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{{short description|Archaeological site and mountain in Lebanon}}
{{Infobox_ancient_site
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Jebal Saaidé
|name = Jabal es Saaïdé
|native_name =
|native_name = جبل سعيدة
|alternate_name =
|alternate_name =
|image =
|image =
|imagealttext =
|alt =
|caption =
|caption =
|map_type =
|map_type = Lebanon
|map_alt = 1035 Metres
|map_alt = 1035 Metres
|latitude =
|longitude =
|map_size =
|map_size =
|location =8 miles from [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]]
|location = {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]]
|region = [[Bekaa]]
|region = [[Bekaa]]
|coordinates = 34° 09', 36° 13'
|coordinates = {{coord|34.155444|36.228847|display=inline}}
|type =
|type =
|part_of = Village
|part_of = Village
Line 22: Line 21:
|builder =
|builder =
|material =
|material =
|built = c. 8200-6200 BC
|built = c. 10000 BC
|abandoned =
|abandoned =
|epochs = [[Epipaleolithic]], [[Natufian]], [[PPNB]]
|epochs = [[Epipaleolithic]], [[Natufian]], [[PPNA]], [[PPNB]]
|cultures =
|cultures =
|dependency_of =
|dependency_of =
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|event =
|event =
|excavations = 1966, 1969
|excavations = 1966, 1969
|archaeologists = Bruce Schroeder, J. Besançon, F. Hours
|archaeologists = [[Bruce Schroeder]], Jacques Besançon, Francis Hours
|condition = ruins
|condition = ruins
|ownership =
|ownership =
Line 38: Line 37:
|notes =
|notes =
}}
}}
'''Jabal es Saaïdé''' ({{langx|ar|جبل سعيدة}}), Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately {{convert|12|km|mi}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]].
'''Jebal Saaidé''' (or Saaidé I & Saaidé II) is a village and archaeological site 8 miles (12km) North East of Baalbek.


In the summer of 1966, the [[Lebanese Army]] dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered a large number of tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the [[PPNB]]. J. Besançon & F. Hours later discovered a [[Palaeolithic]] layer below the [[Neolithic]] level, recovering [[knives]], [[arrowheads]], scrapers and retouched blades along eith a fragment of a small, flat, cutting [[axe]].<ref>[http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf HAÏDAR-BOUSTANI, MAYA,. LE NÉOLITHIQUE DU LIBAN DANS LE CONTEXTE PROCHE-ORIENTAL ÉTAT DES CONNAISSANCES., ANNALES D’HISTOIRE ET D’ARCHÉOLOGIE, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth., Vol. 12-13, 2001-2002, ISSN 1729-6927]</ref>
Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the [[Lebanese Army]] dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered many tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the [[PPNB]] or [[PPNA]].<ref>[http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.]</ref> Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a [[Palaeolithic]] layer below the [[Neolithic]] level, recovering [[knives]], [[arrowheads]], scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting [[axe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Haidar-Boustani|first=Maya|date=2001–2002|title=Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances|journal=Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie|publisher=[[Université Saint-Joseph]]|volume=12-13|issn=1729-6927|url=http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf}}</ref>


Saaidé II was first excavated in 1969 by Bruce Schroeder from the [[University of Toronto]] who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of [[mortars]] and pestles, scrapers, [[chisels]], borers, retouched [[microliths]], geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45-50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds ([[duck]], [[goose]], [[eagle]]) and mammals ([[badger]], [[lynx]], [[deer]], [[ox]], [[gazelle]], [[sheep]] and [[goat]]).
Saaidé II, almost {{convert|0.25|ha|ft2}} in size, was first excavated in 1969 by [[Bruce Schroeder]] from the [[University of Toronto]] who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of [[mortar (masonry)|mortars]] and pestles, scrapers, [[chisels]], borers, retouched [[microliths]], geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds ([[duck]], [[goose]], [[eagle]]) and mammals ([[badger]], [[lynx]], [[deer]], [[ox]], [[gazelle]], [[sheep]] and [[goat]]). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in [[Lebanon]] to date.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFNtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9|title=Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19|publisher=The [[American University of Beirut]]|year=1968}}</ref> Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.<ref name="Akk">{{Cite book
| last2 = Schwartz

