Vladimir Heavy Draft: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Russian breed of draught horse}} |
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|name= Vladimir Heavy Draft |
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|image= RussianStamp051.07.jpg |
|image= RussianStamp051.07.jpg |
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|image_caption= Vladimir Heavy Draft on a Russian stamp |
|image_caption= Vladimir Heavy Draft on a Russian stamp |
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|country= [[Russia]] |
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<!-- End Infobox Horse info. Article Begins Here --> |
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| altname = {{ubl|{{langx|ru|Владимирский тяжеловоз}}|Vladimirskiy Tyazhelovoz|Ivanovo|Russian Clydesdale|Vladimir Clydesdale{{r|dad}}}} |
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| country = Russian Federation |
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| distribution = |
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| use = draught, meat{{r|cabi|page=511}} |
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| colour = |
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| height = |
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| male_height = 160 cm{{r|dmit|page=327}} |
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| female_height = 157 cm{{r|dmit|page=327}} |
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| weight = |
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| male_weight = 750–800 kg{{r|dmit|page=327}} |
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| female_weight = |
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| status = [[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=99}} |
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The '''Vladimir Heavy Draft''' is a [[list of horse breeds|breed]] of [[ |
The '''Vladimir Heavy Draft''' is a Russian [[list of horse breeds|breed]] of heavy [[draught horse]]. It was [[selective breeding|bred]] in the early twentieth century in farms and collectives in [[Ivanovo Oblast]] and [[Vladimir Oblast]], to the east of Moscow. The most important influence on the development of the breed was from three [[Clydesdale (horse)|Clydesdale]] stallions foaled between 1910 and 1923. The Vladimir was officially recognised in 1946. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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The Russian Empire had no indigenous breeds of heavy draught horse. The Vladimir was created at about the same time as the development of the [[Russian Heavy Draught]] in Ukraine.{{r|edwards|page=277}} |
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This horse was developed in the province after which it is named at the turn of the 20th century. Today, its breeding is widerspread. The imported foundation stock was mainly [[United Kingdom|British]], consisting of the [[Suffolk Punch]], [[Clydesdale (horse)|Clydesdale]] and [[Shire horse]]. Some [[Ardennes (horse)|Ardennes]] and [[Percheron]] were also used. In 1946, the Vladimir Heavy Draft was found to be breeding sufficiently true to type to consider it a true breed. This quick-maturing, strong, heavy horse is popular for draft work. It is also used for pulling [[troika (horse)|troika]] sleighs. |
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The foundations of the Vladimir breed were laid between 1886 and 1924.{{r|dad}} Initial breeding began at the [[stud farm]] of [[Gavrilov Posad]], in [[Ivanovo Oblast]], where local horses were [[cross-bred]] with imported [[Clydesdale (horse)|Clydesdale]] stock, with some limited influence from [[Cleveland Bay]], [[Percheron]] and [[Suffolk Punch]].{{r|cabi|page=511|edwards|page2=276}} Some use was made of [[Shire (horse)|Shire]] mares between 1919 and 1929.{{r|edwards|page=276|dmit|page2=327}} The three [[foundation stallion]]s of the breed were all Clydesdales. Two of these – Border Brand and Lord James – were foaled in 1910, while Glen Albin was born in 1923.{{r|edwards|page=276}} |
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The amount of cross-breeding was progressively reduced during the 1920s, and over the next twenty years the character and type of the breed were fixed. Official recognition came in 1946.{{r|edwards|page=276}} |
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The head is large and long, with a Roman nose. The neck is strong and long. The back, although broad, can be weak. The croup is long, with a definite slope. The limbs are strong and [[feathering (horse)|feathered]]. [[bay (horse)|Bay]] is its most common colour, but some can be [[black (horse)|black]] and [[chestnut (coat)|chestnut]]. It stands between {[hands|15|and|16.1}}. |
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The Vladimir is a draught horse of medium power, with energetic and active gaits.{{r|dmit|page=327}} It is more solidly built than the Clydesdale, and unusually deep in the girth – thoracic circumference may reach {{nobreak|2.07 m.}} It is usually clean-legged, though [[feathering (horse)|feathering]] can occur. [[Bay (horse)|Bay]] is the most usual colour,{{r|edwards|page=276}} with [[horse markings|white markings]] to the face and legs.{{r|dmit|page=327}} |
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== Use == |
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The Vladimir was bred for agricultural [[draught work]]. It may be reared for [[horsemeat|meat]].{{r|cabi|page=511}} It is fast-growing: at six months, foals may reach a weight of {{nobreak|200 kg.}}{{r|dmit|page=327}} Because of its lively trot movement, it is found suitable for pulling the three-horse ''[[Troika (driving)|troika]]'' of the region.{{r|edwards|page=276}} |
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== Notable records == |
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The speed record set by the Vladimir heavy draught for the urgent delivery of cargo at a trot pace is an absolute speed record for heavy draught of all breeds.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gavrilovposad.com/tpost/58fnosnsnx-istoriya-porodi-vladimirskii-tyazhelovoz | title=История породы Владимирский тяжеловоз }}</ref> |
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- In 1968, the 10-year-old heavy draught Grozny / Грозный (translated as Fearsome) set a record for the urgent delivery of cargo at a trot pace, covering a distance of 2 km with a load of 1.5 tons in 4 minutes and 21 seconds. |
