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{{Short description|Latin Empress from 1216 to 1217}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{ infobox nobility
{{Infobox royalty
⚫
| name = Yolanda of Flanders
| image =
| name = Yolanda
| succession = [[Latin Emperor|Latin Empress regent of Constantinople]]
| caption =
| reign = 1217 – August 1219
| noble family = [[House of Flanders|Flanders]]
| moretext =
| reign-type = Regency
| predecessor = [[Peter, Latin Emperor|Peter]]
| successor = [[Robert, Latin Emperor|Robert]]
| succession1 = [[List of Latin empresses|Latin Empress consort]]
| reign1 = 1216 –
1217 (de facto) or 1219 (de jure)
| reign-type1 = Tenure
⚫
| house = [[House of Flanders|Flanders]]
| father = [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainault]]
| father = [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainault]]
| mother = [[Margaret I, Countess of Flanders]]
| mother = [[Margaret I, Countess of Flanders]]
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* [[Baldwin II, Latin Emperor]]
* [[Baldwin II, Latin Emperor]]
* [[Margaret, Marchioness of Namur]]
* [[Margaret, Marchioness of Namur]]
* [[Elizabeth of Courtenay]]
* [[Elizabeth of Courtenay|Elizabeth, Empress of Bulgaria]]
* [[Yolanda of Courtenay]]
* [[Yolanda, Queen of Hungary]]
* [[Maria of Courtenay]]
* [[Maria of Courtenay|Marie, Empress of Nicaea]]
}}
}}
| issue-link = #Issue
| issue-link = #Issue
Line 25: Line 35:
}}
}}


'''Yolanda of Flanders, Marchioness of Namur''' ({{lang-fr|Yolande de Hainault}}; 1175 – August 1219) was Empress of the [[Latin Empire]] in [[Constantinople]] in her own right from 1216 to 1219{{sfn|Van Tricht|2011|p=290}} and from 1217 as a sole ruler, after her spouse [[Peter II of Courtenay]] was captured and imprisoned before he could reach Constantinople. She was ruling [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] from 1212 until 1219.
'''Yolanda''' ({{langx|fr|Yolande de Hainault}}; 1175 – August 1219), often called '''Yolanda of Flanders''', was Empress of the [[Latin Empire]] in [[Constantinople]], first as the wife of [[Peter II of Courtenay|Emperor Peter]] from 1216 to 1217 and thereafter as [[regent]] until her death in 1219. Peter was captured and imprisoned before he could reach Constantinople, so Yolanda assumed the duties of governing the Empire. She was ruling [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] from 1212 until 1217.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Yolanda was the daughter of [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainault]], and Countess [[Margaret I of Flanders]].{{sfn|Rasmussen|1997|p=9}} Two of her brothers, [[Baldwin I of Constantinople|Baldwin I]] and then [[Henry of Flanders|Henry]], were emperors in Constantinople.{{sfn|Rasmussen|1997|p=9}}
Yolanda was the daughter of [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainault]],{{sfn|Rasmussen|1997|p=9}} and Countess [[Margaret I of Flanders]]. Two of her brothers, [[Baldwin I of Constantinople|Baldwin I]] and then [[Henry of Flanders|Henry]], were emperors in Constantinople.{{sfn|Rasmussen|1997|p=9}}


In 1212, Yolanda became [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] after her brother, Marquis Philip I.
In 1212, Yolanda became [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] after her brother, Marquis Philip I.


After the death of her brother emperor Henry in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected to succeed her brother. On their way there, Peter sent Yolanda ahead to Constantinople, while he fought the [[Despotate of Epirus]], during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda governed Constantinople as a sole ruler for two years.
After the death of her brother emperor Henry in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected to succeed her brother.


Because of [[Salic Law]], Yolande could not succeed to the throne, and her husband became emperor instead.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hazlitt |first=William Carew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s903AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA132 |title=History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization |date=1860 |publisher=Smith |language=en|volume=2|pages=132|quote=The provisions of the Salic Law precluding Yolande from the succession in her own person, she was forced to content herself with ascending the throne in the right of her husband, Peter Courtenay, Count of Namur, whom the Barons of Romania consented to invest with the imperial title.}}</ref>
⚫
She allied with the [[Bulgaria]]ns against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with [[Theodore I Lascaris]] of the [[Empire of Nicaea]], who married her daughter. However, she soon died, in 1219.

