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{{distinguish|Communist League (West Germany)|Communist League of West Germany}}
{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| name = League of West German Communists
| name = League of West German Communists
| native_name = Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten
| native_name = Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten
| lang1 =
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| leader =
| colorcode = red
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| chairman = <!-- or chairperson, but not both -->
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| leader =
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| chairperson = <!-- or chairman, but not both -->
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| chairperson = <!-- or chairman, but not both -->
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| founded = September 1980
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| dissolved = March 1995
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| founded = September 1980
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| merger =
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| dissolved = March 1995
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| split = [[Communist League of West Germany]]
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| merger =
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| split = [[Communist League of West Germany]]
| predecessor =
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| successor = AG BWK
| merged =
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| headquarters = [[Cologne]]
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| successor = AG BWK
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| newspaper = ''Politische Berichte''
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| headquarters = [[Cologne]]
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| paramilitary_wing =
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| newspaper = ''Politische Bericten''
| student_wing = ''Kommunistische Hochschulgruppen''
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| ideology = [[Communism]]<br />[[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]
| membership =
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| religion =
| ideology = [[Marxism-Leninism]]
| national = ''Volksfront gegen Reaktion, Faschismus und Krieg''
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| country = West Germany
| state = <!-- or country -->
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}}
The '''League of West German Communists''' ({{lang-de|Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten}}, abbreviated '''BWK''') was a [[Maoism|Maoist]] [[communist]] political organization in the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], active between 1980 and 1995. BWK was one of the last "K-Groups" in West German politics. After [[German reunification]], it merged into the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]].
The '''League of West German Communists''' ({{langx|de|Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten}}, abbreviated '''BWK''') was a [[Maoism|Maoist]] [[communist]] political organization in the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], active between 1980 and 1995 and one of the last surviving "[[K-gruppen|K Group]]s" established in the aftermath of the [[German student movement]]. Following the [[German reunification]], it merged into the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]].


