre]]
| leader_party = [[New Centre]]
| leader_title = [[President of the general council|President of the General Council]]
| leader_title = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name = [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| leader_name = [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]]
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
| area_magnitude =
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| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_total = 693679
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|34th]]
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|34th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| area_code_type =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| iso_code = FR-14
| website =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}
}}


'''Calvados''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|æ|l|v|ə|d|ɒ|s}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|æ|l|v|ə|ˈ|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|ɑː|l|v|ə|ˈ|-}}, {{IPA-fr|kalvados|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Calvados.wav}}){{needs IPA|Norman}} is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] in northwestern [[France]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calvados}}</ref> It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the English Channel coast. It borders the [[English Channel]] to the north, [[Manche]] to the west, [[Orne]] to the south, and [[Eure]] to the west. It also have Maritime border with [[Seine-Maritime]].
'''Calvados''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|æ|l|v|ə|d|ɒ|s}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|æ|l|v|ə|ˈ|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|ɑː|l|v|ə|ˈ|-}}, {{IPA|fr|kalvados|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Calvados.wav}}){{needs IPA|Norman|lang=nrf|date=March 2024}} is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] in northwestern [[France]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calvados}}</ref> It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep14.pdf Populations légales 2019: 14 Calvados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111233652/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep14.pdf |date=11 November 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{historical populations|11=1791|12=391,352|13=1801|14=451,836|15=1806|16=505,210|17=1821|18=492,613|19=1831|20=494,702|21=1841|22=496,198|23=1851|24=491,210|25=1861|26=480,992|27=1872|28=454,012|29=1881|30=439,830|31=1891|32=428,945|33=1901|34=410,178|35=1911|36=396,318|37=1921|38=384,730|39=1931|40=401,356|41=1936|42=404,901|43=1946|44=400,026|45=1954|46=442,991|47=1962|48=480,757|49=1968|50=519,695|51=1975|52=560,967|53=1982|54=589,559|55=1990|56=618,478|57=1999|58=648,385|59=2006|60=671,351|61=2016|62=693,679|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://splaf.free.fr/ Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France]</ref>}}Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790, in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had been part of the [[provinces of France|former province]] of [[Normandy]]. The name "Orne-Inférieure" was originally proposed, but it was ultimately called Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast.
Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790, in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had been part of the [[provinces of France|former province]] of [[Normandy]]. The name "Orne-Inférieure" was originally proposed, but it was ultimately called Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast.


One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the ''Salvador'', a ship from the [[Spanish Armada]] that sank by the rocks near [[Arromanches-les-bains]] in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name ''Calvados'' was derived from ''calva dorsa'', meaning ''bare backs'', in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.<ref>{{Cite book
One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the ''Salvador'', a ship from the [[Spanish Armada]] that sank by the rocks near [[Arromanches-les-bains]] in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name ''Calvados'' was derived from ''calva dorsa'', meaning ''bare backs'', in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.<ref>{{Cite book
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==Geography==
==Geography==
Calvados belongs to the region of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]]. To the north is the [[Baie de la Seine]], part of the [[English Channel]]. On the east, the river [[Seine]] forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the [[Bessin]] area, the [[Pays d'Auge]] and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland").
Calvados belongs to the region of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] and borders the departments of [[Seine-Maritime]] (maritime border), [[Eure]], [[Orne]] and [[Manche]]. To the north is the [[Baie de la Seine]], part of the [[English Channel]]. On the east, the river [[Seine]] forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the [[Bessin]] area, the [[Pays d'Auge]] and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland").


The most notable places in Calvados include [[Deauville]] and the formerly elegant 19th-century [[casino]] resorts of the coast.
The most notable places in Calvados include [[Deauville]] and the formerly elegant 19th-century [[casino]] resorts along the coast.


==Economy==
==Economy==
Agriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing [[butter]], cheese, [[cider]] and [[Calvados (brandy)|Calvados]], the [[Apple (fruit)|apple]] [[Distilled beverage|spirit]] that takes its name from the area.
Agriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing [[butter]], cheese, [[cider]], and [[Calvados (brandy)|Calvados]], the [[Apple (fruit)|apple]] [[Distilled beverage|spirit]] that takes its name from the area.


