Survival knife: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Knife designed for wilderness survival use}} |
{{Short description|Knife designed for wilderness survival use}} |
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[[File:ESEE-5-Knife-Review-Tactical-Survival-Knife-1536x1024.jpg|thumb|right|Modern typical survival knife.]] |
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'''Survival knives''' are [[knife|knives]] intended for [[survival skills|survival]] purposes in a [[wilderness]] environment, often in an emergency when the user has lost most of their main equipment. Most military aviation units issue some kind of survival knife to their pilots in case their aircraft are shot down behind enemy lines and the crew needs tools to facilitate their survival, escape, and rescue.<ref>The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.479-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9</ref> Survival knives can be used for trapping, skinning, wood cutting, wood carving, and other uses. Hunters, hikers, and outdoor sport enthusiasts use survival knives. Some survival knives are heavy-bladed and thick. Other survival knives are lightweight or fold in order to save weight and bulk as part of a larger [[survival kit]]. Their functions often include serving as a [[hunting knife]].<ref name="FS">{{cite book|title=The Field & Stream Wilderness Survival Handbook|last=McDougall|first=Len|publisher=The Lyons Press|year=2001|isbn=978-1-58574-356-8|pages=76–90}}</ref> Features, such as hollow handles, that could be used as storage space for matches or similar small items, began gaining popularity in the 1980s.<ref name="Jackson"/> Custom or semi-custom makers such as Americans [[Jimmy Lile]], [[Randall Made Knives|Bo Randall]], and [[Chris Reeve]] are often credited with inventing those features.<ref name="BL1">{{cite journal|last=Lang|first=Bud|year=1992|title=Chris Reeve Knives We Put Two Of His One-Piece Knives To The Test With Unexpected Results|journal=Knives Illustrated|pages=64–66}}</ref><ref name="RH">{{cite book|title=Randall Knives: Rare, Unique, & Experimental|last=Hunt|first=Robert E.|publisher=Turner Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59652-217-6|pages=143–147}}</ref> |
'''Survival knives''' are [[knife|knives]] intended for [[survival skills|survival]] purposes in a [[wilderness]] environment, often in an emergency when the user has lost most of their main equipment. Most military aviation units issue some kind of survival knife to their pilots in case their aircraft are shot down behind enemy lines and the crew needs tools to facilitate their survival, escape, and rescue.<ref>The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.479-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9</ref> Survival knives can be used for trapping, skinning, wood cutting, wood carving, and other uses. Hunters, hikers, and outdoor sport enthusiasts use survival knives. Some survival knives are heavy-bladed and thick. Other survival knives are lightweight or fold in order to save weight and bulk as part of a larger [[survival kit]]. Their functions often include serving as a [[hunting knife]].<ref name="FS">{{cite book|title=The Field & Stream Wilderness Survival Handbook|last=McDougall|first=Len|publisher=The Lyons Press|year=2001|isbn=978-1-58574-356-8|pages=76–90}}</ref> Features, such as hollow handles, that could be used as storage space for matches or similar small items, began gaining popularity in the 1980s.<ref name="Jackson"/> Custom or semi-custom makers such as Americans [[Gil Hibben]], [[Jimmy Lile]], [[Randall Made Knives|Bo Randall]], and [[Chris Reeve]] are often credited with inventing those features.<ref name="BL1">{{cite journal|last=Lang|first=Bud|year=1992|title=Chris Reeve Knives We Put Two Of His One-Piece Knives To The Test With Unexpected Results|journal=Knives Illustrated|pages=64–66}}</ref><ref name="RH">{{cite book|title=Randall Knives: Rare, Unique, & Experimental|last=Hunt|first=Robert E.|publisher=Turner Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59652-217-6|pages=143–147}}</ref> |
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== Origins of the survival knife == |
== Origins of the survival knife == |
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Prior to the late 19th century, outdoorsmen and military personnel did not use knives that were notably different from the knives used by butchers. [[Blade]]s were relatively thin and the handles were often no more than two wooden slabs riveted to the [[Tang (tools)|tang]]. Serrations appeared on knives in the 19th century for use as a wood saw or fish scaler.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite journal|last=Jackson|first=Mark|year=1987|title=Survival Knives|journal=Black Belt|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|volume=25|issue=2|pages=40–48}}</ref> Around the turn of the century, Webster L. Marble introduced the modern concept of the "hunting knife." These knives incorporated heavier blades, crossguards, and pommels. They very much resembled miniaturized [[bowie knife|Bowie knives]]. Case, Cattaraugus, and other cutlery manufacturers soon introduced similar knives of their own and it is from these that the modern concept of the survival knife is descended. These knives, along with [[machete]]s and [[bolo knife|bolo]]s constituted survival knives as used by military, explorers, and outdoorsmen up through at least the 1930s.<ref name="GP">{{cite book | last = Pacella | first = Gerard | title = 100 Legendary Knives | publisher = Krause Publications| year = 2002| pages = 224| isbn = 0-87349-417-2}}</ref> |
