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'''''Amanita farinosa''''', commonly known as the '''Eastern American floury amanita''' or the '''American floury amanita''',<ref name=NGSWG>{{NGSWG}}</ref> is a [[North America]]n [[poisonous mushroom]] of the genus ''[[Amanita]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Roger |title=Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America |year=2010 |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=978-1-55407-651-2 |page=19}}</ref> a genus of fungi including some of the most deadly mushrooms.
'''''Amanita farinosa''''', commonly known as the '''floury amanita''''',''<ref>Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (September 1, 2024). ''Mushrooms of Cascadia: A Comprehensive Guide to Fungi of the Pacific Northwest''. Humboldt County, CA: Backcountry Press. p. 54. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781941624197|<bdi>9781941624197</bdi>]].</ref> '''eastern American floury amanita''' or the '''American floury amanita''',<ref name=NGSWG>{{NGSWG}}</ref> is a North American [[poisonous mushroom]] of the genus ''[[Amanita]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Roger |title=Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America |year=2010 |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=978-1-55407-651-2 |page=19}}</ref> a genus of fungi including some of the most deadly mushrooms.


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Two recent molecular studies show that ''Amanita farinosa'' is part of a subgroup within ''[[Amanita]]'' with its close relatives ''[[Amanita muscaria]]'', ''[[Amanita gemmata|A. gemmata]]'' and ''[[Amanita roseotincta|A. roseotincta]]''.<ref>Moncalvo J-M, Drehmel D, & Vilgalys R. (2000). Variation in modes and rates of evolution in nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA in the mushroom genus ''Amanita'' (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): phylogenetic implications. ''Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution'' '''16''':48-63.</ref><ref>Drehmel D, Moncalvo J-M, & Vilgalys R. (1999). Molecular phylogeny of ''Amanita'' based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and character evolution.
Two recent molecular studies show that ''A.&nbsp;farinosa'' is part of a subgroup within ''[[Amanita]]'' with its close relatives ''[[Amanita muscaria|A.&nbsp;muscaria]]'', ''[[Amanita gemmata|A.&nbsp;gemmata]]'' and ''[[Amanita roseotincta|A.&nbsp;roseotincta]]''.<ref>Moncalvo J-M, Drehmel D, & Vilgalys R. (2000). Variation in modes and rates of evolution in nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA in the mushroom genus ''Amanita'' (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): phylogenetic implications. ''Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution'' '''16''':48-63.</ref><ref>Drehmel D, Moncalvo J-M, & Vilgalys R. (1999). Molecular phylogeny of ''Amanita'' based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and character evolution.
''Mycologia'' '''91''':610-618</ref>
''Mycologia'' '''91''':610-618</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The cap is 2.5&ndash;7&nbsp;cm (1&ndash;2.8&nbsp;inches) in diameter, domed in young and flat in older specimens, with a striate margin. It is whitish grey and covered with brownish grey valval or mealy material. The [[gill (mushroom)|gill]]s are white. They may be attached to the stem or free. They are close and crowded and not bruising. The stem, or the stipe, lacks a ring and at its base a smallish bulb or [[Volva (mycology)|volva]]. It measures up to 6.5&nbsp;cm high, 1&ndash;3 centimeters thick. The stem is white to tan in color.<ref name=Mushroomexpert>Kuo, M. (2008, March). Amanita farinosa. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_farinosa.html</ref> The spores are white. They are 5.5&ndash;8 x 6&ndash;8&nbsp;µm in measurement and inamyloid. The spores are smooth and round to broadly elliptical. The flesh is white in color. It doesn't stain on exposure.<ref name="Mushroomexpert"/> In old specimens, the smell can be strong and that of [[mink]].
The cap is {{Convert|2.5–7|cm|abbr=off|frac=2}} in diameter, domed in young and flat in older specimens, with a striate margin. It is whitish grey and covered with brownish grey volval or mealy material. The [[gill (mushroom)|gill]]s are white. They may be attached to the stem or free. They are close and crowded and not bruising. The stem, or the stipe, lacks a ring and at its base a smallish bulb or [[Volva (mycology)|volva]]. It measures up to 6.5&nbsp;cm high, 1&ndash;3 cm thick. The stem is white to tan in color.<ref name=Mushroomexpert>Kuo, M. (2008, March). Amanita farinosa. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_farinosa.html</ref> The spores are white. They are 5.5&ndash;8 x 6&ndash;8&nbsp;μm in measurement and inamyloid. The [[Basidiospore|spores]] are smooth and round to broadly elliptical. The flesh is white in color. It does not stain on exposure.<ref name="Mushroomexpert"/> In old specimens, the smell can be strong and that of [[mink]].


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
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[[Category:Fungi described in 1822]]
[[Category:Fungi described in 1822]]
[[Category:Fungi without expected TNC conservation status]]
[[Category:Fungi without expected TNC conservation status]]
[[Category:Fungus species]]

Latest revision as of 22:14, 20 October 2024

Amanita farinosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. farinosa
Binomial name
Amanita farinosa
(Schw.)
Amanita farinosa
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is flat or convex
Hymenium is free
Stipe is bare
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is poisonous

Amanita farinosa, commonly known as the floury amanita,[1] eastern American floury amanita or the American floury amanita,[2] is a North American poisonous mushroom of the genus Amanita,[3] a genus of fungi including some of the most deadly mushrooms.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Two recent molecular studies show that A. farinosa is part of a subgroup within Amanita with its close relatives A. muscaria, A. gemmata and A. roseotincta.[4][5]

Description

[edit]

The cap is 2.5–7 centimetres (1–3 inches) in diameter, domed in young and flat in older specimens, with a striate margin. It is whitish grey and covered with brownish grey volval or mealy material. The gills are white. They may be attached to the stem or free. They are close and crowded and not bruising. The stem, or the stipe, lacks a ring and at its base a smallish bulb or volva. It measures up to 6.5 cm high, 1–3 cm thick. The stem is white to tan in color.[6] The spores are white. They are 5.5–8 x 6–8 μm in measurement and inamyloid. The spores are smooth and round to broadly elliptical. The flesh is white in color. It does not stain on exposure.[6] In old specimens, the smell can be strong and that of mink.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

An uncommon mushroom, it is found across North America in late summer to late autumn in coniferous or deciduous woodlands.

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (September 1, 2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia: A Comprehensive Guide to Fungi of the Pacific Northwest. Humboldt County, CA: Backcountry Press. p. 54. ISBN 9781941624197.
  2. ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  3. ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  4. ^ Moncalvo J-M, Drehmel D, & Vilgalys R. (2000). Variation in modes and rates of evolution in nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA in the mushroom genus Amanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): phylogenetic implications. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution 16:48-63.
  5. ^ Drehmel D, Moncalvo J-M, & Vilgalys R. (1999). Molecular phylogeny of Amanita based on large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and character evolution. Mycologia 91:610-618
  6. ^ a b Kuo, M. (2008, March). Amanita farinosa. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_farinosa.html
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