==Politics==
==Politics==
The President of the General Council is the centrist [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]], the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and [[Devon County Council]] signed a [[Twinning Charter]] in 1971 to develop links with the English county of [[Devon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm|title=Twinning|publisher=[[Devon County Council]]|access-date=8 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019122319/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm#|archive-date=19 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The President of the Departmental Council is the centrist [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]], the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and [[Devon County Council]] signed a [[Twinning Charter]] in 1971 to develop links with the English county of [[Devon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm|title=Twinning|publisher=[[Devon County Council]]|access-date=8 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019122319/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm#|archive-date=19 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background:#e9e9e9; border-bottom:2px solid gray;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
|-
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! style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
! style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] ||align="right"| 1
|[[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] ||align="right"| 1
|}

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 60.29
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 39.71
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/calvados/|title=Résultats de l’élection présidentielle 2022 dans le Calvados |website=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412072518/https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/calvados/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 67.11
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 32.89
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__PR2012/(path)/PR2012/025/014/014.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2012: Calvados|publisher=Ministère de l'Intérieur|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917203010/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__PR2012/(path)/PR2012/025/014/014.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 53.12
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 46.88
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 51.20
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 48.80
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 83.95
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 16.05
|}
|}


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==Demography==
==Demography==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/14his.html|title=Historique du Calvados|website=Le SPLAF|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221731/http://splaf.free.fr/14his.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-14|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE|access-date=7 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707081539/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-14|url-status=live}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
The inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 1999, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 30th most populated French department.
|11=1791|12=391,352|13=1801|14=451,836|15=1806|16=505,210|17=1821|18=492,613|19=1831|20=494,702|21=1841|22=496,198|23=1851|24=491,210|25=1861|26=480,992|27=1872|28=454,012|29=1881|30=439,830|31=1891|32=428,945|33=1901|34=410,178|35=1911|36=396,318|37=1921|38=384,730|39=1931|40=401,356|41=1936|42=404,901|43=1946|44=400,026|45=1954|46=442,991|47=1962|48=480,757|49=1968|50=519,695|51=1975|52=560,967|53=1982|54=589,559|55=1990|56=618,478|57=1999|58=648,385|59=2006|60=671,351|61=2016|62=693,679}}
The inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 2019, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 34th most populated French department.<ref name="pop2019" />


Age distribution in Calvados (2019):<ref name=complet>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-14 Dossier complet, Population par grandes tranches d'âges, Tourisme en 2022, Catégories et types de logements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011115020/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-14 |date=11 October 2022 }}, INSEE, retrieved 7 July 2022.</ref>
Age distribution in Calvados:
* 75 years and older: 7.2%
* 75 years and older: 10.0%
* 60–74 years old: 13.16%
* 60–74 years old: 18.1%
* 40–59 years old: 25.52%
* 45–59 years old: 19.4%
* 20–39 years old: 28.53%
* 30–44 years old: 17.4%
* 0–19 years old: 25.6%
* 15–29 years old: 18.0%
* 0–14 years old: 17.1%

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Caen]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Caen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 106,230
|-
| [[Hérouville-Saint-Clair]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,555
|-
| [[Lisieux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,038
|-
| [[Vire Normandie]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 16,590
|-
| [[Bayeux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,682
|-
| [[Ifs, Calvados|Ifs]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,696
|}


==Culture==
==Culture==
The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] is on display in [[Bayeux]] and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy.
The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] is on display in [[Bayeux]] and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy.


[[Juno Beach Centre]] at [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]], Calvados, commemorates the [[D-Day]] landing of the [[Canadians|Canadian]] liberation forces at [[Juno Beach]] during World War II in 1944. The [[cult (religion)|cult]] of Saint [[Thérèse de Lisieux]] brings large numbers of people on [[pilgrimage]] to [[Lisieux]], where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of [[Cabourg]] hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" & The festival of Beauregard, just around Caen.
[[Juno Beach Centre]] at [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]], Calvados, commemorates the [[D-Day]] landing of the [[Canadians|Canadian]] liberation forces at [[Juno Beach]] during World War II in 1944. The [[cult (religion)|cult]] of Saint [[Thérèse de Lisieux]] brings large numbers of people on [[pilgrimage]] to [[Lisieux]], where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of [[Cabourg]] hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" and the festival of Beauregard, just around Caen.