==Foundation==
==Foundation==
BWK was founded in [[Mannheim]] in September 1980, following a split from the [[Communist League of West Germany]] (KBW).<ref name="s"/><ref>Tempel, Karl G., and Hans Willi Weinzen. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qL9DAQAAIAAJ Die Parteien in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die Rolle der Parteien in der DDR: Grundlagen, Funktionen, Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation]''. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1987. p. 211</ref> The split in KBW occurred in the midst of the [[West German federal election, 1980|1980 Bundestag election campaign]].<ref name="po">Olzog, Günter, and Hans-Joachim Liese. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7BEWAQAAIAAJ Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland: Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation, Personen, Finanzierung]''. München ; Landsberg am Lech: Olzog, 1996. p. 220</ref> BWK was led by Jörg Detjen and Martin Fochler.<ref name="s"/><ref>Krautkrämer, Felix. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LN0dAQAAMAAJ Die offene Flanke der SPD der Fall Stephan Braun und die Zusammenarbeit von Sozialdemokraten mit Linksextremisten]''. Berlin: Ed. JF, 2008.</ref> Around 400 KBW militants took part in founding BWK.<ref name="s">''Der Spiegel''. ''[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14315630.html Verschärft ausgebeutet]''</ref> BWK published the bi-weekly ''Politische Berichte''.<ref name="r">Alexander, Robert Jackson. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FjM-4ZG9iuMC&pg=PA86 Maoism in the Developed World]''. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001. p. 86</ref> The organization had its headquarters in [[Cologne]].<ref>Staar, Richard Felix, Milorad M. Drachkovitch, and Lewis H. Gann. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=fbDmAAAAMAAJ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs]''. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, 1991. p. 581</ref> In 1980 BWK founded the publishing house Gesellschaft für Nachrichtenerfassung und Nachrichtenverbreitung mbH (GNN) in Colonge.<ref>Normann, Lars. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zf108bDwrJgC&pg=PA158 Rechts im Spiegel von links: die Zeitschrift "blick nach rechts" als Symptom politischer Kultur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland]''. München [u.a.]: GRIN-Verl, 2008. pp. 103, 158</ref> BWK was a dominant force in the Colonge-based People's Front.<ref name="r"/>
BWK was founded in [[Mannheim]] on September 20, 1980, following a split from the [[Communist League of West Germany]] (KBW).<ref>Tempel, Karl G., and Hans Willi Weinzen. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qL9DAQAAIAAJ Die Parteien in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die Rolle der Parteien in der DDR: Grundlagen, Funktionen, Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation]''. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1987. p. 211</ref><ref name="s">''Der Spiegel''. ''[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14315630.html Verschärft ausgebeutet]''</ref> The split in KBW occurred in the midst of the [[1980 West German federal election|1980 Bundestag election campaign]].<ref name="po">Olzog, Günter, and Hans-Joachim Liese. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7BEWAQAAIAAJ Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland: Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation, Personen, Finanzierung]''. München ; Landsberg am Lech: Olzog, 1996. p. 220</ref> BWK was led by [[Jörg Detjen]] ([[:de:Jörg Detjen|de]]) and [[Martin Fochler]] ([[:de:Martin Fochler|de]]).<ref name="s"/><ref>Krautkrämer, Felix. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LN0dAQAAMAAJ Die offene Flanke der SPD der Fall Stephan Braun und die Zusammenarbeit von Sozialdemokraten mit Linksextremisten]''. Berlin: Ed. JF, 2008.</ref> Around 600 KBW militants took part in founding BWK.<ref>Langguth, Gerd. Protestbewegung – Entwicklung, Niedergang, Renaissance. Die Neue Linke seit 1968, Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1983, p. 100</ref> BWK published the bi-weekly ''Politische Berichte''.<ref name="r">Alexander, Robert Jackson. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FjM-4ZG9iuMC&pg=PA86 Maoism in the Developed World]''. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001. p. 86</ref> The organization had its headquarters in [[Cologne]].<ref>Staar, Richard Felix, Milorad M. Drachkovitch, and Lewis H. Gann. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fbDmAAAAMAAJ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs]''. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, 1991. p. 581 ([[Yearbook on International Communist Affairs]] series)</ref> In 1980 BWK founded the publishing house ''Gesellschaft für Nachrichtenerfassung und Nachrichtenverbreitung mbH'' (GNN) in Cologne.<ref>Normann, Lars. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zf108bDwrJgC&pg=PA158 Rechts im Spiegel von links: die Zeitschrift "blick nach rechts" als Symptom politischer Kultur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland]''. München [u.a.]: GRIN-Verl, 2008. pp. 103, 158</ref>


==In West German politics==
==In West German politics==
By the late 1980s, BWK was one of few remaining "K-Groups" in West Germany.<ref>Geronimo, and Gabriel Kuhn. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=KraPdy7Ag58C&pg=PA61 Fire and Flames A History of the German Autonomist Movement]''. Oakland, Calif: PM Press, 2012. p. 61</ref> As of 1988 BWK reported was active in seven [[bundesländer]]. ''Politische Berichte'' had a circulation of 1,300, and the pamphlet-review ''Nachrichtenhefte'' with a circulation of around 1,000.<ref name="r"/>
By the late 1980s, BWK was one of few remaining "K-Groups" in West Germany.<ref>Geronimo, and Gabriel Kuhn. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KraPdy7Ag58C&pg=PA61 Fire and Flames A History of the German Autonomist Movement]''. Oakland, Calif: PM Press, 2012. p. 61</ref> As of 1988 BWK reported it was active in seven of the ten [[States of Germany|States of West Germany]]. ''Politische Berichte'' had a circulation of 1,300, and the pamphlet-review ''Nachrichtenhefte'' with a circulation of around 1,000.<ref name="r"/> BWK was a dominant force in the Cologne-based [[People's Front against Reaction, Fascism and War]] (''Volksfront gegen Reaktion, Faschismus und Krieg'', [[:de:Volksfront gegen Reaktion, Faschismus und Krieg|de]]).<ref name="r"/>


==Entry into PDS==
==Entry into PDS==
On June 5, 1993 BWK set up a Working Group of the League of West German Communists with the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]]/Left List (''ArbeitsGemeinschaft Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten bei PDS/LL'') in [[Hamburg]]. By the end of the year, BWK was active in all Western bundesländer, setting up Woring Groups in PDS.<ref name="konrad">Lang, Jürgen P., Patrick Moreau, Viola Neu, and Jürgen Hoffmann. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=_h4WAQAAIAAJ Auferstanden aus Ruinen ...?: die PDS nach dem Super-Wahljahr 1994]''. Sankt Augustin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 1995. pp. 17, 56, 75</ref> BWK was dissolved in March 1995. Its members joined PDS.<ref>Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. ''[http://www.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/handwoerterbuch-politisches-system/40374/splitterparteien?p=all Splitterparteien]''</ref> BWK was the first West German left group to dissolve itself and merge into PDS.<ref name="t">Thienel, Wolfram. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GV_Rgs1vgsgC&pg=PA13 Die PDS]''. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 1997. p. 13</ref> The AG BWKs continued to exist within PDS, and later evolved into Forum of Communist Working Groups (''Forum kommunistischer Arbeitsgemeinschafte''). The Forum of Communist Working Groups was dissolved in January 2008 as it was replaced by a new association, the Association for Political Education, Left Criticism and Communication (''Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation''). The board of the new association consisted of Brigitte Wolf, Christoph Cornides, Rüdiger Lötzer, Christiane Schneider, Jörg Detjen, Martin Fochler and Alfred Küstler.<ref>Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation. ''[linkekritik.de/uploads/media/2008-01_LinkeKritik_MV_EuM_01.pdf Ergebnisse und Materialen]''. December, 2007.</ref>
On June 5, 1993 BWK set up a Working Group of the League of West German Communists with the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]]/Left List (''Arbeitsgemeinschaft Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten bei der PDS/LL'') in [[Hamburg]]. By the end of the year, BWK was active in all West German states, setting up Working Groups in the PDS.<ref name="konrad">Lang, Jürgen P., Patrick Moreau, Viola Neu, and Jürgen Hoffmann. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_h4WAQAAIAAJ Auferstanden aus Ruinen ...?: die PDS nach dem Super-Wahljahr 1994]''. Sankt Augustin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 1995. pp. 17, 56, 75</ref> BWK was dissolved in March 1995. Its members joined PDS.<ref>Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. ''[http://www.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/handwoerterbuch-politisches-system/40374/splitterparteien?p=all Splitterparteien]''</ref> BWK was the first West German left group to dissolve itself and merge into PDS.<ref name="t">Thienel, Wolfram. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GV_Rgs1vgsgC&pg=PA13 Die PDS]''. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 1997. p. 13</ref> The AG BWKs continued to exist within PDS, and later evolved into Forum of Communist Working Groups (''Forum kommunistischer Arbeitsgemeinschaften''). The Forum of Communist Working Groups was dissolved on December 2, 2007 and replaced in January 2008 by a new association, the Association for Political Education, Left Criticism and Communication (''Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation''). The board of the new association consisted of Brigitte Wolf, Christoph Cornides, Rüdiger Lötzer, Christiane Schneider, Jörg Detjen, Martin Fochler and Alfred Küstler.<ref>Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation. ''[http://linkekritik.de/uploads/media/2008-01_LinkeKritik_MV_EuM_01.pdf Ergebnisse und Materialen]''. December, 2007.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Portal|Communism|Germany}}
{{Portal|Communism|Germany}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Communist parties in Germany]]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1980 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:1995 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in Germany]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1995]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1995]]
[[Category:Maoist organisations in Germany]]

Latest revision as of 14:50, 21 October 2024

Not to be confused with Communist League (West Germany) or Communist League of West Germany.
League of West German Communists
Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten
FoundedSeptember 1980
DissolvedMarch 1995
Split fromCommunist League of West Germany
Succeeded byAG BWK
HeadquartersCologne
NewspaperPolitische Berichte
Student wingKommunistische Hochschulgruppen
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
National affiliationVolksfront gegen Reaktion, Faschismus und Krieg

The League of West German Communists (German: Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten, abbreviated BWK) was a Maoist communist political organization in the Federal Republic of Germany, active between 1980 and 1995 and one of the last surviving "K Groups" established in the aftermath of the German student movement. Following the German reunification, it merged into the Party of Democratic Socialism.

Foundation

[edit]

BWK was founded in Mannheim on September 20, 1980, following a split from the Communist League of West Germany (KBW).[1][2] The split in KBW occurred in the midst of the 1980 Bundestag election campaign.[3] BWK was led by Jörg Detjen (de) and Martin Fochler (de).[2][4] Around 600 KBW militants took part in founding BWK.[5] BWK published the bi-weekly Politische Berichte.[6] The organization had its headquarters in Cologne.[7] In 1980 BWK founded the publishing house Gesellschaft für Nachrichtenerfassung und Nachrichtenverbreitung mbH (GNN) in Cologne.[8]

In West German politics

[edit]

By the late 1980s, BWK was one of few remaining "K-Groups" in West Germany.[9] As of 1988 BWK reported it was active in seven of the ten States of West Germany. Politische Berichte had a circulation of 1,300, and the pamphlet-review Nachrichtenhefte with a circulation of around 1,000.[6] BWK was a dominant force in the Cologne-based People's Front against Reaction, Fascism and War (Volksfront gegen Reaktion, Faschismus und Krieg, de).[6]

Entry into PDS

[edit]

On June 5, 1993 BWK set up a Working Group of the League of West German Communists with the Party of Democratic Socialism/Left List (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Bund Westdeutscher Kommunisten bei der PDS/LL) in Hamburg. By the end of the year, BWK was active in all West German states, setting up Working Groups in the PDS.[10] BWK was dissolved in March 1995. Its members joined PDS.[11] BWK was the first West German left group to dissolve itself and merge into PDS.[12] The AG BWKs continued to exist within PDS, and later evolved into Forum of Communist Working Groups (Forum kommunistischer Arbeitsgemeinschaften). The Forum of Communist Working Groups was dissolved on December 2, 2007 and replaced in January 2008 by a new association, the Association for Political Education, Left Criticism and Communication (Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation). The board of the new association consisted of Brigitte Wolf, Christoph Cornides, Rüdiger Lötzer, Christiane Schneider, Jörg Detjen, Martin Fochler and Alfred Küstler.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tempel, Karl G., and Hans Willi Weinzen. Die Parteien in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die Rolle der Parteien in der DDR: Grundlagen, Funktionen, Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1987. p. 211
  2. ^ a b Der Spiegel. Verschärft ausgebeutet
  3. ^ Olzog, Günter, and Hans-Joachim Liese. Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland: Geschichte, Programmatik, Organisation, Personen, Finanzierung. München ; Landsberg am Lech: Olzog, 1996. p. 220
  4. ^ Krautkrämer, Felix. Die offene Flanke der SPD der Fall Stephan Braun und die Zusammenarbeit von Sozialdemokraten mit Linksextremisten. Berlin: Ed. JF, 2008.
  5. ^ Langguth, Gerd. Protestbewegung – Entwicklung, Niedergang, Renaissance. Die Neue Linke seit 1968, Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1983, p. 100
  6. ^ a b c Alexander, Robert Jackson. Maoism in the Developed World. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001. p. 86
  7. ^ Staar, Richard Felix, Milorad M. Drachkovitch, and Lewis H. Gann. Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, 1991. p. 581 (Yearbook on International Communist Affairs series)
  8. ^ Normann, Lars. Rechts im Spiegel von links: die Zeitschrift "blick nach rechts" als Symptom politischer Kultur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. München [u.a.]: GRIN-Verl, 2008. pp. 103, 158
  9. ^ Geronimo, and Gabriel Kuhn. Fire and Flames A History of the German Autonomist Movement. Oakland, Calif: PM Press, 2012. p. 61
  10. ^ Lang, Jürgen P., Patrick Moreau, Viola Neu, and Jürgen Hoffmann. Auferstanden aus Ruinen ...?: die PDS nach dem Super-Wahljahr 1994. Sankt Augustin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 1995. pp. 17, 56, 75
  11. ^ Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. Splitterparteien
  12. ^ Thienel, Wolfram. Die PDS. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 1997. p. 13
  13. ^ Verein für politische Bildung, linke Kritik und Kommunikation. Ergebnisse und Materialen. December, 2007.
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