Prior to the late 19th century, outdoorsmen and military personnel did not use knives that were notably different from the knives used by butchers. [[Blade]]s were relatively thin and the handles were often no more than two wooden slabs riveted to the [[Tang (tools)|tang]]. Serrations appeared on knives in the 19th century for use as a wood saw or fish scaler.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite journal|last=Jackson|first=Mark|year=1987|title=Survival Knives|journal=Black Belt|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|volume=25|issue=2|pages=40–48}}</ref> Around the turn of the century, Webster L. Marble introduced the modern concept of the "hunting knife." These knives incorporated heavier blades, crossguards, and pommels. They very much resembled miniaturized [[bowie knife|Bowie knives]]. Case, Cattaraugus, and other cutlery manufacturers soon introduced similar knives of their own and it is from these that the modern concept of the survival knife is descended. These knives, along with [[machete]]s and [[bolo knife|bolo]]s constituted survival knives as used by military, explorers, and outdoorsmen up through at least the 1930s.<ref name="GP">{{cite book | last = Pacella | first = Gerard | title = 100 Legendary Knives | publisher = Krause Publications| year = 2002| pages = 224| isbn = 0-87349-417-2}}</ref> |
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During WWII, survival knives were issued to aircraft crew, as it was a real possibility that these personnel might be shot down over wilderness or behind enemy lines. |
During WWII, survival knives were issued to aircraft crew, as it was a real possibility that these personnel might be shot down over wilderness or behind enemy lines. Lifeboats aboard naval vessels also frequently contained survival kits including knives. These knives varied in design from one branch of the service to another and from one nation to another. The majority of them were simply commercial knives purchased in bulk by the military. From the Vietnam-era and to present, purpose-built survival knives evolved.<ref name="SS">{{cite book|title=U.S. Special Forces: A Guide to America's Special Operations Units-The World's Most Elite Fighting Force|url=https://archive.org/details/usspecialforcesg0000sout|url-access=registration|last=Southworth|first=Samuel A.|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-306-81165-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/usspecialforcesg0000sout/page/113 113–114]|author2=Stephen Tanner}}</ref> One of Randall's designs which became a popular fighting knife for troops in Vietnam was the Number 14 "Attack" Model. During Vietnam, Randall received feedback from a Combat Surgeon in the US Army's 94th Medical Detachment named Captain George Ingraham. Ingraham's request was for serrations on the spine to cut through the fuselage of downed aircraft to rescue trapped personnel and a hollow handle to allow storage of survival gear. Randall made the changes and the result was the first of the modern survival knives.<ref name ="GP"/> |
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Some militaries (including [[Finland]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[ |
Some militaries (including [[Finland]], [[Germany]], the [[People's Republic of China]], the [[Soviet Union]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]]) have redesigned the [[bayonet]] used with their issued rifle to include survival knife features. Historically, bayonets had functioned poorly as field knives, due to being designed primarily to turn a rifle into a thrusting weapon and only secondarily (if at all) to work as a field knife. The newer models function more acceptably for mundane tasks while remaining capable of being attached to the muzzle of a rifle.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gun Digest Book of Assault Weapons: From Bayonet to Multi-tool|last=Lewis|first=Jack|publisher=Gun Digest Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-89689-498-3|pages=221–224|author-link=Jack Lewis (screenwriter)}}</ref> |
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==Features of a survival knife== |
==Features of a survival knife== |
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Survival knives are designed for work such as setting traps, cutting branches, carving wood, and skinning animals. Most survival knives have fixed blades that are 10 |
Survival knives are designed for work such as setting traps, cutting branches, carving wood, and skinning animals. Most survival knives have fixed blades that are {{convert|10|to|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long with a full thick tang. Survival knives made by [[Aitor Knife Company|Aitor]], [[Jimmy Lile|Lile]], Parrish, [[Randall Made Knives|Randall]], or [[Chris Reeve|Reeve]] have hollow handles, which allow the user to store additional equipment in the handle. Some of these knives feature a [[compass]] in the cap. A hollow handle survival knife may have reduced strength and may break more easily when performing tasks such as chopping or batoning. |