The local dialect of the [[Norman language]] is known as [[Augeron]]. It is spoken by a minority of the population.
The local dialect of the [[Norman language]] is known as [[Augeron]]. It is spoken by a minority of the population.


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
Calvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of William the Conqueror, Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. The culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: [[cider]], [[calvados]], [[camembert]] and [[Pont-l'Évêque (cheese)|Pont-l'Évêque]] cheeses.
Calvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of [[William the Conqueror]], Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. Culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: [[cider]], [[calvados]], [[camembert]], and [[Pont-l'Évêque (cheese)|Pont-l'Évêque]] cheeses.


One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the ''countryside of Paris ''.
One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the ''countryside of Paris''.


Calvados, via the port of [[Ouistreham]], is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: [[Caen - Carpiquet Airport|Caen-Carpiquet]] and [[Deauville - Saint-Gatien Airport|Deauville-Saint Gatien]]. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the [[Bessin]], the Plain of [[Caen]], the [[Bocage]] Virois, the [[Côte de Nacre]], the [[Côte Fleurie]] and the [[Pays d'Auge]]. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including [[Cabourg]] and [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]].
Calvados, via the port of [[Ouistreham]], is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: [[Caen - Carpiquet Airport|Caen-Carpiquet]] and [[Deauville - Saint-Gatien Airport|Deauville-Saint Gatien]]. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the [[Bessin]], the Plain of [[Caen]], the [[Bocage]] Virois, the [[Côte de Nacre]], the [[Côte Fleurie]] and the [[Pays d'Auge]]. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including [[Cabourg]] and [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]].


Tourist capacity (2001):
Tourist capacity (2022):<ref name=complet/>
* 7,818 hotel rooms
* 10,200 hotel rooms
* 13,734 camping sites
* 14,410 camping sites
* 1,176 beds (holiday villages)
* 12,795 other beds (tourist resorts, holiday villages, rural gites, youth hostels)
* 619 rural gites


===Municipalities with more than 10% of second homes===
===Second homes===
As of 2019, 17.9% of available housing in the department were second homes.<ref name=complet/>
This ranking takes into account all the municipalities having over 10% of second homes in the departement of Calvados. 80% of owners are from the Paris area, 10% are English and 10% are local.


{{Hidden begin|title=Municipalities with more than 20% of second homes}}
According to the general census of the population of 1 January 2006, 18.9% of housing available in the department were second homes.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"

