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{{Short description|19th century Lithuanian rabbi & author}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Feivel|Fievel}}
{{Infobox Jewish leader
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<!---------- Personal details ---------->
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| birth_date={{birth year|1755}}
| birth_place=[[Palanga|Polangen]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
| death_date={{death year and age|1833|1755}}
| death_place=[[Vilnius|Vilna]], [[Vilna Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
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[[File:Toldos Adam.png|thumb|alt=title page |The title page of Toldos Adam, volume two]]
[[File:Toldos Adam.png|thumb|alt=title page |The title page of Toldos Adam, volume two]]


Rabbi '''Yechezkel Feivel''' (1755–1833) was the [[Maggid]] in [[Vilnius]] in the early 19th century and the author of several books, including ''Toldos Adam'', a hagiography of Rabbi Zalman of Vilna, the famed brother of [[Chaim of Volozhin]] and student of the [[Vilna Gaon]].<ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite web|title=Ezekiel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf - Dictionary definition of Ezekiel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf {{!}} Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ezekiel-feivel-ben-zeev-wolf|website=Encyclopaedia Judaica|accessdate=23 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Feivel was the Maggid of Vilna from 1811 until his death.<ref name="encyclopedia"/>
'''Yechezkel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf''' ({{Langx|yi|יחזקאל פיוויל בן זאב וואלף|translit=Yeḥezkel Feivel ben Ze'ev Volf}}; 1755–1833) was the [[Maggid]] in [[Vilnius]] in the early 19th century and the author of several books, including ''Toldos Adam'', a hagiography of Rabbi Zalman of Vilna, the famed brother of [[Chaim of Volozhin]] and student of the [[Vilna Gaon]].<ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite EJ|title= Ezekiel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf|first=Abraham|last=David|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ezekiel-feivel-ben-zeev-wolf}}</ref>

==Biography==
Ezekiel Feivel was born in [[Palanga|Polangen]] in 1755. Early in life he filled the position of rabbi in his native town, and later at Deretschin. He then traveled as a ''[[maggid]]'' through Germany and Hungary, and, after residing for some time at [[Wrocław|Breslau]], returned to Polangen and devoted himself to literary work. In 1811 he was appointed rabbi to the community of Vilna, which position he filled until his death.<ref>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze'eb Wolf|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5954|first1=Herman|last1=Rosenthal|first2=N. T.|last2=London|volume=5|page=318|no-prescript=1}}</ref>


==Reception and Analysis of ''Toldos Adam''==
==Reception and Analysis of ''Toldos Adam''==
Feivel's ''magnum opus'', the biography ''Toldos Adam'', achieved singular success in the rabbinic world. It is one of the few biographies which is cited in halachic works, including those of such leading scholars as Rabbi [[Akiva Eiger]], Rabbi [[Ephraim Zalman Margolioth]], and Rabbi [[Joseph Saul Nathansohn]].<ref>''Toldos Adam, Mechon Moreshes HaGra'' (Jerusalem 2012), pages 3-4, footnotes 3-4</ref> However, Feivel was criticized by various rabbinic authorities, including Rabbi [[Zvi Hirsch Chajes]] and Rabbi [[Chaim Elazar Spira]], for plagiarization and falsifying sources.<ref>{{cite book |last= Rapoport |first= |title= עטור ספרים|trans-title= Ittur Seforim|url= http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=33319&st=%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D&pgnum=34&hilite=|language=Hebrew |location= |publisher= |isbn=}}</ref><ref>See ''Sefer Halikutim'', in Rambam Shoftim (Shabse Frankel edition), Hilchos M'lachim chapter eight, law eleven</ref><ref>''Minchas Elozor'', Volume 4, #70; ''Nimukei Orach Chaim 4:1</ref>
Feivel's ''magnum opus'', the biography ''Toldos Adam'', achieved singular success in the rabbinic world. It is one of the few biographies which is cited in halachic works, including those of such leading scholars as Rabbi [[Akiva Eiger]], Rabbi [[Ephraim Zalman Margolioth]], and Rabbi [[Joseph Saul Nathansohn]].<ref>''Toldos Adam, Mechon Moreshes HaGra'' (Jerusalem 2012), pages 3-4, footnotes 3-4</ref> However, Feivel was criticized by various rabbinic authorities, including Rabbi [[Zvi Hirsch Chajes]] and Rabbi [[Chaim Elazar Spira]], for plagiarization and falsifying sources.<ref>{{cite book |last= Rapoport |title=Ittur Seforim|url= http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=33319&st=%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D&pgnum=34&hilite=|language=he }}</ref><ref>See ''Sefer Halikutim'', in Rambam Shoftim (Shabse Frankel edition), Hilchos M'lachim chapter eight, law eleven</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Spira |first=Chaim Elazar |title=Minḥat Elazar|url= https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=10158&st=&pgnum=106|language=he |volume=4|page=70}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Spira |first= Chaim Elazar |title=Nimukei oraḥ ḥayyim|url=https://beta.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=34167&st=&pgnum=12&hilite=|language=he|page=10}}</ref>


