Phipps Hornby: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|British Royal Navy officer}} |
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|name= Sir Phipps Hornby |
| name = Sir Phipps Hornby |
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|lived= 27 April 1785 – 19 March 1867 |
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| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}} |
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| death_date = {{death-date and age|19 March 1867|27 April 1785}} |
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|allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] |
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| allegiance = United Kingdom |
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| branch = [[Royal Navy]] |
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|commands= |
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|unit= |
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| rank = [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] |
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|battles= [[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br/>• [[Nore Mutiny]]<br/>[[Napoleonic Wars]]<br/>• [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]] |
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| unit = |
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| commands = [[Pacific Station]]<br />{{HMS|Spartan|1806|6}}<br />{{HMS|Stag|1812|6}}<br />{{HMS|Volage|1807|6}}<br />{{HMS|Minorca|1805|6}} |
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| battles = {{tree list}} |
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* [[French Revolutionary Wars]] |
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** [[Nore Mutiny]] |
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* [[Napoleonic Wars]] |
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** [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]] |
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{{tree list/end}} |
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| ⚫ | [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] '''Sir Phipps Hornby''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}} (27 April 1785 – 19 March 1867) was a prominent [[Royal Navy]] officer of the nineteenth century. Hornby served on [[frigates]] throughout most of his wartime experience, which included witnessing the [[Nore Mutiny]] first hand aged 12 in 1797. Later, commanding his own [[sixth-rate]] {{HMS|Volage|1807|6}} in 1811, Hornby played a vital role in the British victory at the [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]. At Lissa a British squadron under [[William Hoste]] overwhelmed a French force more than twice their own strength, ''Volage'' combating a much larger ship alone for several minutes and taking numerous casualties, including Hornby, who was wounded. |
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| ⚫ | Later in life, Hornby accepted a succession of home and seagoing positions to ensure the promotion prospects for his son in the Navy as well as to support his close allies in Parliament under the [[Earl of Derby]], to whom he was related. These positions included a period in command of the Pacific Fleet and later a role as one of the [[Lords of the Admiralty]]. During his career, Hornby accrued numerous awards and accolades, being made a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] and a full admiral before his death in 1867. |
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| ⚫ | [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] '''Sir Phipps Hornby''', |
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==Origins== |
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| ⚫ | Later in life, Hornby accepted a succession of home and |
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Hornby was born in 1785, the 5th son of Rev. Geoffrey Hornby (1750–1812), of Scale Hall, near [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101298365-scale-hall-lancaster|title = Scale Hall, Lancaster, Lancashire}}</ref> in Lancashire, Rector of [[Winwick, Cheshire|Winwick]], [[High Sheriff of Lancashire]] in 1774 and a [[Deputy Lieutenant]] of Lancashire, Colonel of a regiment of Lancashire militia,<ref>[[John Burke (genealogist)| |
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Burke's]] Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p.1155, pedigree of "Hornby of Dalton Hall"</ref> by his wife Lucy Smith-Stanley (d.1833) a daughter of [[James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange]] (1716–1771), (son and heir apparent of [[Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby]] (1689–1776) of [[Knowsley Hall]] in Lancashire) and a sister of [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby]] (1752–1834). Phipps Hornby's sister Charlotte Margaret Hornby (d.1817) married their first cousin [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby]] (1775–1851), [[Order of the Garter|KG]], and was the mother of [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]] (1799–1869), thrice [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (1852, 1858–9, 1866–8), thus Phipps Hornby's nephew. His eldest brother was [[Edmund Hornby (politician)|Edmund Hornby]] (1773–1857) of Dalton Hall near Burton, Westmorland, a [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]], Lancashire, from 1812 to 1826,<ref>Escott, Margaret, biography of "Hornby, Edmund (1773–1857), of Dalton Hall, Westmld." |
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published in: [[History of Parliament]]: House of Commons 1820–1832, ed. D.R. Fisher, 2009 [https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/hornby-edmund-1773-1857]</ref> who married his first cousin Lady Charlotte Stanley (d.1805), a daughter of [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby]]. The close association between the Earls of Derby and the Hornby family would play a significant role in Phipps Hornby's career and politics. |
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==Career== |