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On some survival knives, the spine or back of the blade is flat; allowing it to make a good hitting platform when pounding it with a hard stick to aid in splitting wood. |
On some survival knives, the spine or back of the blade is flat; allowing it to make a good hitting platform when pounding it with a hard stick to aid in splitting wood. Other models such as Lile's and Parrish's feature a serrated spine or in the case of Rob Simonich's and [[Strider Knives]], a band ([[strapping]]) breaker near the tip. For survival knives that have a distinct flat spine with sharp 90 degree edges, the user can strike the spine edges against a [[ferrocerium]] rod to create sparks for fire starting purposes. |
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If the knife has a strong tip, then the knife can also be used as a weapon for self defense. Some knives even include holes in the handle such that the knife can be fastened to a long stick and then it functions as a spear tip. The capability to mount the knife on a stick to create a spear allows the user to better hunt wildlife at a safer distance. |
If the knife has a strong tip, then the knife can also be used as a weapon for self defense. Some knives even include holes in the handle such that the knife can be fastened to a long stick and then it functions as a spear tip. The capability to mount the knife on a stick to create a spear allows the user to better hunt wildlife at a safer distance. |
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The handle material of survival knives differs from one to the next and is determined primarily by user preference. Handle materials can be hardened rubber, wood, bone (horn), aluminium, polymer, or even metal, such as stainless steel in the case of the Aitor Jungle King I, or tool steel as used in the Chris Reeve One-Piece line. |
The handle material of survival knives differs from one to the next and is determined primarily by user preference. Handle materials can be hardened rubber, wood, bone (horn), aluminium, polymer, or even metal, such as stainless steel in the case of the Aitor Jungle King I, or tool steel as used in the Chris Reeve One-Piece line. Makers like Lile, Strider, and Parrish often wrap these metal handled knives with [[parachute cord|cord]] which can be used in survival situations and in daily use provides a more comfortable and reliable grip. In a situation where the knife handle breaks, if the knife is full tang, users can also wrap the handle area of the tang with cord to create a functional makeshift handle and not lose the functionality of the knife. |
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==Aircrew Survival Egress Knife== |
==Aircrew Survival Egress Knife== |
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The serrations seen on [[Aircrew Survival Egress Knife|Aircrew Survival Egress Knife (ASEK)]] are intended to allow air crewmen to cut their way free through the relatively thin metal skin of a crashed helicopter or airplane.<ref name="Jackson"/> Those knives that do include functional saw-teeth still suffer from lack of blade length, limiting the thickness of what can be cut when used as a saw.<ref name="Jackson"/> |
The serrations seen on [[Aircrew Survival Egress Knife|Aircrew Survival Egress Knife (ASEK)]] are intended to allow air crewmen to cut their way free through the relatively thin metal skin of a crashed helicopter or airplane.<ref name="Jackson"/> Those knives that do include functional saw-teeth still suffer from lack of blade length, limiting the thickness of what can be cut when used as a saw.<ref name="Jackson"/> |
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==AKM bayonet== |
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The [[AKM]] [[Bayonet|Type I bayonet]] (introduced in 1959) was a revolutionary design.<ref name="worldbayonets.com">http://worldbayonets.com/Misc__Pages/ak_bayonets/ak_bayonets.html | Kalashnikov Bayonets Ralph E. Cobb, 2010</ref> It has a Bowie style (clip-point) blade with saw-teeth along the spine, and can be used as a multi-purpose survival knife and wire-cutter when combined with its steel scabbard.<ref name="worldbayonets.com"/><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lR0weLGUG6o how to use the wire cutter on an akm /ak 47 bayonet]. YouTube (16 July 2009). Retrieved on 2011-09-27.</ref> This design was copied by other nations and formed the basis of the US [[M9 bayonet]].<ref name="worldbayonets.com"/><ref name="tactical-life.com">http://www.tactical-life.com/online/tactical-knives/akm-47-bayonet-from-battle/|AKM-47 Bayonet From Battle. by Steven Dick</ref> The AK-74 bayonet 6Kh5 (introduced in 1983) represents a further refinement of the AKM bayonet. "It introduced a radical blade cross-section, that has a flat milled on one side near the edge and a corresponding flat milled on the opposite side near the false edge."<ref name="worldbayonets.com"/> The blade has a new spear point and an improved one-piece moulded plastic grip, making it a more effective fighting knife.<ref name="worldbayonets.com"/> It also has saw-teeth on the false edge and the usual hole for use as a wire-cutter.<ref name="worldbayonets.com"/> The wire cutting versions of the AK bayonets each have an electrically insulated handle and an electrically insulated part of the scabbard, so it can be used to cut an electrified wire. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{commons category|Combat and survival knives|Survival knives}} |
