Che (Persian letter): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Letter of the Persian alphabet}} |
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{{Contains special |
{{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}} |
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{{More |
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} |
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{{Phoenician glyph|letname=Che|previouslink=Pe (Persian letter)|previousletter=Pe|nextlink=Že|nextletter=Že|perchar=چ|ipa=tʃ|num=30|gem=3000}} |
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{{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}} |
{{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}} |
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{{Arabic alphabet}} |
{{Arabic alphabet}} |
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'''Che''' or '''cheem''' (<big>{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</big>) is a letter of the [[Persian alphabet]], used to represent {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, and which derives from {{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[ǧīm]]}} (<big>{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</big>) by the addition of two [[dot (diacritic)|dots]]. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is based on the ''jim'' <big>{{lang|fa|[[ج]]}}</big>. It is used in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Uyghur]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]), [[Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[Pegon alphabet|Pegon]]), and other [[Indo-Iranian languages]]. It is also one of the five letters the [[Persian alphabet]] added from the twenty-eight inherited from the Arabic alphabet (the others being <big>{{lang|fa|ژ}}</big>, <big>{{lang|fa|پ}}</big>, and <big>{{lang|fa|گ}}</big> in addition to the obsolete <big>{{lang|fa|ڤ}}</big>). In name and shape, it is a variant of ''[[gimel|jim]]''. Its numerical value is 3000 (see [[Abjad numerals]]). |
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{{Arabic alphabet shapes|چ}} |
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When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ג׳ ''gimel'' and a ''[[geresh]]''. |
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==In Arabic== |
==In Arabic== |
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[[Image:Givat shmuel sign.png|thumb|right|200px|The initial form of the Persian ''Che'' used to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}} in an [[Israel]]i road sign on the road to [[Giv'at Shmuel]].]] |
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[[Image:Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A bilingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}.]] |
[[Image:Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A bilingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}.]] |
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[[Image:ToNofHagalil (cropped road sign).jpg|thumb|left|200px|In this triscript road sign (below) in Israel, the letter چ is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|g}} in the Hebraized city name of [[Nof HaGalil]].]] |
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The letter {{Script/Arabic|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} |
The letter {{Script/Arabic|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} in [[Gulf Arabic]] and [[Iraqi Arabic]] dialects, where they have that sound natively as in "{{lang|ar|چلب}}" {{IPA|/tʃalb/}} (dog) instead of "{{lang|ar|كلب}}" {{IPA|/kalb/}}. Since the sound is not part of Standard Arabic’s phonology; In most of the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[taw#Arabic tā|tāʾ]]-[[Shin (letter)#Arabic shīn/sīn|šīn]]}}'' ({{Script/Arabic|تش}}) is more likely used to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound which is often realized as two consonants ({{IPAblink|t}}+{{IPAblink|ʃ}}) as in "{{lang|ar|تشاد}}" {{IPA|/tʃaːd/}} ([[Chad]]) and "{{lang|ar|التشيك}}" {{IPA|/at.tʃiːk/}} ([[Czech Republic]]). |
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In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{ |
In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transliteration|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]]. |
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In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter |
In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual or triscripted, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ɡ}} on roadsigns when transcribing [[Hebraization of Palestinian place names|Hebraized]] place names. It has also been used as {{IPAslink|g}} in Lebanon for transliteration such as "{{lang|ar|چامبيا}}" ([[The Gambia]]) and "{{lang|ar|چوچل}}" ([[Google]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref> |
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==Character encodings== |
==Character encodings== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Ve (Arabic)|ڤ - Ve |
*[[Ve (Arabic letter)|ڤ - Ve]] |
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*[[Pe (Persian)|پ - Pe |
*[[Pe (Persian letter)|پ - Pe]] |
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*[[Gaf|گ - |
*[[Gaf|گ - Gaf]] |
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*[[Že|ژ - |
*[[Že|ژ - Že]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Persian letters]] |
[[Category:Persian letters]] |
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[[Category:Urdu letters]] |
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[[Category:Arabic script]] |
[[Category:Arabic script]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:47, 20 October 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
Che | |
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Persian | چ |
Phonemic representation | tʃ |
Position in alphabet | 30 |
Numerical value | 3000 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician |
Persian alphabet |
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ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی |
Perso-Arabic script |
Arabic alphabet |
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Arabic script |
Che or cheem (چ) is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ], and which derives from ǧīm (ج) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is based on the jim ج. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Uyghur, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Javanese (Pegon), and other Indo-Iranian languages. It is also one of the five letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-eight inherited from the Arabic alphabet (the others being ژ, پ, and گ in addition to the obsolete ڤ). In name and shape, it is a variant of jim. Its numerical value is 3000 (see Abjad numerals).
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
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Glyph form: (Help) |
چ | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ |
When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ג׳ gimel and a geresh.
In Arabic
[edit]The letter چ can be used to transcribe [t͡ʃ] in Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic dialects, where they have that sound natively as in "چلب" /tʃalb/ (dog) instead of "كلب" /kalb/. Since the sound is not part of Standard Arabic’s phonology; In most of the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of tāʾ-šīn (تش) is more likely used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound which is often realized as two consonants ([t]+[ʃ]) as in "تشاد" /tʃaːd/ (Chad) and "التشيك" /at.tʃiːk/ (Czech Republic).
In Egypt, this letter represents [ʒ], which can be a reduction of /d͡ʒ/, It is called gīm be talat noʾaṭ (جيم بتلات نقط "Gīm with three dots") there. The /ʒ/ pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.
In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual or triscripted, this letter represents [ɡ] on roadsigns when transcribing Hebraized place names. It has also been used as /g/ in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (The Gambia) and "چوچل" (Google).[1]
Character encodings
[edit]Preview | چ | |
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Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER TCHEH | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 1670 | U+0686 |
UTF-8 | 218 134 | DA 86 |
Numeric character reference | چ |
چ |
Preview | ڜ | |
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Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 1692 | U+069C |
UTF-8 | 218 156 | DA 9C |
Numeric character reference | ڜ |
ڜ |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine