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{{Short description|16th-century Roman Catholic church in Venice, Italy}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = {{lang|it|Chiesa di San Sebastiano}} <br> <small>Church of San Sebastiano</small>
| building_name = {{lang|it|Chiesa di San Sebastiano}} <br/> <small>Church of San Sebastiano</small>
| infobox_width =
| infobox_width =
| image = Venezia San Sebastiano.jpg
| image = San Sebastiano (Venice) Facade.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| caption = Facade
| location = Dorsoduro, [[Venice]], Italy
| location = Dorsoduro, [[Venice]], Italy
| geo ={{Coord|45.432|12.320|display=inline,title|region:IT_scale:5000}}
| coordinates ={{Coord|45.432|12.320|display=inline,title|region:IT_scale:5000}}
| map_type = Venezia#Italy
| religious_affiliation = [[Roman Catholic]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Roman Catholic]]
| rite =
| rite =
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| materials =
| materials =
}}
}}
[[File:Église San Sebastiano Arrière et clocher.jpg|thumb|Bell tower and apse.]]

The '''Chiesa di San Sebastiano''' ({{lang-en|Church of Saint Sebastian}}) is a 16th century [[Roman Catholic]] [[Church (building)|church]] located in the [[Dorsoduro]] ''[[sestiere]]'' of the Italian city of [[Venice]], notable particularly for its cycle of paintings by the artist [[Paolo Veronese]]. It is a member of the [[Chorus Association]] of Venetian churches and besides the numerous works by Veronese, also houses paintings by [[Tintoretto]] and [[Titian]]. It stands on the Campo di San Sebastiano by the Rio di San Basilio close to the [[Giudecca Canal]]. It is one of the five votive churches in Venice, each one built after the passing of a [[pandemic|plague]] through the city.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Avery |first=Harold |title=Plague churches, monuments and memorials |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=110–116 |year=1966 |month=February |pmid=5906745 |pmc=1900794 |doi= }}</ref> Following construction the church was dedicated to a Saint associated with the disease; in this case [[Saint Sebastian|St. Sebastian]].
The '''Chiesa di San Sebastiano''' ({{langx|en|Church of Saint Sebastian}}) is a 16th-century [[Roman Catholic]] [[Church (building)|church]] located in the [[Dorsoduro]] ''[[sestiere]]'' of the Italian city of [[Venice]]. The church houses a cycle of paintings by the artist [[Paolo Veronese]], as well as paintings by [[Tintoretto]] and [[Titian]]. The church is a member of the [[Chorus Association]] of Venetian churches. It stands on the Campo di San Sebastiano by the Rio di San Basilio, close to the Giudecca Canal. It is one of the five votive churches in Venice, each one built after the passing of a [[pandemic|plague]] through the city.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Avery |first=Harold |title=Plague churches, monuments and memorials |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=110–116 |date=February 1966 |pmid=5906745 |pmc=1900794 }}</ref> Following construction, the church was dedicated to a saint associated with the disease; in this case [[Saint Sebastian|St. Sebastian]].


== History ==
== History ==


San Sebastiano is located on the site of a former hospice which was founded by the confraternity of [[Hieronymites|Gerolimine]] fathers in 1393. Close to the hospice was an [[Oratory (worship)|Oratory]], built in 1396 and dedicated to Santa Maria Full of Grace and Justice. This was later expanded and in 1468 was converted into a church dedicated to Saint Sebastian the martyr who was one of the chief patrons against [[pandemic|plague]] and pestilence in Europe. The church is therefore regarded as one of the great [[Plague-Church]]es of Venice, built to temper divine punishment, as the [[pandemic|plague]] was viewed in the [[Middle Ages]].<ref name=allen>{{cite book|title=Venice|last=Allen|first=Grant|publisher=G. Richards|location=London|year=1898|pages=116–119|isbn=0665050895|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/venicegrantallen00allerich#page/116/mode/2up}}</ref>
San Sebastiano is located on the site of a former hospice which was founded by the confraternity of [[Hieronymites|Gerolimine]] fathers in 1393. Close to the hospice was an [[Oratory (worship)|Oratory]], built in 1396, and dedicated to Santa Maria Full of Grace and Justice. This was later expanded, and in 1468 was converted into a church dedicated to Saint Sebastian the martyr who was one of the chief patrons against [[pandemic|plague]] and pestilence in Europe. The church is therefore regarded as one of the great [[Plague-Church]]es of Venice, built to temper divine punishment, as the [[pandemic|plague]] was viewed in the [[Middle Ages]].<ref name=allen>{{cite book|title=Venice|last=Allen|first=Grant|publisher=G. Richards|location=London|year=1898|pages=116–119|isbn=0-665-05089-5|url=https://archive.org/stream/venicegrantallen00allerich#page/116/mode/2up}}</ref>


Starting in 1506 a number of alterations including restructuring and enlargement, overseen by the architect [[Antonio Abbondi]] (known as Scarpagnino), gave the church its current appearance. The expansion was completed in 1548 and the church was finally consecrated in 1562.<ref name=venziasi /> It has a single-nave layout designed on a [[Latin cross]]. It has an atrium, above which is a raised [[choir]], and culminates in an [[Presbytery (architecture)|apsidal presbytery]] under a [[cupola]].<ref name=chorus>{{cite web|title=Church of San Sebastiano|publisher=Chorus Associazione|url=http://www.chorusvenezia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=7|accessdate=10 December 2009}}</ref> The architectural style of the church is [[Renaissance]].<ref name=allen /> A restoration project was undertaken in 1867.<ref name=hutton>{{cite book|title=Venice and Venetia|last=Hutton|first=Edward|page=141|edition=4th|year=1954|isbn=1444649922}}</ref>
Starting in 1506, a number of alterations, including restructuring and enlargement overseen by the architect [[Antonio Abbondi]] (known as Scarpagnino), gave the church its current appearance. The expansion was completed in 1548, and the church was finally consecrated in 1562.<ref name=venziasi /> It has a single-nave layout designed on a [[Latin cross]]. It has an atrium, above which is a raised [[choir]], and culminates in an [[Presbytery (architecture)|apsidal presbytery]] under a [[cupola]].<ref name=chorus>{{cite web|title=Church of San Sebastiano|publisher=Chorus Associazione|url=http://www.chorusvenezia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=7|access-date=10 December 2009}}</ref> The architectural style of the church is [[Renaissance]].<ref name=allen /> A restoration project was undertaken in 1867.<ref name=hutton>{{cite book|title=Venice and Venetia|last=Hutton|first=Edward|page=141|edition=4th|year=1954|publisher=Read Books |isbn=1-4446-4992-2}}</ref>


== Exterior ==
== Exterior ==
Line 47: Line 50:


== Interior ==
== Interior ==
[[File:Paolo Veronese 024.jpg|thumb|Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, 1564-65, Paolo Veronese]]
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[[File:Veneto Venezia11 tango7174.jpg|thumb|Coffer ceiling by Paolo Veronese]]
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[[File:Veneto Venezia12 tango7174.jpg|thumb|Organ decorated by Paolo Veronese]]


Following a commission by Brother Bernardo Torlioni the [[Verona]]-born painter [[Paolo Veronese]] spent three periods between 1555 and 1570 decorating various parts of the interior of San Sebastiano. This included paintings, ceiling [[fresco]]es and frescoes on the nave and altar walls. Veronese also decorated parts of the [[sacristy]], the choir, as well as completing the organ decorations and a large altar piece.<ref name=venziasi>{{cite web|title=Church of St Sebastiano|publisher=VeneziaSi|url=http://www.veneziasi.it/en/venice-churches/church-st-sebastiano.html|accessdate=10 December 2009}}</ref>
Following a commission by Brother Bernardo Torlioni, the [[Verona]]-born painter [[Paolo Veronese]] spent three periods between 1555 and 1570 decorating various parts of the interior of San Sebastiano. This included paintings, ceiling canvases and [[fresco]]es on the nave and altar walls. Veronese also decorated parts of the [[sacristy]] and choir, as well as completing the organ decorations and a large altar piece.<ref name=venziasi>{{cite web|title=Church of St Sebastiano|publisher=VeneziaSi|url=http://www.veneziasi.it/en/venice-churches/church-st-sebastiano.html|access-date=10 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703220901/http://www.veneziasi.it/en/venice-churches/church-st-sebastiano.html|archive-date=3 July 2011}}</ref>


