Krosno Odrzańskie: Difference between revisions

Krosno Odrzańskie
Krosno Odrzańskie
	Parish church
	Flag Coat of arms
	Krosno Odrzańskie
	Coordinates: 52°2′N 15°6′E / 52.033°N 15.100°E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lubusz
County	Krosno Odrzańskie
Gmina	Krosno Odrzańskie
Town rights	before 1238
Government
• Mayor	Marek Cebula
Area
• Total	8.11 km2 (3.13 sq mi)
Highest elevation	85 m (279 ft)
Lowest elevation	38 m (125 ft)
Population (2019-06-30)
• Total	11,319
• Density	1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	66-600 to 66-603
Area code	+48 68
Car plates	FKR
Website	www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl

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Krosno Odrzańskie [ˈkrɔsnɔ ɔˈdʐaɲskʲɛ] (German: Crossen an der Oder) is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland, on the east bank of Oder River, at the confluence with the Bóbr. With 11,319 inhabitants (2019) it is the capital of Krosno County.

History

The town was first mentioned as Crosno in 1005,^[2] when Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland had a fortress built here in the course of his armed conflict with Emperor Henry II and the West Slavic Veleti confederation. Due to its strategic location as a point of passage across the Oder,^[2] it played an important role at the western border of the Polish kingdom with the Holy Roman Empire during the 11th to 13th centuries. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, in 1163 Krosno was part of the Duchy of Silesia ruled by Bolesław I the Tall of the Silesian Piasts. In 1201 it received its town charter by Bolesław's son Duke Henry I the Bearded. Henry erected a stone castle at Krosno, where he died in 1238 and where his widow, Hedwig of Andechs, took refuge during the 1241 first Mongol invasion of Poland. When the Duchy of Wrocław was finally divided in 1251, the town became part of the newly created Duchy of Głogów under Konrad I.

The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg. When the last Piast duke Henry XI of Głogów died without issue in 1476, his widow Barbara of Brandenburg, daughter of Elector Albert Achilles of Brandenburg, inherited the territory of Krosno. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's cousin Duke Jan II the Mad of Żagań, who devastated Krosno but in 1482 had to sign an agreement with Albert Achilles, who was able to retain the Krosno (Crossen) area. As a former part of the Duchy of Głogów it officially remained a lien of the Bohemian kingdom until in 1538 King Ferdinand I of Habsburg, renounced all rights to Crossen in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the Neumark region of the Brandenburg margraviate.

With Brandenburg, Crossen became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. In reforms after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Province of Brandenburg in 1815 and was the seat of Landkreis Crossen as part of Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt. As a result of the Unification of Germany, it became part of the German Empire in 1871. In May 1886 the town was devastated by a whirlwind.^[2]

In 1945 during World War II, the town was conquered by the Soviet Red Army. After Germany's defeat in the war, the town once again became part of Poland. Already in March 1945 the town was claimed by the Polish state, with the assignment of the town being switched back and forth between Western Pomerania and Lower Silesia several times. On May 2, a group of Polish communists from Poznań arrived to assume administration of the town. The situation complicated when another group with 66 members arrived, who likewise intended to rule the town. By June 1945, conflicts between these groups had been resolved.^[3] The adjective Odrzańskie after the Oder river, upon which the town is situated, was added for distinction from other settlements of the same name in Poland, most notably the town of Krosno.

From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Zielona Góra Voivodeship.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1843	7,133	—
1871	7,431	+4.2%
1880	6,746	−9.2%
1890	6,657	−1.3%
1900	7,369	+10.7%

Year	Pop.	±%
1910	7,595	+3.1%
1925	7,364	−3.0%
1950	3,421	−53.5%
1960	6,611	+93.2%
2010	11,881	+79.7%

Source: ^[4]^[5]

Notable people

Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (1699–1753) German painter and architect
Alexander von Knobelsdorff (1723–1799), Prussian field marshal
Christiane Becker-Neumann (1778–1797), German actress
Eduard Seler (1849–1922), German anthropologist, archaeologist, philogian, and Mesoamerica scholar
Rudolf Pannwitz (1881–1969), German author
Alfred Henschke ps. Klabund (1890–1928), German author
Siegfried Müller aka Kongo-Müller (1920–1983), German mercenary
Aneta Konieczna (born 1978), canoe racer, Olympic medallist
Tomasz Kuszczak (born 1982), footballer

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie.