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- In 1988, the five-year-old Pevets / Певец (translated as Singer) set a record for urgent cargo delivery at a walk pace, covering a distance of 2 km with a load of 4.5 tons in 12 minutes and 24 seconds. |
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== References == |
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{{commons cat}} |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Accessed June 2017.</ref> |
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<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref> |
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<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50008763 Vladimirskaya Tyazhelovoznaya/Russian Federation]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2017.</ref> |
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<ref name=dmit>N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989). [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091113044601/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ah759e/ah759e.pdf ''Animal genetic resources of the USSR'']. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9251025827}}. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available [https://web.archive.org/web/20170929123942/http://www.fao.org:80/docrep/009/ah759e/AH759E13.htm here], archived 29 September 2017.</ref> |
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<ref name=edwards>Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994). ''The Encyclopedia of the Horse''. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley. {{ISBN|0751301159}}.</ref> |
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}} |
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{{Horse breeds of the Russian Federation}} |
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[[Category:Horse breeds]] |
[[Category:Horse breeds]] |
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[[Category:Horse breeds originating in Russia]] |
[[Category:Horse breeds originating in Russia]] |
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[[Category:Draft horses]] |
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{{Equine|state=collapsed}} |
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[[cs:Vladimirský kůň]] |
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[[de:Wladimirer Kaltblut]] |
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[[fr:Vladimir (cheval)]] |
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[[ka:ვლადიმირული ცხენი]] |
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[[pl:Koń włodzimierski]] |
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[[sv:Vladimirhäst]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:35, 21 October 2024
 Vladimir Heavy Draft on a Russian stamp | |
| Conservation status | FAO (2007): not at risk[1]: 99 |
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| Other names | |
| Country of origin | Russian Federation |
| Use | draught, meat[3]: 511 |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
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| Height | |
The Vladimir Heavy Draft is a Russian breed of heavy draught horse. It was bred in the early twentieth century in farms and collectives in Ivanovo Oblast and Vladimir Oblast, to the east of Moscow. The most important influence on the development of the breed was from three Clydesdale stallions foaled between 1910 and 1923. The Vladimir was officially recognised in 1946.
History
[edit]The Russian Empire had no indigenous breeds of heavy draught horse. The Vladimir was created at about the same time as the development of the Russian Heavy Draught in Ukraine.[5]: 277
The foundations of the Vladimir breed were laid between 1886 and 1924.[2] Initial breeding began at the stud farm of Gavrilov Posad, in Ivanovo Oblast, where local horses were cross-bred with imported Clydesdale stock, with some limited influence from Cleveland Bay, Percheron and Suffolk Punch.[3]: 511 [5]: 276 Some use was made of Shire mares between 1919 and 1929.[5]: 276 [4]: 327 The three foundation stallions of the breed were all Clydesdales. Two of these – Border Brand and Lord James – were foaled in 1910, while Glen Albin was born in 1923.[5]: 276
The amount of cross-breeding was progressively reduced during the 1920s, and over the next twenty years the character and type of the breed were fixed. Official recognition came in 1946.[5]: 276
Characteristics
[edit]The Vladimir is a draught horse of medium power, with energetic and active gaits.[4]: 327 It is more solidly built than the Clydesdale, and unusually deep in the girth – thoracic circumference may reach 2.07 m. It is usually clean-legged, though feathering can occur. Bay is the most usual colour,[5]: 276 with white markings to the face and legs.[4]: 327
Use
[edit]The Vladimir was bred for agricultural draught work. It may be reared for meat.[3]: 511 It is fast-growing: at six months, foals may reach a weight of 200 kg.[4]: 327 Because of its lively trot movement, it is found suitable for pulling the three-horse troika of the region.[5]: 276
Notable records
[edit]The speed record set by the Vladimir heavy draught for the urgent delivery of cargo at a trot pace is an absolute speed record for heavy draught of all breeds.[6]
- In 1968, the 10-year-old heavy draught Grozny / Грозный (translated as Fearsome) set a record for the urgent delivery of cargo at a trot pace, covering a distance of 2 km with a load of 1.5 tons in 4 minutes and 21 seconds.
- In 1988, the five-year-old Pevets / Певец (translated as Singer) set a record for urgent cargo delivery at a walk pace, covering a distance of 2 km with a load of 4.5 tons in 12 minutes and 24 seconds.
References
[edit]
- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed June 2017.
- ^ a b Vladimirskaya Tyazhelovoznaya/Russian Federation. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2017.
- ^ a b c Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ a b c d e f g N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989). Animal genetic resources of the USSR. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9251025827. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available here, archived 29 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0751301159.
- ^ "История породы Владимирский тяжеловоз".
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