The nave's sectioned ceiling contains three paintings depicting episodes from the [[Book of Esther]] which Veronese completed in 1556. The paintings behind the choir depict the life of [[St Sebastian]] to whom the church is dedicated. The organ doors and frontal contain three pieces: ''The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple''; ''The Washing of Sacrificial Animals in the Temple''; and ''The Nativity''.<ref name=chorus/> Veronese also painted an ''Assumption of the Virgin'' in the cupola but this was destroyed in the 18th century.<ref name=jeffries/>
The nave's sectioned ceiling contains three paintings depicting episodes from the [[Book of Esther]] which Veronese completed in 1556. The paintings behind the choir depict the life of [[St Sebastian]] to whom the church is dedicated. The organ doors and frontal contain three pieces: ''The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple''; ''The Washing of Sacrificial Animals in the Temple''; and ''The Nativity''.<ref name=chorus/> Veronese also painted an ''Assumption of the Virgin'' in the cupola but this was destroyed in the 18th century.<ref name=jeffries/>


The painting standing behind the high altar was the last work completed by Veronese in the church. It is a scene depicting ''Madonna in Glory with St. Sebastian and other Saints'' and was completed in 1570. The painting is enclosed in a multi-coloured marble frame of the artist's own design which was commissioned by a Ventian noblewoman, Lise Querini, in 1559.<ref name=jeffries>{{cite book|title=Venice reconsidered: the history and civilization of an Italian city-state, 1297-1797|editor1-last=Martin|editor1-first=John Jeffries|editor2-last=Romano|editor2-first=Dennis|chapter=Veronese's High Altarpiece for San Sebastiano|last=Humfrey|first=Peter|pages=365–388|year=2000|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=0801873088}}</ref> The conception and execution of the painting by Veronese would have coincided with the final sessions of the [[Council of Trent]] which published a series of decrees in 1564. These condemned Protestant iconoclasm and renewed earlier emphasis on the inspirational value (namely through scenes of martyrdom) of saints' images.<ref name=jeffries />
The painting standing behind the high altar was the last work completed by Veronese in the church. It is a scene depicting ''Madonna in Glory with St Sebastian and other Saints'' and was completed in 1570. The painting is enclosed in a multi-coloured marble frame of the artist's own design which was commissioned by a Venetian noblewoman, Lise Querini, in 1559.<ref name=jeffries>{{cite book|title=Venice reconsidered: the history and civilization of an Italian city-state, 1297-1797|url=https://archive.org/details/venicereconsider00mart|url-access=limited|editor1-last=Martin|editor1-first=John Jeffries|editor2-last=Romano|editor2-first=Dennis|chapter=Veronese's High Altarpiece for San Sebastiano|last=Humfrey|first=Peter|pages=[https://archive.org/details/venicereconsider00mart/page/n383 365]–388|year=2000|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=0-8018-7308-8}}</ref> The conception and execution of the painting by Veronese would have coincided with the final sessions of the [[Council of Trent]] which published a series of decrees in 1564. These decrees condemned Protestant iconoclasm and renewed earlier emphasis on the inspirational value (namely through scenes of martyrdom) of saints' images.<ref name=jeffries />


Following his decades of work within the church, on his death Veronese was entombed there in 1588.<ref name=hutton /> The tomb is located to the left of the presbytery.<ref name=venziasi />
Following his decades of work within the church, on his death, Veronese was entombed there in 1588.<ref name=hutton /> The tomb is located to the left of the sanctuary.<ref name=venziasi />


Other notable works found in the church include [[Titian]]'s ''St. Nicolas'' (1563) and works by [[Paris Bordone]], [[Jacopo Sansovino]], [[Palma il Giovane]] and [[Alessandro Vittoria]]. In the sacristy there are works by [[Jacopo Tintoretto]] and [[Bonifacio de' Pitati]].<ref name=chorus />
Other notable works found in the church include [[Titian]]'s ''St Nicolas'' (1563) and works by [[Paris Bordone]], [[Jacopo Sansovino]], [[Palma il Giovane]] and [[Alessandro Vittoria]]. In the sacristy there are works by [[Jacopo Tintoretto]] and [[Bonifacio de' Pitati]].<ref name=chorus />