References

^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crossen" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 509–510.
^ Halicka, Beata (2016). Polens Wilder Westen: erzwungene Migration und die kulturelle Aneignung des Oderraums, 1945-1948. Ferdinand Schöningh. p. 180. ISBN 9783506786531. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 23.
^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.

External links

Official town website
Jewish Community in Krosno Odrzańskie on Virtual Shtetl

[1] "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020.

[EB1911-2] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crossen" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 509–510.

[3] Halicka, Beata (2016). Polens Wilder Westen: erzwungene Migration und die kulturelle Aneignung des Oderraums, 1945-1948. Ferdinand Schöningh. p. 180. ISBN 9783506786531. Retrieved 15 August 2023.

[4] Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 23.

[5] Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-:''Not to be confused with [[Krosno]] in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]''
+{{distinguish|text=[[Krosno]] in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 | name = Krosno Odrzańskie
-| image_skyline = Poland Krosno Odrzanskie - church.jpg
+| image_skyline = Krosno Odrzańskie - Fara Maryjna 1.jpg
 | imagesize = 250px
-| image_caption = Parish Church (''Fara'')
+| image_caption = Parish church
 | image_shield = POL Krosno Odrzańskie COA.svg
+| image_flag = POL Krosno Odrzańskie flag.svg
 | pushpin_map = Poland
-| pushpin_label_position = bottom
+| pushpin_label_position = right
+| pushpin_label = Krosno Odrzańskie
-| subdivision_type = Country
+| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
 | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
 | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
-| subdivision_name1 = [[Lubusz Voivodeship|Lubusz]]
+| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lubusz Voivodeship|name=Lubusz}}
-| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
+| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
-| subdivision_name2 = [[Krosno Odrzańskie County]]
+| subdivision_name2 = [[Krosno Odrzańskie County|Krosno Odrzańskie]]
 | subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
-| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie]]
+| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie|Krosno Odrzańskie]]
 | leader_title = Mayor
 | leader_name = Marek Cebula
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 | elevation_max_m = 85
 | area_total_km2 = 8.11
+| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>
-| population_as_of = 2006
-| population_total = 12100
+| population_total = 11319
 | population_density_km2 = auto
 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
@@ Line 31: / Line 33: @@
 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
 | utc_offset_DST = +2
-| coordinates = {{coord|52|2|N|15|6|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
+| coordinates = {{coord|52|2|N|15|6|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
 | postal_code_type = Postal code
 | postal_code = 66-600 to 66-603
@@ Line 37: / Line 39: @@
 | blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
 | blank_info = FKR
-| website = http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl }}
+| website = {{URL|https://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/}}
+}}
-'''Krosno Odrzańskie''' {{IPAc-pl|'|k|r|o|s|n|o|-|o|'|d|ż|a|ń|s|k|J|e}} ({{lang-de|Crossen an der Oder}}) is a city on the east bank of [[Oder]] River, at the confluence with the [[Bóbr]]. The town in Western [[Poland]] with 12,500 inhabitants (2002) is the capital of [[Krosno Odrzańskie County|Krosno County]]. It is assigned to the [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] (since 1999), previously part of [[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]] (1975–1998).
+'''Krosno Odrzańskie''' {{IPAc-pl|'|k|r|o|s|n|o|-|o|'|d|ż|a|ń|s|k|J|e}} ({{langx|de|Crossen an der Oder}}) is a town in [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] in western [[Poland]], on the east bank of [[Oder]] River, at the confluence with the [[Bóbr]]. With 11,319 inhabitants (2019) it is the capital of [[Krosno County, Lubusz Voivodeship|Krosno County]].
-== History ==
+==History==
+[[File:Krosno Odrzańskie. Zamek 10.jpg|thumb|left|Piast Castle]]
