Che (Persian letter): Difference between revisions

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Persian	چ‎
Phonemic representation	tʃ
Position in alphabet	30
Numerical value	3000
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician

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This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Che or cheem (چ‎) is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ], and which derives from ǧīm (ج‎) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is based on the jim ج. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Uyghur, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Javanese (Pegon), and other Indo-Iranian languages. It is also one of the five letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-eight inherited from the Arabic alphabet (the others being ژ, پ, and گ in addition to the obsolete ڤ). In name and shape, it is a variant of jim. Its numerical value is 3000 (see Abjad numerals).

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	چ‎	ـچ‎	ـچـ‎	چـ‎

When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ג׳ gimel and a geresh.

In Arabic

The letter چ‎ can be used to transcribe [t͡ʃ] in Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic dialects, where they have that sound natively as in "چلب" /tʃalb/ (dog) instead of "كلب" /kalb/. Since the sound is not part of Standard Arabic’s phonology; In most of the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of tāʾ-šīn (تش‎) is more likely used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound which is often realized as two consonants ([t]+[ʃ]) as in "تشاد" /tʃaːd/ (Chad) and "التشيك" /at.tʃiːk/ (Czech Republic).

In Egypt, this letter represents [ʒ], which can be a reduction of /d͡ʒ/, It is called gīm be talat noʾaṭ (جيم بتلات نقط "Gīm with three dots") there. The /ʒ/ pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.

In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual or triscripted, this letter represents [ɡ] on roadsigns when transcribing Hebraized place names. It has also been used as /g/ in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (The Gambia) and "چوچل" (Google).^[1]

Character encodings

Character information
Preview	چ
Unicode name	ARABIC LETTER TCHEH
Encodings	decimal	hex
Unicode	1670	U+0686
UTF-8	218 134	DA 86
Numeric character reference	چ	چ

Character information
Preview	ڜ
Unicode name	ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE
Encodings	decimal	hex
Unicode	1692	U+069C
UTF-8	218 156	DA 9C
Numeric character reference	ڜ	ڜ

References

^ أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine

This article related to the Arabic script is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Letter of the Persian alphabet}}
 {{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}}
-{{More references|date=December 2009}}
+{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
+{{Phoenician glyph|letname=Che|previouslink=Pe (Persian letter)|previousletter=Pe|nextlink=Že|nextletter=Že|perchar=چ|ipa=tʃ|num=30|gem=3000}}
 {{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}}
 {{Arabic alphabet}}
-'''Che''', or '''Čīm''', or '''Ce''' (<big>{{lang|fa|چ}}</big>), is a letter of the [[Persian alphabet]], used to represent {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, and which derives from {{transl|ar|DIN|[[ǧīm]]}} (<big>{{lang|ar|ج}}</big>) by the addition of two [[dot (diacritic)|dots]]. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]), and other [[Iranian languages]]. Arabic alphabet lacks this letter.
+'''Che''' or '''cheem''' (<big>{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</big>) is a letter of the [[Persian alphabet]], used to represent {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, and which derives from {{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[ǧīm]]}} (<big>{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</big>) by the addition of two [[dot (diacritic)|dots]]. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is based on the ''jim''&nbsp; <big>{{lang|fa|[[ج]]}}</big>. It is used in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Uyghur]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]), [[Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[Pegon alphabet|Pegon]]), and other [[Indo-Iranian languages]]. It is also one of the five letters the [[Persian alphabet]] added from the twenty-eight inherited from the Arabic alphabet (the others being <big>{{lang|fa|ژ}}</big>, <big>{{lang|fa|پ}}</big>, and <big>{{lang|fa|گ}}</big> in addition to the obsolete <big>{{lang|fa|ڤ}}</big>). In name and shape, it is a variant of ''[[gimel|jim]]''. Its numerical value is 3000 (see [[Abjad numerals]]).
 {{Arabic alphabet shapes|چ}}
+When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ג׳ ''gimel'' and a ''[[geresh]]''.
 ==In Arabic==
-[[Image:Givat shmuel sign.png|thumb|right|200px|The initial form of the Persian ''Che'' used to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}} in an [[Israel]]i road sign on the road to [[Giv'at Shmuel]].]]
-[[Image:Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A billingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}.]]
-The letter {{lang|ar|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} of [[Persian Gulf]]: [[Gulf Arabic]] and [[Iraqi Arabic]], where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of ''{{transl|ar|DIN|[[taw#Arabic tā|tāʾ]]-[[Shin (letter)#Arabic šīn/sīn|šīn]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|تش}}) is more likely used to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound which is often realized as two consonants ({{IPAblink|t}}+{{IPAblink|ʃ}}) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of [[Spanish language|Spanish origin]] in [[Moroccan Arabic]]. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter  {{lang|ar|ڜ}} is used instead to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound aside from {{lang|ar|چ}};{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} this letter derives from ''[[Shin (letter)#Arabic šīn/sīn|šīn]]'' ({{lang|ar|ش}}) with an additional three dots below.)
+[[Image:Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A bilingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}.]]
-In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].
+[[Image:ToNofHagalil (cropped road sign).jpg|thumb|left|200px|In this triscript road sign (below) in Israel, the letter چ is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|g}} in the Hebraized city name of [[Nof HaGalil]].]]
+The letter {{Script/Arabic|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} in [[Gulf Arabic]] and [[Iraqi Arabic]] dialects, where they have that sound natively as in "{{lang|ar|چلب}}" {{IPA|/tʃalb/}} (dog) instead of "{{lang|ar|كلب}}" {{IPA|/kalb/}}. Since the sound is not part of Standard Arabic’s phonology; In most of the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[taw#Arabic tā|tāʾ]]-[[Shin (letter)#Arabic shīn/sīn|šīn]]}}'' ({{Script/Arabic|تش}}) is more likely used to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound which is often realized as two consonants ({{IPAblink|t}}+{{IPAblink|ʃ}}) as in "{{lang|ar|تشاد}}" {{IPA|/tʃaːd/}} ([[Chad]]) and "{{lang|ar|التشيك}}" {{IPA|/at.tʃiːk/}} ([[Czech Republic]]).
-In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter '''gīm''' on roadsigns to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since [[Palestinian Arabic|Palestinian]] Arabic does not have a {{IPAslink|g}} in its phonemic inventory. It has also been used as /g/ in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (Gambia)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/http://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref>
+In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transliteration|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].
+In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual or triscripted, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ɡ}} on roadsigns when transcribing [[Hebraization of Palestinian place names|Hebraized]] place names. It has also been used as {{IPAslink|g}} in Lebanon for transliteration such as "{{lang|ar|چامبيا}}" ([[The Gambia]]) and "{{lang|ar|چوچل}}" ([[Google]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref>
 ==Character encodings==
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ==See also==
-*[[Ve (Arabic)|ڤ - Ve (Arabic)]]
+*[[Ve (Arabic letter)|ڤ - Ve]]
-*[[Pe (Persian)|پ - Pe (Persian)]]
+*[[Pe (Persian letter)|پ - Pe]]
-*[[Gaf|گ - Gāf (Persian)]]
+*[[Gaf|گ - Gaf]]
-*[[Že|ژ - Zhe (Arabic)]]
+*[[Že|ژ - Že]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 [[Category:Persian letters]]
-[[Category:Arabic alphabet]]
+[[Category:Urdu letters]]
+[[Category:Arabic script]]