Alexander Korsakov: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Russian general}} |
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[[File:Портрет Римского-Корсакова. 1820-е.jpg|thumb|Portrait by [[Alexander Varnek]]]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Alexander Mikhailovich Rimsky-Korsakov''' ({{langx|ru|Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ри́мский-Ко́рсаков}}; August 24, 1753 – May 25, 1840) was a Russian [[general]] remembered as an unlucky assistant to [[Alexander Suvorov]] during his [[Suvorov's Italian and Swiss expedition|Swiss expedition of 1799–1800]]. |
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== Early career== |
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Korsakov entered military service |
Korsakov entered military service as a cadet in the [[Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment]], and was appointed lieutenant colonel of the [[29th Chernigov Infantry Regiment|Chernigov Musketeer Regiment]] at age 25. He fought in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)|Russo-Turkish War]] in 1788 and 1789, and in the [[Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)|Russo-Swedish War]]. He subsequently became a major-general of the [[Semenovsky Regiment]] of the [[Leib Guard]] and was assigned to accompany the [[Charles X of France|Count of Artois]] to [[England]]. From there he went to [[Flanders]] as Russian observer to the army commanded by [[Prince Josias of Coburg]]. His account to the tsarina of the [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)]] won him favour; on returning to [[St. Petersburg]], he was dispatched to serve under Count [[Valerian Zubov]] in an [[Persian Expedition of 1796|ill-fated expedition against Persia]], which Emperor [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] recalled in 1799 in order to deal with the [[Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary Wars]]. In 1797, Korsakov was elevated to inspector general of Infantry, and the following year, general lieutenant. |
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==1799 campaign in Switzerland== |
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Paul I gave Korsakov command of an army of 40,000 men to drive the French out of [[Switzerland]]. Korsakov took the army to [[Zürich]] to join up with the 25,000-man army of [[Austria]]n general [[Friedrich von Hotze]]; [[Alexander Suvorov]]'s army was also supposed to meet them, but did not arrive in time. The French under [[André Masséna]] attacked on September 25, 1799 in the [[Second Battle of Zürich]], winning a victory and forcing Korsakov to withdraw. He led the remainder of his army towards [[Lindall]] and combined it with that of Suvorov, who took over primary command. The combined army turned towards [[Bohemia]], from which Paul I recalled it to Russia for the winter. |
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In 1798, Paul I gave Korsakov command of an expeditionary force of 30,000 men sent to Germany to join [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] in the fight against the [[French First Republic|French Republic]]. At the beginning of 1799, the force was diverted to drive the French out of [[Switzerland]]. Leaving [[Imperial Russia|Russia]] in May, Korsakov reached [[Stockach]] in 90 days. With 29,463 men, his command then marched to [[Zürich]] to join up with the 25,000-man corps of Austrian general [[Friedrich von Hotze]]. It was expected that [[Alexander Suvorov]]'s army would join them from Italy after marching through the [[Alps]], but terrain and enemy action held up Suvorov's advance. In the meantime, Korsakov waited near Zurich in a relaxed state of over-confidence.<ref>Furse, George Armand ''Marengo and Hohenlinden'' (2 vols 1903, facsimile edition Worley 1993 p. 80)</ref> Taking full advantage of this, the French under [[André Masséna]] attacked on 25 September 1799, in the [[Second Battle of Zürich]], winning a signal victory and forcing Korsakov to withdraw rapidly to [[Schaffhausen]], despite almost no pursuit by the French and orders from Suvorov for him to hold his ground. Korsakov then took up a position on the east of the [[Rhine]] in the Dorflingen Camp ([[Dörflingen]]) between Schaffhausen and [[Konstanz|Constance]], remaining there while Masséna was left free to deal with Suvorov. His [[Army of Condé|left]] under [[Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé|Condé]] was driven from Constance on 7 October, on the same day he advanced from [[Büsingen am Hochrhein|Büsingen]] against Schlatt, but was eventually driven back by Masséna, abandoning his hold on the left bank of the Rhine. He joined Suvorov’s survivors at [[Lindau]] on 18 October, and was shortly after relieved of command. Soon after he was dismissed as colonel-in-chief of the Rostov Musketeer Regiment in disgrace. The combined army turned towards [[Bohemia]], from where Paul I recalled the army back to Russia for the winter. |
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==Later career== |
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With the accession of Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] in 1801, Korsakov was appointed [[cavalry]] general. He soon retired from military command, and from 1805 to 1830 served as [[Governor-General of Lithuania]] and ordered the reconstruction of the [[Tuskulėnai Manor]] in [[Vilnius]], where he lived. He died in 1840 in [[St. Petersburg]] as a member of the [[State Council of Imperial Russia]]. |
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With the accession of Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] in 1801, Korsakov was re-appointed as a GvC [[cavalry]] general. He was Governor of Lithuania from 1806 to 1809, based at [[Vilna]], and again from April to June, 1812. On the approach of the French he was ordered to withdraw by [[Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly|Barclay de Tolly]] on 28 June, but returned to serve for a third term as [[Governor-General of Lithuania]] from 8 December 1812 until 1830. During this time he ordered the reconstruction of the [[Tuskulėnai Manor]] in Vilnius, where he lived. Recalled to St. Petersberg after the [[November Uprising|Polish insurrection]] of 1830–31, Korsakov was made member of the [[State Council of Imperial Russia]]. He died in 1840.<ref>Mikaberidze, Alexander. 2005. ''The Russian Officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815'' New York.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