-The town was first mentioned as ''Crosno'' in 1005,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Crossen |volume=7 |pages=509–510}}</ref> when Duke [[Bolesław I Chrobry]] of Poland had a fortress built here in the course of his armed conflict with Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] and the West Slavic [[Veleti]] confederation. Due to its strategic location as a point of passage across the Oder,<ref name=EB1911/> it played an important role at the western border of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish kingdom]] with the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the 11th to 13th centuries. In 1163 Krosno was part of the [[Duchy of Silesia]] ruled by [[Bolesław I the Tall]] of the [[Silesian Piasts]] at [[Wrocław]]. In 1201 it received its [[town charter]] by Bolesław's son Duke [[Henry I the Bearded]]. Henry erected a stone castle at Krosno, where he died in 1238 and where his widow, [[Hedwig of Andechs]], took refuge during the 1241 [[Mongol invasion of Europe]]. When the Duchy of Wrocław was finally divided in 1251, the town became part of the newly created [[Duchy of Głogów]] under [[Konrad I, Duke of Silesia-Glogau|Konrad I]].
+The town was first mentioned as ''Crosno'' in 1005,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Crossen |volume=7 |pages=509–510}}</ref> when Duke [[Bolesław I Chrobry]] of Poland had a fortress built here in the course of his armed conflict with Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] and the West Slavic [[Veleti]] confederation. Due to its strategic location as a point of passage across the Oder,<ref name=EB1911/> it played an important role at the western border of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish kingdom]] with the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the 11th to 13th centuries. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, in 1163 Krosno was part of the [[Duchy of Silesia]] ruled by [[Bolesław I the Tall]] of the [[Silesian Piasts]]. In 1201 it received its [[town charter]] by Bolesław's son Duke [[Henry I the Bearded]]. Henry erected a stone castle at Krosno, where he died in 1238 and where his widow, [[Hedwig of Andechs]], took refuge during the 1241 [[first Mongol invasion of Poland]]. When the Duchy of Wrocław was finally divided in 1251, the town became part of the newly created [[Duchy of Głogów]] under [[Konrad I, Duke of Głogów|Konrad I]].
+The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] margraves of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]. When the last Piast duke [[Henry XI of Głogów]] died without issue in 1476, his widow [[Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515)|Barbara of Brandenburg]], daughter of Elector [[Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg|Albert Achilles of Brandenburg]], inherited the territory of Krosno. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's cousin Duke [[Jan II the Mad]] of [[Żagań]], who devastated Krosno but in 1482 had to sign an agreement with Albert Achilles, who was able to retain the Krosno (''Crossen'') area. As a former part of the Duchy of Głogów it officially remained a [[lien]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian kingdom]] until in 1538 King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I of Habsburg]], renounced all rights to ''Crossen'' in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the [[Neumark]] region of the Brandenburg margraviate.
-[[File:Crossenoder1900.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Crossen a. d. Oder in 1900]]
-The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] margraves of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]. When the last Piast duke [[Henry XI of Głogów]] died without issue in 1476, his widow [[Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515)|Barbara of Brandenburg]], daughter of Elector [[Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg|Albert Achilles of Brandenburg]], inherited the territory of Crossen. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's cousin Duke [[Jan II the Mad]] of [[Żagań]], who devastated Krosno but in 1482 had to sign an agreement with Albert Achilles, who was able to retain the Krosno area. As a former part of the Duchy of Głogów it officially remained a [[lien]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian kingdom]] until in 1538 King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I of Habsburg]], renounced all rights to ''Crossen'' in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the [[Neumark]] region of the Brandenburg margraviate.
+[[File:Crossen a. d. Oder, Ostbrandenburg - Stadtgraben (Zeno Ansichtskarten).jpg|thumb|left|Postcard from 1918]]
-With Brandenburg Crossen became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1701. In reforms after the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the town became part of the [[Province of Brandenburg]] in 1815. In May 1886 the town was devastated by a whirlwind.<ref name=EB1911/>
+With Brandenburg, Crossen became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1701. In reforms after the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the town became part of the [[Province of Brandenburg]] in 1815 and was the seat of Landkreis Crossen as part of [[Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt]]. As a result of the [[Unification of Germany]], it became part of the [[German Empire]] in 1871. In May 1886 the town was devastated by a whirlwind.<ref name=EB1911/>