| first2 = Glenn M.
Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in [[Lebanon]] to date.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vFNtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9&dq=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9&hl=en&ei=f1hkTZWANtSxhQfqluS_DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19, American University of Beirut, 1968]</ref>
| last1 = Akkermans
| first1 = Peter M. M. G.
| title = The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 BC)
| url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologysyria00akke
| url-access = limited
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
| year = 2003
| page = [https://archive.org/details/archaeologysyria00akke/page/n25 33]
| isbn = 0-521-79666-0 }}</ref>


== Literature ==
== Literature ==


* Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29-61, 1970.
* Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29–61, 1970.
* Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130-196, 1976.
* Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130–196, 1976.
* Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43-80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
* Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43–80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
* Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27-42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
* Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27–42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
* Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla,. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
* Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla,. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
* Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p. 293-294, 1975-1976-1977.
* Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p.&nbsp;293-294, 1975-1976-1977.
* Churcher, P., « The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian level at Jebel es-Saaïde (Saaïde II), Lebanon », Paléorient, 20/2, p. 35-58, 1994,
* Churcher, P., « The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian level at Jebel es-Saaïde (Saaïde II), Lebanon », Paléorient, 20/2, p.&nbsp;35-58, 1994,


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Baalbek District}}
{{Portal | Archaeology}}
{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}
{{Portal | Ancient Near East}}
{{Portal|Lebanon|History|Asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabal Es Saaide}}
[[Category:1966 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
[[Category: Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Neolithic]]
[[Category:Neolithic sites of Asia]]
[[Category:Epipaleolithic settlements]]
[[Category:Natufian sites]]
[[Category:Natufian sites]]
[[Category:Fertile Crescent]]
[[Category:Mountains of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Type sites]]
[[Category:Baalbek District]]
[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
[[Category:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B]]
[[Category:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]]

Latest revision as of 15:52, 20 October 2024

Jabal es Saaïdé
جبل سعيدة
1035 Metres
1035 Metres
Shown within Lebanon
Location12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Baalbek, Lebanon
RegionBekaa
Coordinates34°09′20″N 36°13′44″E / 34.155444°N 36.228847°E / 34.155444; 36.228847
Part ofVillage
History
Foundedc. 10000 BC
PeriodsEpipaleolithic, Natufian, PPNA, PPNB
Site notes
Excavation dates1966, 1969
ArchaeologistsBruce Schroeder, Jacques Besançon, Francis Hours
Conditionruins
Public accessYes

Jabal es Saaïdé (Arabic: جبل سعيدة), Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Baalbek, Lebanon.

Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the Lebanese Army dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered many tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the PPNB or PPNA.[1] Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a Palaeolithic layer below the Neolithic level, recovering knives, arrowheads, scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting axe.[2]

Saaidé II, almost 0.25 hectares (27,000 sq ft) in size, was first excavated in 1969 by Bruce Schroeder from the University of Toronto who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of mortars and pestles, scrapers, chisels, borers, retouched microliths, geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds (duck, goose, eagle) and mammals (badger, lynx, deer, ox, gazelle, sheep and goat). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in Lebanon to date.[3] Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.[4]

Literature

[edit]
  • Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29–61, 1970.
  • Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130–196, 1976.
  • Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43–80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
  • Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27–42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
  • Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla,. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
  • Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p. 293-294, 1975-1976-1977.
  • Churcher, P., « The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian level at Jebel es-Saaïde (Saaïde II), Lebanon », Paléorient, 20/2, p. 35-58, 1994,

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.
  2. ^ Haidar-Boustani, Maya (2001–2002). "Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances" (PDF). Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie. 12–13. Université Saint-Joseph. ISSN 1729-6927.
  3. ^ Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19. The American University of Beirut. 1968.
  4. ^ Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2003). The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 BC). Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-521-79666-0.
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