{| align=center
! colspan="5" | Veronese paintings in San Sebastiano
|-
|[[image: Paolo Veronese 024.jpg|140px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - The Triumph of Mordecai - WGA24785.png|140px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - The Banishment of Vashti.png|140px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St Sebastian - WGA24791.jpg|140px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Three Archers - WGA24789.jpg|140px]]
|-
| ''Virgin Assumed with Saints''
| ''Triumph of [[Mordecai]]''
| ''Banishment of [[Vashti]]''
| ''St Sebastian Martyr''
| ''Archers for St Sebastian''
|-
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Annunciation - WGA24792.jpg|170px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese 025.jpg|170px]]
|[[image:Martyrdom of St Sebastian, glaven korab.jpg|170px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese 030.jpg|170px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St Sebastian Reproving Diocletian - WGA24788.jpg|170px]]
|-
| ''Annunciation<br/>(1558)''
| ''Martyrdom of St Lawrence <br/>(c. 1565)''
| ''Martyrdom of St Sebastian <br/>(1558)''
| ''Martyrdom of Sts Mark & Marcellinus<br/>(c. 1565)''
| ''St Sebastian reproving Diocletian <br/>(1558)''
|-
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Esther Crowned by Ahasuerus - WGA24784.jpg|150px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Coronation of the Virgin - WGA24795.jpg|150px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Presentation in the Temple - WGA24793.jpg|150px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - Healing of the Lame Man at the Pool of Bethesda - WGA24794.jpg|150px]]
⚫
|[[image:Veneto Venezia12 tango7174.jpg|180px]]
|-
| ''Esther Crowned by Ahasuerus''
| ''Coronation of Virgin''
| ''Presentation in the Temple <br/>(1560)''
| ''Miracle at Pool of Bethesda <br/>(organ panels)''
| '' Organ with panels''
|-
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St Matthew - WGA24799.jpg|160px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St Mark - WGA24798.jpg|160px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St Luke - WGA24797.jpg|160px]]
|[[image:Paolo Veronese - St John the Evangelist - WGA24796.jpg|160px]]
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|[[image:Veneto Venezia11 tango7174.jpg|160px]]
|-
| ''St Matthew''
| ''St Mark''
| ''St Luke''
| ''St John''
| Coffered Ceiling with Veronese canvases
|}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
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{{Venice plague churches|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Commons category|San Sebastiano (Venice)|position=left}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}


⚫
{{Venice plague churches|state=uncollapsed}}
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[[Category:Churches in Venice|Sebastiano]]
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Renaissance architecture in Venice]]
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[[Category:Religious buildings completed in 1548]]


[[de:San Sebastiano (Kirche in Venedig)]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sebastiano}}
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Venice]]
[[es:Iglesia de San Sebastián (Venecia)]]
[[Category:Dorsoduro]]
[[fr:Église San Sebastiano]]
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[[Category:Renaissance architecture in Venice]]
[[it:Chiesa di San Sebastiano (Venezia)]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy]]
[[pt:Igreja de São Sebastião (Veneza)]]
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1548]]
[[zh:圣塞巴斯弟盎教堂 (威尼斯)]]
[[Category:1548 establishments in the Republic of Venice]]
[[Category:Plague churches]]
[[Category:Saint Sebastian]]

Latest revision as of 00:35, 21 October 2024

Chiesa di San Sebastiano
Church of San Sebastiano
Facade
Religion
AffiliationRoman Catholic
Year consecrated1562
StatusActive
Location
LocationDorsoduro, Venice, Italy
San Sebastiano, Venice is located in Venice
San Sebastiano, Venice
Shown within Venice
San Sebastiano, Venice is located in Italy
San Sebastiano, Venice
San Sebastiano, Venice (Italy)
Geographic coordinates45°25′55″N 12°19′12″E / 45.432°N 12.320°E / 45.432; 12.320
Architecture
Architect(s)Antonio Abbondi
TypeChurch
StyleRenaissance
Groundbreaking1506
Completed1548
Bell tower and apse.

The Chiesa di San Sebastiano (English: Church of Saint Sebastian) is a 16th-century Roman Catholic church located in the Dorsoduro sestiere of the Italian city of Venice. The church houses a cycle of paintings by the artist Paolo Veronese, as well as paintings by Tintoretto and Titian. The church is a member of the Chorus Association of Venetian churches. It stands on the Campo di San Sebastiano by the Rio di San Basilio, close to the Giudecca Canal. It is one of the five votive churches in Venice, each one built after the passing of a plague through the city.[1] Following construction, the church was dedicated to a saint associated with the disease; in this case St. Sebastian.

