Jabal es Saaïdé: Difference between revisions

Jabal es Saaïdé
جبل سعيدة
	Shown within Lebanon
Location	12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Baalbek, Lebanon
Region	Bekaa
Coordinates	34°09′20″N 36°13′44″E / 34.155444°N 36.228847°E
Part of	Village
History
Founded	c. 10000 BC
Periods	Epipaleolithic, Natufian, PPNA, PPNB
Site notes
Excavation dates	1966, 1969
Archaeologists	Bruce Schroeder, Jacques Besançon, Francis Hours
Condition	ruins
Public access	Yes

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Jabal es Saaïdé (Arabic: جبل سعيدة), Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Baalbek, Lebanon.

Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the Lebanese Army dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered many tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the PPNB or PPNA.^[1] Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a Palaeolithic layer below the Neolithic level, recovering knives, arrowheads, scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting axe.^[2]

Saaidé II, almost 0.25 hectares (27,000 sq ft) in size, was first excavated in 1969 by Bruce Schroeder from the University of Toronto who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of mortars and pestles, scrapers, chisels, borers, retouched microliths, geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds (duck, goose, eagle) and mammals (badger, lynx, deer, ox, gazelle, sheep and goat). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in Lebanon to date.^[3] Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.^[4]

Literature

Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29–61, 1970.
Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130–196, 1976.
Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43–80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27–42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla,. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p. 293-294, 1975-1976-1977.
Churcher, P., « The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian level at Jebel es-Saaïde (Saaïde II), Lebanon », Paléorient, 20/2, p. 35-58, 1994,

Footnotes

^ Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.
^ Haidar-Boustani, Maya (2001–2002). "Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances" (PDF). Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie. 12–13. Université Saint-Joseph. ISSN 1729-6927.
^ Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19. The American University of Beirut. 1968.
^ Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2003). The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 BC). Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-521-79666-0.

[1] Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.

[2] Haidar-Boustani, Maya (2001–2002). "Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances" (PDF). Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie. 12–13. Université Saint-Joseph. ISSN 1729-6927.

[3] Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19. The American University of Beirut. 1968.