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* Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). ''Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.'' Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. {{ISBN|978-0-7006-3025-7}} |
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* Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). ''The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.'' Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. {{ISBN|978-0-7006-3034-9}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Korsakov, Alexander}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Korsakov, Alexander}} |
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[[Category:1753 births]] |
[[Category:1753 births]] |
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[[Category:1840 deaths]] |
[[Category:1840 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Russian generals]] |
[[Category:Imperial Russian Army generals]] |
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[[Category:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
[[Category:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
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[[Category:Members of the State Council |
[[Category:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)]] |
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[[Category:People of the Russo-Persian Wars]] |
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[[Category:Russian military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]] |
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[[bg:Александър Римски-Корсаков]] |
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[[Category:Governors-general of Lithuania]] |
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[[de:Alexander Michailowitsch Rimski-Korsakow]] |
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[[fr:Alexandre Rimski-Korsakov]] |
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[[it:Aleksandr Michajlovič Rimskij-Korsakov]] |
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[[pl:Aleksander Rimski-Korsakow]] |
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[[ru:Римский-Корсаков, Александр Михайлович]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:41, 20 October 2024
Alexander Mikhailovich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ри́мский-Ко́рсаков; August 24, 1753 – May 25, 1840) was a Russian general remembered as an unlucky assistant to Alexander Suvorov during his Swiss expedition of 1799–1800.
Early career
[edit]Korsakov entered military service as a cadet in the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment, and was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Chernigov Musketeer Regiment at age 25. He fought in the Russo-Turkish War in 1788 and 1789, and in the Russo-Swedish War. He subsequently became a major-general of the Semenovsky Regiment of the Leib Guard and was assigned to accompany the Count of Artois to England. From there he went to Flanders as Russian observer to the army commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg. His account to the tsarina of the Battle of Fleurus (1794) won him favour; on returning to St. Petersburg, he was dispatched to serve under Count Valerian Zubov in an ill-fated expedition against Persia, which Emperor Paul I recalled in 1799 in order to deal with the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1797, Korsakov was elevated to inspector general of Infantry, and the following year, general lieutenant.
1799 campaign in Switzerland
[edit]In 1798, Paul I gave Korsakov command of an expeditionary force of 30,000 men sent to Germany to join Austria in the fight against the French Republic. At the beginning of 1799, the force was diverted to drive the French out of Switzerland. Leaving Russia in May, Korsakov reached Stockach in 90 days. With 29,463 men, his command then marched to Zürich to join up with the 25,000-man corps of Austrian general Friedrich von Hotze. It was expected that Alexander Suvorov's army would join them from Italy after marching through the Alps, but terrain and enemy action held up Suvorov's advance. In the meantime, Korsakov waited near Zurich in a relaxed state of over-confidence.[1] Taking full advantage of this, the French under André Masséna attacked on 25 September 1799, in the Second Battle of Zürich, winning a signal victory and forcing Korsakov to withdraw rapidly to Schaffhausen, despite almost no pursuit by the French and orders from Suvorov for him to hold his ground. Korsakov then took up a position on the east of the Rhine in the Dorflingen Camp (Dörflingen) between Schaffhausen and Constance, remaining there while Masséna was left free to deal with Suvorov. His left under Condé was driven from Constance on 7 October, on the same day he advanced from Büsingen against Schlatt, but was eventually driven back by Masséna, abandoning his hold on the left bank of the Rhine. He joined Suvorov’s survivors at Lindau on 18 October, and was shortly after relieved of command. Soon after he was dismissed as colonel-in-chief of the Rostov Musketeer Regiment in disgrace. The combined army turned towards Bohemia, from where Paul I recalled the army back to Russia for the winter.
Later career
[edit]With the accession of Emperor Alexander I in 1801, Korsakov was re-appointed as a GvC cavalry general. He was Governor of Lithuania from 1806 to 1809, based at Vilna, and again from April to June, 1812. On the approach of the French he was ordered to withdraw by Barclay de Tolly on 28 June, but returned to serve for a third term as Governor-General of Lithuania from 8 December 1812 until 1830. During this time he ordered the reconstruction of the Tuskulėnai Manor in Vilnius, where he lived. Recalled to St. Petersberg after the Polish insurrection of 1830–31, Korsakov was made member of the State Council of Imperial Russia. He died in 1840.[2]
References
[edit]- Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7
- Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3034-9
- "Korssakow". Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 10 (4th ed.). 1890. p. 103.
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