|+Communes with population over 2,000 and more than 20% of second homes in 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-151257,6388181,223262,195389&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&i2=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2019&s2=2019&t=A01&t2=A01&view=map1|title=Statistiques locales: Part des résidences secondaires, population municipale|publisher=[[INSEE]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-151257,6388181,223262,195389&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&i2=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2019&s2=2019&t=A01&t2=A01&view=map1|url-status=live}}</ref>
====Table====
! Town
{{Hidden begin|titre=Municipalities with more than 10% of second homes}}
! Municipal population
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
! Percentage of<br />second homes
! style="text-align:left"| City
! style="text-align:left"| Municipal Population
! style="text-align:left"| Number of homes
! style="text-align:left"| Second home
! style="text-align:left"| % Second home
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Villers-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2541}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:9280}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:7857}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:84.67}}%'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Cabourg]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3965}}'''
| '''{{0|0}}{{formatnum:10106}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8039}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:79.54}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Houlgate]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1902}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4658}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3665}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:78.67}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Tourgéville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:922}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2423}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1888}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:77.92}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Benerville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:491}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1233}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:924}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:74.93}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Varaville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:767}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1477}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1106}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:74.88}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Gonneville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:581}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:899}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:651}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:72.41}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Colleville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:167}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:270}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:195}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:72.22}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Blonville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1546}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2714}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1951}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:71.90}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Deauville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3973}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:7794}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5484}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:70.36}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Merville-Franceville-Plage]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1740}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2535}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1694}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:66.81}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Côme-de-Fresné]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:219}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:294}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:196}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:66.64}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Danestal]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:265}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:325}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:213}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:65.49}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Asnelles]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:589}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:836}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:546}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:65.31}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Trouville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4992}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8110}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5159}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:63.61}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Arnoult (Calvados)|Saint-Arnoult]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:910}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:922}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:576}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:62.48}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer (Calvados)|Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1851}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2111}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1271}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:60.22}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Courseulles-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4106}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5022}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2775}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:55.26}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Villerville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:750}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:813}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:425}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:52.23}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Grandcamp-Maisy]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1757}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1759}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:829}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:47.13}}%'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Équemauville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1255}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:880}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:395}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:44.89}}%'''
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Bernières-sur-Mer]]'''
| [[Villers-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2373}}'''
| {{formatnum:2543}}
| 83.0%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1854}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:785}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:42.34}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Cabourg]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Langrune-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1690}}'''
| {{formatnum:3558}}
| 79.7%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1236}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:479}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:38.73}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Deauville]]
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Arromanches-les-Bains]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:602}}'''
| {{formatnum:3565}}
| 71.9%
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:488}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:187}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:38.34}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Trouville-sur-Mer]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Bonneville-la-Louvet]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:768}}'''
| {{formatnum:4603}}
| 67.4%
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:515}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:195}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:37.92}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Ver-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1508}}'''
| {{formatnum:2186}}
| 57.9%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1042}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:394}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:37.77}}%'''
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Hermanville-sur-Mer]]'''
| [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2692}}'''
| {{formatnum:4196}}
| 52.2%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1698}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:586}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:34.53}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Bernières-sur-Mer]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Colleville-Montgomery]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2254}}'''
| {{formatnum:2274}}
| 44.3%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1339}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:444}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:33.14}}%'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Dives-sur-Mer]]'''
| [[Dives-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5864}}'''
| {{formatnum:5276}}
| 39.9%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3977}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1305}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.81}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Calvados|Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Luc-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3186}}'''
| {{formatnum:2237}}
| 39.5%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2179}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:705}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.35}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Hermanville-sur-Mer]]
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Saint-Gatien-des-Bois]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1312}}'''
| {{formatnum:3110}}
| 31.7%
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:780}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:251}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.18}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Luc-sur-Mer]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Ouistreham]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:9252}}'''
| {{formatnum:3213}}
| 30.1%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:6519}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2023}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:31.04}}%'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Lion-sur-Mer]]'''
| [[Lion-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2568}}'''
| {{formatnum:2536}}
| 29.8%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1538}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:411}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:26.75}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Honfleur]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Touques, Calvados|Touques]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3848}}'''
| {{formatnum:6733}}
| 27.9%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2643}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:706}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:26.69}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Ouistreham]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Port-en-Bessin-Huppain]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1958}}'''
| {{formatnum:9344}}
| 25.8%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1134}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:207}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:18.24}}%'''
|-
|-
| [[Touques, Calvados|Touques]]
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Honfleur]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8177}}'''
| {{formatnum:3731}}
| 25.0%
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4793}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:661}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:13.79}}%'''
|}
|}
* [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/page_accueil_rp.htm Source INSEE], chiffres au 1 January 2006.
{{Hidden end}}
{{Hidden end}}


Line 450: Line 368:
File:Harold dead bayeux tapestry.png|A fragment of the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]
File:Harold dead bayeux tapestry.png|A fragment of the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]
File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|[[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]]
File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|[[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]]
File:Beuvron-en-Auge plein.JPG|Half-timber houses in [[Beuvron-en-Auge]], one of [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|The Most Beautiful Villages of France]]
File:Beuvron-en-Auge plein.JPG|Half-timber houses in [[Beuvron-en-Auge]], one of the [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|Most Beautiful Villages of France]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Sport==
==Sport==
Aquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. [[Stade Malherbe Caen]] is a professional football team from [[Caen]], who currently play in [[Ligue 1]].
Aquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. [[Stade Malherbe Caen]] is a professional football team from [[Caen]], who currently play in [[Ligue 2]].