+In 1945 during [[World War II]], the town was conquered by the Soviet [[Red Army]]. After Germany's defeat in the war, the town once again became part of Poland. Already in March 1945 the town was claimed by the Polish state, with the assignment of the town being switched back and forth between Western Pomerania and Lower Silesia several times. On May 2, a group of Polish communists from [[Poznań]] arrived to assume administration of the town. The situation complicated when another group with 66 members arrived, who likewise intended to rule the town. By June 1945, conflicts between these groups had been resolved.<ref>{{cite book|title=Polens Wilder Westen: erzwungene Migration und die kulturelle Aneignung des Oderraums, 1945-1948|first=Beata|last=Halicka|publisher=Ferdinand Schöningh|year= 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7chLvgAACAAJ|isbn=9783506786531|access-date=2023-08-15|page=180}}</ref> The adjective ''Odrzańskie'' after the [[Oder]] river, upon which the town is situated, was added for distinction from other settlements of the same name in Poland, most notably the town of [[Krosno]].
-In 1945 during World War II, the town was conquered by the Soviet [[Red Army]]. According to the post-war [[Potsdam Conference]], the town east of the [[Oder-Neisse line]] was placed under Polish administration. The German-speaking inhabitants were [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled westward]] and replaced with [[Poles]]. Due to war and expulsion, the population was reduced from 10,800 in 1939 to 2,000 in 1946.
+From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the [[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]].
-==Notable people ==
+==Demographics==
+{{Historical populations|align=left|cols=2|1843|7133|1871|7431|1880|6746|1890|6657|1900|7369|1910|7595|1925|7364|1950|3421|1960|6611|2010|11881
+|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}
+{{clear|left}}
+==Notable people==
 *[[Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff]] (1699–1753) German painter and architect
+*[[Alexander von Knobelsdorff]] (1723–1799), Prussian field marshal
-* Johann Friedrich Schönemann (1704–1782), German theater director
 *[[Christiane Becker-Neumann]] (1778–1797), German actress
 *[[Eduard Seler]] (1849–1922), German anthropologist, archaeologist, philogian, and Mesoamerica scholar
 *[[Rudolf Pannwitz]] (1881–1969), German author
+*[[Alfred Henschke]] ps. Klabund (1890–1928), German author
-*Hans Egidi (1890–1976), former president of the Federal Administrative Court of Germany
+*[[Siegfried Müller (mercenary)|Siegfried Müller]] aka ''Kongo-Müller'' (1920–1983), German mercenary
-*[[Alfred Henschke]] ps.Klabund (1890–1928), German author
+*[[Aneta Konieczna]] (born 1978), canoe racer, Olympic medallist
-*[[Siegfried Müller (mercenary)|Siegfried Müller]] aka. ''Kongo-Müller'' (1920–1983), German mercenary
-*[[Tomasz Kuszczak]] - [[Poland national football team]] and [[Birmingham City]] goalkeeper
+*[[Tomasz Kuszczak]] (born 1982), footballer
-*[[Aneta Pastuszka]] - Polish canoe racer
+==Twin towns – sister cities==
+See [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie]].
 ==References==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{reflist}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/ Official town website]
+*[http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/ Official town website]
-* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/krosno-odrzanskie/ Jewish Community in Krosno Odrzańskie] on Virtual Shtetl
+*[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/krosno-odrzanskie/ Jewish Community in Krosno Odrzańskie] on Virtual Shtetl
-{{coord|52|03|N|15|05|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
 {{Krosno Odrzańskie County}}
 {{Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie}}
-{{use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Krosno Odrzanskie}}
 [[Category:Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship]]
 [[Category:Krosno Odrzańskie County]]
-[[Category:Province of Brandenburg]]
+[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]

v t e Krosno Odrzańskie County
Seat: Krosno Odrzańskie
Urban gmina	Gubin
Urban-rural gmina	Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie
Rural gminas	Gmina Bobrowice Gmina Bytnica Gmina Dąbie Gmina Gubin Gmina Maszewo

v t e Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie
Town and seat	Krosno Odrzańskie
Villages	Bielów Brzózka Chojna Chyże Czarnowo Czetowice Gostchorze Kamień Łochowice Marcinowice Morsko Nowy Raduszec Osiecznica Radnica Retno Sarbia Sarnie Łęgi Stary Raduszec Strumienno Szklarka Radnicka Wężyska

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany United States Czech Republic Israel
Geographic	MusicBrainz area