History

[edit]

San Sebastiano is located on the site of a former hospice which was founded by the confraternity of Gerolimine fathers in 1393. Close to the hospice was an Oratory, built in 1396, and dedicated to Santa Maria Full of Grace and Justice. This was later expanded, and in 1468 was converted into a church dedicated to Saint Sebastian the martyr who was one of the chief patrons against plague and pestilence in Europe. The church is therefore regarded as one of the great Plague-Churches of Venice, built to temper divine punishment, as the plague was viewed in the Middle Ages.[2]

Starting in 1506, a number of alterations, including restructuring and enlargement overseen by the architect Antonio Abbondi (known as Scarpagnino), gave the church its current appearance. The expansion was completed in 1548, and the church was finally consecrated in 1562.[3] It has a single-nave layout designed on a Latin cross. It has an atrium, above which is a raised choir, and culminates in an apsidal presbytery under a cupola.[4] The architectural style of the church is Renaissance.[2] A restoration project was undertaken in 1867.[5]

Exterior

[edit]

San Sebastiano has a plain façade containing, on the pediment's apex, the figure of St. Sebastian wounded by arrows. Close to the door are small figures of St. Sebastian and St. Jerome, the two saints most closely associated with the church.[2]

Interior

[edit]

Following a commission by Brother Bernardo Torlioni, the Verona-born painter Paolo Veronese spent three periods between 1555 and 1570 decorating various parts of the interior of San Sebastiano. This included paintings, ceiling canvases and frescoes on the nave and altar walls. Veronese also decorated parts of the sacristy and choir, as well as completing the organ decorations and a large altar piece.[3]

The nave's sectioned ceiling contains three paintings depicting episodes from the Book of Esther which Veronese completed in 1556. The paintings behind the choir depict the life of St Sebastian to whom the church is dedicated. The organ doors and frontal contain three pieces: The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple; The Washing of Sacrificial Animals in the Temple; and The Nativity.[4] Veronese also painted an Assumption of the Virgin in the cupola but this was destroyed in the 18th century.[6]

The painting standing behind the high altar was the last work completed by Veronese in the church. It is a scene depicting Madonna in Glory with St Sebastian and other Saints and was completed in 1570. The painting is enclosed in a multi-coloured marble frame of the artist's own design which was commissioned by a Venetian noblewoman, Lise Querini, in 1559.[6] The conception and execution of the painting by Veronese would have coincided with the final sessions of the Council of Trent which published a series of decrees in 1564. These decrees condemned Protestant iconoclasm and renewed earlier emphasis on the inspirational value (namely through scenes of martyrdom) of saints' images.[6]

Following his decades of work within the church, on his death, Veronese was entombed there in 1588.[5] The tomb is located to the left of the sanctuary.[3]

Other notable works found in the church include Titian's St Nicolas (1563) and works by Paris Bordone, Jacopo Sansovino, Palma il Giovane and Alessandro Vittoria. In the sacristy there are works by Jacopo Tintoretto and Bonifacio de' Pitati.[4]

Veronese paintings in San Sebastiano
Virgin Assumed with Saints Triumph of Mordecai Banishment of Vashti St Sebastian Martyr Archers for St Sebastian
Annunciation
(1558) 		Martyrdom of St Lawrence
(c. 1565) 		Martyrdom of St Sebastian
(1558) 		Martyrdom of Sts Mark & Marcellinus
(c. 1565) 		St Sebastian reproving Diocletian
(1558)
Esther Crowned by Ahasuerus Coronation of Virgin Presentation in the Temple
(1560) 		Miracle at Pool of Bethesda
(organ panels) 		Organ with panels
St Matthew St Mark St Luke St John Coffered Ceiling with Veronese canvases

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Avery, Harold (February 1966). "Plague churches, monuments and memorials". Proc. R. Soc. Med. 59 (2): 110–116. PMC 1900794. PMID 5906745.
  2. ^ a b c Allen, Grant (1898). Venice. London: G. Richards. pp. 116–119. ISBN 0-665-05089-5.
  3. ^ a b c "Church of St Sebastiano". VeneziaSi. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "Church of San Sebastiano". Chorus Associazione. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
  5. ^ a b Hutton, Edward (1954). Venice and Venetia (4th ed.). Read Books. p. 141. ISBN 1-4446-4992-2.
  6. ^ a b c Humfrey, Peter (2000). "Veronese's High Altarpiece for San Sebastiano". In Martin, John Jeffries; Romano, Dennis (eds.). Venice reconsidered: the history and civilization of an Italian city-state, 1297-1797. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 365–388. ISBN 0-8018-7308-8.
[edit]
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