==See also==
==See also==
Line 461: Line 379:
* [[Communes of the Calvados department]]
* [[Communes of the Calvados department]]


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons|Calvados}}
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081115073144/http://www.calvados-strategie.com/home.php Calvados Stratégie – Calvados Development Agency] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.calvados.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422093334/https://www.calvados.fr/ |date=22 April 2020 }} {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223081013/http://actus.calvados-strategie.com/ Economic news from Calvados] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.calvados.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.calvados.fr/ General Council website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.calvados.pref.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
<!-- please keep this link: Dmoz page holds a Wikipedia back link -->
<!-- please keep this link: Dmoz page holds a Wikipedia back link -->
{{in lang|en}}
* {{Curlie|Regional/Europe/France/Regions/Lower_Normandy/Calvados|Calvados}} {{in lang|en}}
* [http://search.eb.com/normandy/week2/invasion.html Encyclopædia Britannica's guide to D-Day] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://search.eb.com/normandy/week2/invasion.html Encyclopædia Britannica's guide to D-Day] {{in lang|en}}


Latest revision as of 00:25, 19 October 2024

For the French cider brandy, see Calvados.

Calvados
Department
From top down, left to right: Abbaye aux Dames in Caen, Bayeux's historic centre, Omaha Beach and timber framing house in Boissey
Flag of Calvados
Flag
Coat of arms of Calvados
Coat of arms
Location of Calvados in France
Location of Calvados in France
Coordinates: 49°02′N 0°15′E / 49.033°N 0.250°E / 49.033; 0.250
CountryFrance
RegionNormandy
PrefectureCaen
SubprefecturesBayeux
Lisieux
Vire-Normandie
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilJean-Léonce Dupont[1] (New Centre)
Area
1
 • Total
5,535 km2 (2,137 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total
700,633
 • Rank34th
 • Density130/km2 (330/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeFR-14
Department number14
Arrondissements4
Cantons25
Communes528
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/, French: [kalvados] ⓘ)[needs Norman IPA] is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.[3] It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.[4]

History

[edit]

Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790, in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had been part of the former province of Normandy. The name "Orne-Inférieure" was originally proposed, but it was ultimately called Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast.

One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the Salvador, a ship from the Spanish Armada that sank by the rocks near Arromanches-les-bains in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name Calvados was derived from calva dorsa, meaning bare backs, in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.[5]

After the allied victory at Waterloo the department was occupied by Prussian troops between June 1815 and November 1818.

On 6 June 1944, the Allied forces landed on the beaches of the Bay of the Seine in what became known as the Battle of Normandy.

Geography

[edit]

Calvados belongs to the region of Normandy and borders the departments of Seine-Maritime (maritime border), Eure, Orne and Manche. To the north is the Baie de la Seine, part of the English Channel. On the east, the river Seine forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the Bessin area, the Pays d'Auge and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland").

The most notable places in Calvados include Deauville and the formerly elegant 19th-century casino resorts along the coast.

Economy

[edit]

Agriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing butter, cheese, cider, and Calvados, the apple spirit that takes its name from the area.

Politics

[edit]

The President of the Departmental Council is the centrist Jean-Léonce Dupont, the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and Devon County Council signed a Twinning Charter in 1971 to develop links with the English county of Devon.[6]

Party seats
Socialist Party 18
• Miscellaneous Right 18
• The Republicans 6
Left Radical Party 3
• New Centre 3
• MoDem 1

Presidential elections 2nd round

[edit]
Election Winning Candidate Party % 2nd Place Candidate Party %
2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 60.29 Marine Le Pen FN 39.71
2017[7] Emmanuel Macron LREM 67.11 Marine Le Pen FN 32.89
2012[8] François Hollande PS 53.12 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 46.88
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 51.20 Ségolène Royal PS 48.80
2002 Jacques Chirac RPR 83.95 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 16.05

Current National Assembly Representatives

[edit]
Constituency Member Party
Calvados's 1st constituency Fabrice Le Vigoureux La République En Marche!
Calvados's 2nd constituency Laurence Dumont Socialist Party
Calvados's 3rd constituency Sébastien Leclerc The Republicans
Calvados's 4th constituency Christophe Blanchet La République En Marche!
Calvados's 5th constituency Bertrand Bouyx La République En Marche!
Calvados's 6th constituency Alain Tourret La République En Marche!