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Hornby received education at [[Sunbury-on-Thames]] and joined the Navy as a [[midshipman]] in 1797 aged 12.<ref name="ODNB">[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13787?docPos=2 Hornby, Sir Phipps], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[John Knox Laughton|J. K. Laughton]], Retrieved 1 April 2008</ref> |
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In 1797, Britain was embroiled in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], and Hornby's ship {{HMS|Latona|1781|6}} became caught up in the [[Nore Mutiny]] just weeks after he joined her. ''Latona's'' captain, [[John Bligh]], took Hornby with him when he moved ships, and Hornby saw service on {{HMS|Romney|1762|6}}, {{HMS|Agincourt|1796|6}} and {{HMS|Theseus|1786|6}}, mainly serving in the Americas.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
In 1797, Britain was embroiled in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], and Hornby's ship {{HMS|Latona|1781|6}} became caught up in the [[Nore Mutiny]] just weeks after he joined her. ''Latona's'' captain, [[John Bligh (Royal Navy officer)|John Bligh]], took Hornby with him when he moved ships, and Hornby saw service on {{HMS|Romney|1762|6}}, {{HMS|Agincourt|1796|6}} and {{HMS|Theseus|1786|6}}, mainly serving in the Americas.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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==Napoleonic Wars== |
==Napoleonic Wars== |
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In 1804 following the [[Peace of Amiens]], Hornby joined [[Horatio Nelson]]'s flagship {{HMS|Victory}} in the Mediterranean briefly before being posted to {{HMS|Excellent|1787|6}} with the admiral's recommendation. ''Excellent'' was detached from Nelson's fleet soon afterwards and in 1805 and 1806 participated in numerous operations on the Italian coast, particularly at [[Gaeta]]. ''Excellent'' was also present at the capture of [[Capri]]. Hornby was granted his first independent command in 1806, the small armed vessel HMS ''Duchess of Bedfordshire'' and in her fought off two large Spanish [[privateer]]s. In 1807 he was promoted to commander and took over the sloop {{HMS|Minorca}} in which he fought numerous engagements with Spanish gunboats off [[Cadiz]].<ref name="ODNB"/> |
In 1804 following the [[Peace of Amiens]], Hornby joined [[Horatio Nelson]]'s flagship {{HMS|Victory}} in the Mediterranean briefly before being posted to {{HMS|Excellent|1787|6}} with the admiral's recommendation. ''Excellent'' was detached from Nelson's fleet soon afterwards and in 1805 and 1806 participated in numerous operations on the Italian coast, particularly at [[Gaeta]]. ''Excellent'' was also present at the capture of [[Capri]]. Hornby was granted his first independent command in 1806, the small armed vessel HMS ''Duchess of Bedfordshire'' and in her fought off two large Spanish [[privateer]]s. In 1807 he was promoted to commander and took over the sloop {{HMS|Minorca|1805|6}} in which he fought numerous engagements with Spanish gunboats off [[Cadiz]].<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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In 1809, ''Minorca'' operated briefly with the squadron in the [[Adriatic Sea]] and the following year Hornby was promoted to [[post captain]], becoming temporary commander of {{HMS|Fame|1805|6}} before moving to the small [[sixth rate]] {{HMS|Volage|1807|6}} to serve in the Adriatic squadron under [[William Hoste]]. Hornby was wounded in March 1811 during the [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]], at which his ship fought a much larger French vessel and despite losing all but one gun, remained in combat throughout. Recovering from his injuries, Hornby took command of {{HMS|Stag|1812|6}} off the [[Cape of Good Hope]] the next year and later moved to {{HMS|Spartan|1806|6}} in the Mediterranean. While commander of ''Spartan'', Hornby participated in the capture of [[Elba]] from the French, for which he was invested with the Austrian order of St Joseph of Würzburg.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
In 1809, ''Minorca'' operated briefly with the squadron in the [[Adriatic Sea]] and the following year Hornby was promoted to [[post captain]], becoming temporary commander of {{HMS|Fame|1805|6}} before moving to the small [[sixth rate]] {{HMS|Volage|1807|6}} to serve in the Adriatic squadron under [[William Hoste]]. Hornby was wounded in March 1811 during the [[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]], at which his ship fought a much larger French vessel and despite losing all but one gun, remained in combat throughout. Recovering from his injuries, Hornby took command of {{HMS|Stag|1812|6}} off the [[Cape of Good Hope]] the next year and later moved to {{HMS|Spartan|1806|6}} in the Mediterranean. While commander of ''Spartan'', Hornby participated in the capture of [[Elba]] from the French, for which he was invested with the Austrian order of St Joseph of Würzburg.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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==Later service== |
==Later service== |
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Hornby was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 4 June 1815<ref>{{London Gazette|issue= 17061|date= 16 September 1815|page=1878}}</ref> and the following year paid off ''Spartan'' and entered semi-retirement. During his retirement, Hornby dabbled in politics, a supporter of the Earls of Derby.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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In 1832, Hornby returned to service to promote his son's career through preferment, initially becoming superintendent of [[Plymouth]] Naval Hospital and in 1838 moving to become superintendent of the [[Woolwich Dockyard]]. In 1841 he became comptroller-general of the Coast Guard until 1846 when he was promoted to [[rear |