[Akk-4] Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2003). The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 BC). Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-521-79666-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |map_alt = 1035 Metres
 |map_size =
-|location ={{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]]
+|location = {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]]
 |region = [[Bekaa]]
 |coordinates = {{coord|34.155444|36.228847|display=inline}}
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 |notes =
 }}
-'''Jabal es Saaïdé''' ({{lang-ar|جبل سعيدة}}), Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately {{convert|12|km|mi}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]].
+'''Jabal es Saaïdé''' ({{langx|ar|جبل سعيدة}}), Jabal es Saaide, Jabal as Sa`idah, Jabal as Sa`īdah, Jebal Saaidé, Jebel Saaidé or Jabal Saaidé is a Mountain in Lebanon near the inhabited village of Saaïdé, approximately {{convert|12|km|mi}} northeast of [[Baalbek]], [[Lebanon]].
-Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the [[Lebanese Army]] dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered a large number of tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the [[PPNB]] or [[PPNA]].<ref>[http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.]</ref> Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a [[Palaeolithic]] layer below the [[Neolithic]] level, recovering [[knives]], [[arrowheads]], scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting [[axe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Haidar-Boustani|first=Maya|date=2001–2002|title=Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances|journal=Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie|publisher=[[Université Saint-Joseph]]|volume=12-13|issn=1729-6927|url=http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf}}</ref>
+Saaidé I & Saaidé II are archaeological sites of note in this area. In the summer of 1966, the [[Lebanese Army]] dug a trench at Saaidé I, and recovered many tools and lithics including sickles, grinders, scrapers, chisels, awls and blades suggested to date to the [[PPNB]] or [[PPNA]].<ref>[http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Hours, F., « Tableau de préhistoire libanaise »,. Paléorient 3, 1975-1976-1977, p. 5-46.]</ref> Jacques Besançon & Francis Hours later discovered a [[Palaeolithic]] layer below the [[Neolithic]] level, recovering [[knives]], [[arrowheads]], scrapers and retouched blades along with a fragment of a small, flat, cutting [[axe]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Haidar-Boustani|first=Maya|date=2001–2002|title=Le Néolithique du Liban dans le contexte proche-oriental: Etat des connaissances|journal=Annales d'histoire et d'archéologie|publisher=[[Université Saint-Joseph]]|volume=12-13|issn=1729-6927|url=http://www.usj.edu.lb/mpl/pdf/1.pdf}}</ref>
-Saaidé II, almost {{convert|0.25|ha|ft2}} in size, was first excavated in 1969 by [[Bruce Schroeder]] from the [[University of Toronto]] who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of [[mortar (masonry)|mortars]] and pestles, scrapers, [[chisels]], borers, retouched [[microliths]], geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds ([[duck]], [[goose]], [[eagle]]) and mammals ([[badger]], [[lynx]], [[deer]], [[ox]], [[gazelle]], [[sheep]] and [[goat]]). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in [[Lebanon]] to date.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFNtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9&dq=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9&hl=en&ei=f1hkTZWANtSxhQfqluS_DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg|title=Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19|publisher=The [[American University of Beirut]]|year=1968}}</ref> Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.<ref name="Akk">{{Cite book
+Saaidé II, almost {{convert|0.25|ha|ft2}} in size, was first excavated in 1969 by [[Bruce Schroeder]] from the [[University of Toronto]] who found the site badly damaged by modern agriculture. Investigations have recovered a wide range of [[mortar (masonry)|mortars]] and pestles, scrapers, [[chisels]], borers, retouched [[microliths]], geometric and non-geometric microliths. One grave was found with some tiny skull fragments from an adult aged 45–50 years. Local fauna consisted of turtles, birds ([[duck]], [[goose]], [[eagle]]) and mammals ([[badger]], [[lynx]], [[deer]], [[ox]], [[gazelle]], [[sheep]] and [[goat]]). Jebal Saaidé is the only pre-agricultural village found in [[Lebanon]] to date.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFNtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jebal+Saaid%C3%A9|title=Berytus: archeological studies, Volumes 17-19|publisher=The [[American University of Beirut]]|year=1968}}</ref> Inhabitants seem to have hunted different animals including lynx, red deer, gazelle, and some aquatic and migratory birds.<ref name="Akk">{{Cite book
   | last2 = Schwartz
   | first2 = Glenn M.
-  | last = Akkermans
+  | last1 = Akkermans
-  | first = Peter M. M. G.
+  | first1 = Peter M. M. G.
   | title = The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 BC)
+  | url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologysyria00akke
+  | url-access = limited
   | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
   | year = 2003
+  | page = [https://archive.org/details/archaeologysyria00akke/page/n25 33]
-  | page = 33
   | isbn = 0-521-79666-0 }}</ref>
 == Literature ==
-* Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29-61, 1970.
+* Besançon, J. Hours, F,. Une coupe dans le quaternaire récent. Saaidé I (Beqaa centrale, Liban), Hannon, 5, 29–61, 1970.
-* Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130-196, 1976.
+* Hours, F,. L'épipaléolithique au Liban. Resultats acquis en 1975, Colloque III, UISPP 1976, 9ème Congrès de l'UISPP, Nice, 130–196, 1976.
-* Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43-80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
+* Schroeder, H.B., Natufian in the Central Béqaa Valley, Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 43–80, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
-* Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27-42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
+* Copeland, L., Natufian Sites in Lebanon, Bar-Yosef and Valla (eds.) 1991, The Natufian Culture in the Levant, 27–42,International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991
 * Ofer Bar-Yosef, François Raymond Valla,. The Natufian culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1991.
 * Soliveres, O., « Restes humains natoufiens du Jebal Saaidé (Epipaléolithique du Liban) », Paléorient, 3, p.&nbsp;293-294, 1975-1976-1977.
@@ Line 66: / Line 68: @@
 {{Baalbek District}}
 {{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}
-{{Portal|Lebanon|History|Ancient Near East}}
+{{Portal|Lebanon|History|Asia}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jabal Es Saaide}}
+[[Category:1966 archaeological discoveries]]
 [[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
 [[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]
-[[Category:Neolithic]]
+[[Category:Neolithic sites of Asia]]
 [[Category:Natufian sites]]
 [[Category:Mountains of Lebanon]]
 [[Category:Baalbek District]]
 [[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
+[[Category:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B]]
+[[Category:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]]

v t e Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Capital: Baalbek
Towns and villages	Ain Ainata Arsal Baalbek Barka Bednayel Bechwat Beit Chama - Aaqidiyeh Brital Btadhi Bodai Chaat Chlifa Chmestar - Gharbi Baalbeck Deir el Ahmar Douriss Fakiha - Jdeydeh Fleweh Hadath Baalbek Hallanieh Harbata Hizzine Hlabta Hosh Barada Hosh el Rafika Hosh Snid Haouch Tall Safiyeh Iaat Jabbouleh Janta Jebaa Jdeide Kfar Dane Kasarnaba Khodr Khraibeh Kneisseh Laat Labweh Majdloun Mikna Nabi Chit Nabi Othman Nahleh Qaa Qarha Ram - Jbenniyeh Ras Baalbek Ras el Hadis Saayde Seriine el Fawka Seriine el Tahta Talya Taraya Taybeh Temnin el Fawka Temnine Et Tahta Tfail Wadi Faara Yammouneh Younine
Other	Ard Tlaili Jabal es Saaïdé