It has been demonstrated that large parts of ''Toldos Adam'' were lifted verbatim from the works of leading [[Maskilim]] such as [[Moses Mendelssohn]] and [[Naphtali Hirz Wessely]], though not attributed to them.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40914829?item_view=read_online Breuer, Edward. The Haskalah in Vilna: R. Yehezkel Feivel's "Toldot Adam". In: Torah u-Madda Journal, 7 (1997) 15-40.]</ref> This was presumably an attempt to slip those ideas into the broader Jewish community, which had rejected the [[Haskalah]] movement's ideology.
It has been demonstrated that large parts of ''Toldos Adam'' were lifted verbatim from the works of leading [[Maskilim]] such as [[Moses Mendelssohn]] and [[Naphtali Hirz Wessely]], though not attributed to them.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=40914829|last=Breuer|first=Edward|title=The Haskalah in Vilna: R. Yehezkel Feivel's 'Toldot Adam'|journal=Torah U-Madda Journal|volume=7|date=1997|pages=15–40}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
* {{cite book|title=Musar haskel|publisher=Yeḥiel Mikhel Maya|date=1790|location=Dyhernfurth|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001776843/NLI}}
Among Feivel's works are:
* {{cite book|title=Toledot adam|publisher=Yosef Maya|date=1808|location=Dyhernfurth|url=https://archive.org/details/toledotadam00ezek}}
*''[http://hebrewbooks.org/24357 Toldos Adam (two vol.)]''
* ''Bi'ure MaRIF'', glosses on the ''[[Midrash Rabba]]''.
*''[http://hebrewbooks.org/33242 Mussar Haskel]''
*Glosses on [[Midrash Rabba|Medrash Rabbah]], titled ''Biur Maharip''.


==References==
==References==
{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze'eb Wolf|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5954|first1=Herman|last1=Rosenthal|first2=N. T.|last2=London|volume=5|page=318}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yechezkel Feivel of Vilna}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yechezkel Feivel of Vilna}}
[[Category:People from Valozhyn]]
[[Category:People from Valozhyn]]
[[Category:Polish Orthodox rabbis]]
[[Category:19th-century Lithuanian rabbis]]
[[Category:19th-century rabbis]]
[[Category:Rabbis from Vilnius]]
[[Category:1755 births]]
[[Category:1755 births]]
[[Category:1833 deaths]]
[[Category:1833 deaths]]


{{rabbi-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:13, 21 October 2024

Yechezkel Feivel
Personal life
Born1755 (1755)
Polangen, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Died1833 (aged 77–78)
Vilna, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
Religious life
ReligionJudaism
title page
The title page of Toldos Adam, volume two

Yechezkel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf (Yiddish: יחזקאל פיוויל בן זאב וואלף, romanized: Yeḥezkel Feivel ben Ze'ev Volf; 1755–1833) was the Maggid in Vilnius in the early 19th century and the author of several books, including Toldos Adam, a hagiography of Rabbi Zalman of Vilna, the famed brother of Chaim of Volozhin and student of the Vilna Gaon.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Ezekiel Feivel was born in Polangen in 1755. Early in life he filled the position of rabbi in his native town, and later at Deretschin. He then traveled as a maggid through Germany and Hungary, and, after residing for some time at Breslau, returned to Polangen and devoted himself to literary work. In 1811 he was appointed rabbi to the community of Vilna, which position he filled until his death.[2]

Reception and Analysis of Toldos Adam

[edit]

Feivel's magnum opus, the biography Toldos Adam, achieved singular success in the rabbinic world. It is one of the few biographies which is cited in halachic works, including those of such leading scholars as Rabbi Akiva Eiger, Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margolioth, and Rabbi Joseph Saul Nathansohn.[3] However, Feivel was criticized by various rabbinic authorities, including Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Chajes and Rabbi Chaim Elazar Spira, for plagiarization and falsifying sources.[4][5][6][7]

It has been demonstrated that large parts of Toldos Adam were lifted verbatim from the works of leading Maskilim such as Moses Mendelssohn and Naphtali Hirz Wessely, though not attributed to them.[8]

Works

[edit]
  • Musar haskel. Dyhernfurth: Yeḥiel Mikhel Maya. 1790.
  • Toledot adam. Dyhernfurth: Yosef Maya. 1808.
  • Bi'ure MaRIF, glosses on the Midrash Rabba.

References

[edit]

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rosenthal, Herman; London, N. T. (1903). "Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze'eb Wolf". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 318.

  1. ^ David, Abraham (2007). "Ezekiel Feivel ben Ze'ev Wolf". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
  2. ^  Rosenthal, Herman; London, N. T. (1903). "Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze'eb Wolf". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 318.
  3. ^ Toldos Adam, Mechon Moreshes HaGra (Jerusalem 2012), pages 3-4, footnotes 3-4
  4. ^ Rapoport. Ittur Seforim (in Hebrew).
  5. ^ See Sefer Halikutim, in Rambam Shoftim (Shabse Frankel edition), Hilchos M'lachim chapter eight, law eleven
  6. ^ Spira, Chaim Elazar. Minḥat Elazar (in Hebrew). Vol. 4. p. 70.
  7. ^ Spira, Chaim Elazar. Nimukei oraḥ ḥayyim (in Hebrew). p. 10.
  8. ^ Breuer, Edward (1997). "The Haskalah in Vilna: R. Yehezkel Feivel's 'Toldot Adam'". Torah U-Madda Journal. 7: 15–40. JSTOR 40914829.
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