{{commons category|Combat and survival knives|Survival knives}} |
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{{Wiktionary|survival knife}} |
{{Wiktionary|survival knife}} |
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* {{dmoz|/Recreation/Outdoors/Survival_and_Primitive_Technology/|Survival}} |
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Latest revision as of 04:36, 19 October 2024
Survival knives are knives intended for survival purposes in a wilderness environment, often in an emergency when the user has lost most of their main equipment. Most military aviation units issue some kind of survival knife to their pilots in case their aircraft are shot down behind enemy lines and the crew needs tools to facilitate their survival, escape, and rescue.[1] Survival knives can be used for trapping, skinning, wood cutting, wood carving, and other uses. Hunters, hikers, and outdoor sport enthusiasts use survival knives. Some survival knives are heavy-bladed and thick. Other survival knives are lightweight or fold in order to save weight and bulk as part of a larger survival kit. Their functions often include serving as a hunting knife.[2] Features, such as hollow handles, that could be used as storage space for matches or similar small items, began gaining popularity in the 1980s.[3] Custom or semi-custom makers such as Americans Gil Hibben, Jimmy Lile, Bo Randall, and Chris Reeve are often credited with inventing those features.[4][5]
Origins of the survival knife
[edit]Prior to the late 19th century, outdoorsmen and military personnel did not use knives that were notably different from the knives used by butchers. Blades were relatively thin and the handles were often no more than two wooden slabs riveted to the tang. Serrations appeared on knives in the 19th century for use as a wood saw or fish scaler.[3] Around the turn of the century, Webster L. Marble introduced the modern concept of the "hunting knife." These knives incorporated heavier blades, crossguards, and pommels. They very much resembled miniaturized Bowie knives. Case, Cattaraugus, and other cutlery manufacturers soon introduced similar knives of their own and it is from these that the modern concept of the survival knife is descended. These knives, along with machetes and bolos constituted survival knives as used by military, explorers, and outdoorsmen up through at least the 1930s.[6]
During WWII, survival knives were issued to aircraft crew, as it was a real possibility that these personnel might be shot down over wilderness or behind enemy lines. Lifeboats aboard naval vessels also frequently contained survival kits including knives. These knives varied in design from one branch of the service to another and from one nation to another. The majority of them were simply commercial knives purchased in bulk by the military. From the Vietnam-era and to present, purpose-built survival knives evolved.[7] One of Randall's designs which became a popular fighting knife for troops in Vietnam was the Number 14 "Attack" Model. During Vietnam, Randall received feedback from a Combat Surgeon in the US Army's 94th Medical Detachment named Captain George Ingraham. Ingraham's request was for serrations on the spine to cut through the fuselage of downed aircraft to rescue trapped personnel and a hollow handle to allow storage of survival gear. Randall made the changes and the result was the first of the modern survival knives.[6]
Some militaries (including Finland, Germany, the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) have redesigned the bayonet used with their issued rifle to include survival knife features. Historically, bayonets had functioned poorly as field knives, due to being designed primarily to turn a rifle into a thrusting weapon and only secondarily (if at all) to work as a field knife. The newer models function more acceptably for mundane tasks while remaining capable of being attached to the muzzle of a rifle.[8]
Features of a survival knife
[edit]Survival knives are designed for work such as setting traps, cutting branches, carving wood, and skinning animals. Most survival knives have fixed blades that are 10 to 20 cm (3.9 to 7.9 in) long with a full thick tang. Survival knives made by Aitor, Lile, Parrish, Randall, or Reeve have hollow handles, which allow the user to store additional equipment in the handle. Some of these knives feature a compass in the cap. A hollow handle survival knife may have reduced strength and may break more easily when performing tasks such as chopping or batoning.