In 1832, Hornby returned to service to promote his son's career through preferment, initially becoming superintendent of [[Plymouth]] Naval Hospital and in 1838 moving to become superintendent of the [[Woolwich Dockyard]]. In 1841 he became comptroller-general of the Coast Guard until 1846 when he was promoted to [[rear admiral]]. In order to further his son's career, Hornby then accepted the position of commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet, raising his flag in {{HMS|Asia|1824|6}} in 1847. In 1852 Hornby returned to Europe to serve as a [[Second Sea Lord|Second Naval Lord]] under the [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]] and remained in post until his final retirement in 1853, shortly after the fall of [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby|Lord Derby's]] government.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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In retirement Hornby continued to receive honours, eventually being promoted full admiral in 1858 and becoming a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1861. He died a widower at his estate in the village of Little Green near [[Petersfield, Hampshire|Petersfield]] in [[Hampshire]] in March 1867.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
In retirement Hornby continued to receive honours, eventually being promoted full admiral in 1858 and becoming a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] in 1861. He died a widower at his estate in the village of Little Green near [[Petersfield, Hampshire|Petersfield]] in [[Hampshire]] in March 1867.<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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==Personal life== |
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In 1814, Hornby married Sophia Maria Burgoyne, daughter of General [[John Burgoyne]]. The couple had five daughters and three sons, including: |
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*[[Phipps Hornby (cricketer)|Phipps Hornby]] (24 April 1820 – 8 April 1848), [[British Army]] officer and cricketer<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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*[[Geoffrey Hornby|Sir Geoffrey Hornby]] (10 February 1825 – 3 March 1895), Royal Navy officer<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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*[[James John Hornby|James Hornby]] (18 December 1826 – 2 November 1909), academic and headmaster of [[Eton College]]<ref name="ODNB"/> |
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==See also== |
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* {{cite wikisource |first=William Richard |last=O'Byrne |chapter=Hornby, Phipps |title=A Naval Biographical Dictionary |year=1849 |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]}} |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Succession box| title=[[Pacific Station|Commander-in-Chief Pacific Station]] | before=[[George Seymour (Royal Navy officer)|Sir George Seymour]] | after=[[Fairfax Moresby|Sir Fairfax Moresby]] | years= |
{{Succession box| title=[[Pacific Station|Commander-in-Chief Pacific Station]] | before=[[George Seymour (Royal Navy officer)|Sir George Seymour]] | after=[[Fairfax Moresby|Sir Fairfax Moresby]] | years=1847–1850 }} |
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{{Succession box|title=[[Second Sea Lord|Second Naval Lord]]|before=[[Houston Stewart|Sir Houston Stewart]]|after=[[Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge|Sir Maurice Berkeley]]|years= |
{{Succession box|title=[[Second Sea Lord|Second Naval Lord]]|before=[[Houston Stewart|Sir Houston Stewart]]|after=[[Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge|Sir Maurice Berkeley]]|years=1852—1853}} |
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{{Persondata |
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|NAME=Hornby, Phipps |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Royal Navy officer |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Winwick]], [[Lancashire]] |
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|DATE OF DEATH=19 March 1867 |
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|PLACE OF DEATH=Little Green, [[Petersfield, Hampshire]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hornby, Phipps}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hornby, Phipps}} |
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[[Category:1785 births]] |
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[[Category:Lords of the Admiralty]] |
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[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel from Cheshire]] |
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[[Category:People from Winwick, Cheshire]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:33, 21 October 2024
Sir Phipps Hornby | |
|---|---|
| Born | 27 April 1785 Winwick, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 19 March 1867 (aged 81) Little Green, Petersfield, Hampshire, England |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1797–1867 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commands | Pacific Station HMS Spartan HMS Stag HMS Volage HMS Minorca |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
| Other work | Lord of the Admiralty |
Admiral Sir Phipps Hornby, GCB (27 April 1785 – 19 March 1867) was a prominent Royal Navy officer of the nineteenth century. Hornby served on frigates throughout most of his wartime experience, which included witnessing the Nore Mutiny first hand aged 12 in 1797. Later, commanding his own sixth-rate HMS Volage in 1811, Hornby played a vital role in the British victory at the Battle of Lissa. At Lissa a British squadron under William Hoste overwhelmed a French force more than twice their own strength, Volage combating a much larger ship alone for several minutes and taking numerous casualties, including Hornby, who was wounded.
Later in life, Hornby accepted a succession of home and seagoing positions to ensure the promotion prospects for his son in the Navy as well as to support his close allies in Parliament under the Earl of Derby, to whom he was related. These positions included a period in command of the Pacific Fleet and later a role as one of the Lords of the Admiralty. During his career, Hornby accrued numerous awards and accolades, being made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath and a full admiral before his death in 1867.