Demography

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1791391,352—    
1801451,836+1.45%
1806505,210+2.26%
1821492,613−0.17%
1831494,702+0.04%
1841496,198+0.03%
1851491,210−0.10%
1861480,992−0.21%
1872454,012−0.52%
1881439,830−0.35%
1891428,945−0.25%
1901410,178−0.45%
1911396,318−0.34%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1921384,730−0.30%
1931401,356+0.42%
1936404,901+0.18%
1946400,026−0.12%
1954442,991+1.28%
1962480,757+1.03%
1968519,695+1.31%
1975560,967+1.10%
1982589,559+0.71%
1990618,478+0.60%
1999648,385+0.53%
2006671,351+0.50%
2016693,679+0.33%
source:[9][10]

The inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 2019, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 34th most populated French department.[4]

Age distribution in Calvados (2019):[11]

  • 75 years and older: 10.0%
  • 60–74 years old: 18.1%
  • 45–59 years old: 19.4%
  • 30–44 years old: 17.4%
  • 15–29 years old: 18.0%
  • 0–14 years old: 17.1%

Principal towns

[edit]

The most populous commune is Caen, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[4]

Commune Population (2019)
Caen 106,230
Hérouville-Saint-Clair 22,555
Lisieux 20,038
Vire Normandie 16,590
Bayeux 12,682
Ifs 11,696

Culture

[edit]

The Bayeux Tapestry is on display in Bayeux and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy.

Juno Beach Centre at Courseulles-sur-Mer, Calvados, commemorates the D-Day landing of the Canadian liberation forces at Juno Beach during World War II in 1944. The cult of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux brings large numbers of people on pilgrimage to Lisieux, where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of Cabourg hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" and the festival of Beauregard, just around Caen.

The local dialect of the Norman language is known as Augeron. It is spoken by a minority of the population.

Tourism

[edit]

Calvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of William the Conqueror, Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. Culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: cider, calvados, camembert, and Pont-l'Évêque cheeses.

One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the countryside of Paris.

Calvados, via the port of Ouistreham, is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: Caen-Carpiquet and Deauville-Saint Gatien. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the Bessin, the Plain of Caen, the Bocage Virois, the Côte de Nacre, the Côte Fleurie and the Pays d'Auge. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including Cabourg and Merville-Franceville-Plage.

Tourist capacity (2022):[11]

  • 10,200 hotel rooms
  • 14,410 camping sites
  • 12,795 other beds (tourist resorts, holiday villages, rural gites, youth hostels)

Second homes

[edit]

As of 2019, 17.9% of available housing in the department were second homes.[11]

Municipalities with more than 20% of second homes
Communes with population over 2,000 and more than 20% of second homes in 2019[12]
Town Municipal population Percentage of
second homes
Villers-sur-Mer 2,543 83.0%
Cabourg 3,558 79.7%
Deauville 3,565 71.9%
Trouville-sur-Mer 4,603 67.4%
Merville-Franceville-Plage 2,186 57.9%
Courseulles-sur-Mer 4,196 52.2%
Bernières-sur-Mer 2,274 44.3%
Dives-sur-Mer 5,276 39.9%
Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer 2,237 39.5%
Hermanville-sur-Mer 3,110 31.7%
Luc-sur-Mer 3,213 30.1%
Lion-sur-Mer 2,536 29.8%
Honfleur 6,733 27.9%
Ouistreham 9,344 25.8%
Touques 3,731 25.0%

Sport

[edit]

Aquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. Stade Malherbe Caen is a professional football team from Caen, who currently play in Ligue 2.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Calvados" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^ a b c Populations légales 2019: 14 Calvados Archived 11 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine, INSEE
  5. ^ Lepelley, René (1990). Calvados, qui es-tu, d'où viens-tu ou le nom énigmatique d'un département Français: Critique d'une tradition, hypothèses diverses, proposition d'interprétation. C. Corlet.
  6. ^ "Twinning". Devon County Council. Archived from the original on 19 October 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  7. ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2022 dans le Calvados". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  8. ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2012: Calvados". Ministère de l'Intérieur. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Historique du Calvados". Le SPLAF. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Dossier complet, Population par grandes tranches d'âges, Tourisme en 2022, Catégories et types de logements Archived 11 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine, INSEE, retrieved 7 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Statistiques locales: Part des résidences secondaires, population municipale". INSEE. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calvados.
(in English)
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