On some survival knives, the spine or back of the blade is flat; allowing it to make a good hitting platform when pounding it with a hard stick to aid in splitting wood. Other models such as Lile's and Parrish's feature a serrated spine or in the case of Rob Simonich's and Strider Knives, a band (strapping) breaker near the tip. For survival knives that have a distinct flat spine with sharp 90 degree edges, the user can strike the spine edges against a ferrocerium rod to create sparks for fire starting purposes.
If the knife has a strong tip, then the knife can also be used as a weapon for self defense. Some knives even include holes in the handle such that the knife can be fastened to a long stick and then it functions as a spear tip. The capability to mount the knife on a stick to create a spear allows the user to better hunt wildlife at a safer distance.
The handle material of survival knives differs from one to the next and is determined primarily by user preference. Handle materials can be hardened rubber, wood, bone (horn), aluminium, polymer, or even metal, such as stainless steel in the case of the Aitor Jungle King I, or tool steel as used in the Chris Reeve One-Piece line. Makers like Lile, Strider, and Parrish often wrap these metal handled knives with cord which can be used in survival situations and in daily use provides a more comfortable and reliable grip. In a situation where the knife handle breaks, if the knife is full tang, users can also wrap the handle area of the tang with cord to create a functional makeshift handle and not lose the functionality of the knife.
Aircrew Survival Egress Knife
[edit]The serrations seen on Aircrew Survival Egress Knife (ASEK) are intended to allow air crewmen to cut their way free through the relatively thin metal skin of a crashed helicopter or airplane.[3] Those knives that do include functional saw-teeth still suffer from lack of blade length, limiting the thickness of what can be cut when used as a saw.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.479-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9
- ^ McDougall, Len (2001). The Field & Stream Wilderness Survival Handbook. The Lyons Press. pp. 76–90. ISBN 978-1-58574-356-8.
- ^ a b c d Jackson, Mark (1987). "Survival Knives". Black Belt. 25 (2). Active Interest Media, Inc.: 40–48.
- ^ Lang, Bud (1992). "Chris Reeve Knives We Put Two Of His One-Piece Knives To The Test With Unexpected Results". Knives Illustrated: 64–66.
- ^ Hunt, Robert E. (2006). Randall Knives: Rare, Unique, & Experimental. Turner Publishing. pp. 143–147. ISBN 978-1-59652-217-6.
- ^ a b Pacella, Gerard (2002). 100 Legendary Knives. Krause Publications. p. 224. ISBN 0-87349-417-2.
- ^ Southworth, Samuel A.; Stephen Tanner (2002). U.S. Special Forces: A Guide to America's Special Operations Units-The World's Most Elite Fighting Force. Da Capo Press. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-0-306-81165-4.
- ^ Lewis, Jack (2007). The Gun Digest Book of Assault Weapons: From Bayonet to Multi-tool. Gun Digest Books. pp. 221–224. ISBN 978-0-89689-498-3.
External links
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