Origins
[edit]Hornby was born in 1785, the 5th son of Rev. Geoffrey Hornby (1750–1812), of Scale Hall, near Lancaster[1] in Lancashire, Rector of Winwick, High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1774 and a Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire, Colonel of a regiment of Lancashire militia,[2] by his wife Lucy Smith-Stanley (d.1833) a daughter of James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange (1716–1771), (son and heir apparent of Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby (1689–1776) of Knowsley Hall in Lancashire) and a sister of Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby (1752–1834). Phipps Hornby's sister Charlotte Margaret Hornby (d.1817) married their first cousin Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (1775–1851), KG, and was the mother of Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869), thrice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1852, 1858–9, 1866–8), thus Phipps Hornby's nephew. His eldest brother was Edmund Hornby (1773–1857) of Dalton Hall near Burton, Westmorland, a Member of Parliament for Preston, Lancashire, from 1812 to 1826,[3] who married his first cousin Lady Charlotte Stanley (d.1805), a daughter of Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby. The close association between the Earls of Derby and the Hornby family would play a significant role in Phipps Hornby's career and politics.
Career
[edit]Hornby received education at Sunbury-on-Thames and joined the Navy as a midshipman in 1797 aged 12.[4]
In 1797, Britain was embroiled in the French Revolutionary Wars, and Hornby's ship HMS Latona became caught up in the Nore Mutiny just weeks after he joined her. Latona's captain, John Bligh, took Hornby with him when he moved ships, and Hornby saw service on HMS Romney, HMS Agincourt and HMS Theseus, mainly serving in the Americas.[4]
Napoleonic Wars
[edit]In 1804 following the Peace of Amiens, Hornby joined Horatio Nelson's flagship HMS Victory in the Mediterranean briefly before being posted to HMS Excellent with the admiral's recommendation. Excellent was detached from Nelson's fleet soon afterwards and in 1805 and 1806 participated in numerous operations on the Italian coast, particularly at Gaeta. Excellent was also present at the capture of Capri. Hornby was granted his first independent command in 1806, the small armed vessel HMS Duchess of Bedfordshire and in her fought off two large Spanish privateers. In 1807 he was promoted to commander and took over the sloop HMS Minorca in which he fought numerous engagements with Spanish gunboats off Cadiz.[4]
In 1809, Minorca operated briefly with the squadron in the Adriatic Sea and the following year Hornby was promoted to post captain, becoming temporary commander of HMS Fame before moving to the small sixth rate HMS Volage to serve in the Adriatic squadron under William Hoste. Hornby was wounded in March 1811 during the Battle of Lissa, at which his ship fought a much larger French vessel and despite losing all but one gun, remained in combat throughout. Recovering from his injuries, Hornby took command of HMS Stag off the Cape of Good Hope the next year and later moved to HMS Spartan in the Mediterranean. While commander of Spartan, Hornby participated in the capture of Elba from the French, for which he was invested with the Austrian order of St Joseph of Würzburg.[4]
Later service
[edit]Hornby was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815[5] and the following year paid off Spartan and entered semi-retirement. During his retirement, Hornby dabbled in politics, a supporter of the Earls of Derby.[4]
In 1832, Hornby returned to service to promote his son's career through preferment, initially becoming superintendent of Plymouth Naval Hospital and in 1838 moving to become superintendent of the Woolwich Dockyard. In 1841 he became comptroller-general of the Coast Guard until 1846 when he was promoted to rear admiral. In order to further his son's career, Hornby then accepted the position of commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet, raising his flag in HMS Asia in 1847. In 1852 Hornby returned to Europe to serve as a Second Naval Lord under the Duke of Northumberland and remained in post until his final retirement in 1853, shortly after the fall of Lord Derby's government.[4]
In retirement Hornby continued to receive honours, eventually being promoted full admiral in 1858 and becoming a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1861. He died a widower at his estate in the village of Little Green near Petersfield in Hampshire in March 1867.[4]
Personal life
[edit]In 1814, Hornby married Sophia Maria Burgoyne, daughter of General John Burgoyne. The couple had five daughters and three sons, including:
- Phipps Hornby (24 April 1820 – 8 April 1848), British Army officer and cricketer[4]
- Sir Geoffrey Hornby (10 February 1825 – 3 March 1895), Royal Navy officer[4]
- James Hornby (18 December 1826 – 2 November 1909), academic and headmaster of Eton College[4]
See also
[edit]- O'Byrne, William Richard (1849). . . John Murray – via Wikisource.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Scale Hall, Lancaster, Lancashire".
- ^ Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p.1155, pedigree of "Hornby of Dalton Hall"
- ^ Escott, Margaret, biography of "Hornby, Edmund (1773–1857), of Dalton Hall, Westmld." published in: History of Parliament: House of Commons 1820–1832, ed. D.R. Fisher, 2009 [1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hornby, Sir Phipps, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, J. K. Laughton, Retrieved 1 April 2008
- ^ "No. 17061". The London Gazette. 16 September 1815. p. 1878.