On their way there, Peter sent Yolanda ahead to Constantinople, while he fought the [[Despotate of Epirus]], during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda governed Constantinople alone for two years.

⚫
She allied with the [[Bulgaria]]ns against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with [[Theodore I Lascaris]] of the [[Empire of Nicaea]], who married her daughter, Marie.

Her husband died after two years in prison, and she died herself in August 1219.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jP4-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA250 |title=Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne |date=1854 |publisher=Michaud |volume=33|pages=250|language=fr|quote=Yolande gouverna son petit empire avec sagesse pendant la prison de son mari et mourut elle-même en août 1219.}}</ref>


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Following Yolanda's death, her second son, [[Robert of Courtenay]], became emperor because her oldest son, Philip, did not want the throne.{{sfn|Nicol|2002|p=12}} As Robert was still in [[France]] at the time, there was technically no emperor until he arrived in 1221.
Following Yolanda's death, her second son, [[Robert of Courtenay]], became emperor because her oldest son, Philip, did not want the throne.{{sfn|Nicol|2002|p=12}} Robert was still in [[France]] at the time.


Yolanda was, in her own right, [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]], which she inherited from her brother, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216.
Yolanda was, in her own right, [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]], which she inherited from her brother, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216.
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* [[Henry II, Marquis of Namur|Henry]] (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur
* [[Henry II, Marquis of Namur|Henry]] (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur
* [[Baldwin II of Constantinople]] (d. 1273)
* [[Baldwin II of Constantinople]] (d. 1273)
* [[Margaret, Marchioness of Namur|Margaret]], Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden
* [[Margaret, Marchioness of Namur|Margaret]], Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry [[Counts of Vianden|count of Vianden]]
* [[Elisabeth of Courtenay|Elizabeth]], who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu
* [[Elisabeth of Courtenay|Elizabeth]], who married Walter (Gaucher) count of [[County of Bar-sur-Seine|Bar]] and then Eudes sire of [[House of Burgundy#Montagu branch|Montagu]]
* [[Yolanda de Courtenay]], who married [[Andrew II of Hungary]]
* [[Yolanda of Courtenay|Yolanda]], who married [[Andrew II of Hungary]]
* Eleanor, who married [[Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre]]
* Eleanor, who married [[Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre]]
* [[Marie de Courtenay]], who married [[Theodore I Lascaris]] of the [[Empire of Nicaea]]
* [[Maria of Courtenay|Marie]], who married [[Theodore I Lascaris]] of the [[Empire of Nicaea]]
* Agnes, who married [[Geoffrey II Villehardouin]], [[Principality of Achaea|Prince of Achaea]]
* Agnes, who married [[Geoffrey II Villehardouin]], [[Principality of Achaea|Prince of Achaea]]

==Ancestry==
{{unsourced section|date=May 2019}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Yolanda of Flanders'''
|2= 2. [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut]]
|3= 3. [[Margaret I, Countess of Flanders]]
|4= 4. [[Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut]]
|5= 5. [[Alice of Namur]]
|6= 6. [[Thierry, Count of Flanders]]
|7= 7. [[Sibylla of Anjou]]
|8= 8. [[Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut]]
|9= 9. Yolanda of Wassenberg
|10= 10. Godfrey I, Count of Namur
|11= 11. Ermesinda of Luxembourg
|12= 12. [[Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine]]
|13= 13. Gertrude of Flanders
|14= 14. [[Fulk, King of Jerusalem]]
|15= 15. [[Ermengarde, Countess of Maine]]
}}


==References==
==References==
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==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{cite book |first=Donald M. |last=Nicol |title=The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |first=Donald M. |last=Nicol |title=The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 }}
*{{cite book |title=Mothers and Daughters in Medieval German Literature |first=Ann Marie |last=Rasmussen |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1997 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |title=Mothers and Daughters in Medieval German Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/mothersdaughters0000rasm |url-access=registration |first=Ann Marie |last=Rasmussen |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8156-0389-4 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium |last=Van Tricht |first=Filip |publisher=BRILL |year=2011 |isbn=9004203230 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium |last=Van Tricht |first=Filip |publisher=BRILL |year=2011 |isbn=978-9004203235 }}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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{{s-reg}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Philip I, Marquis of Namur|Philip I]] }}
{{s-bef| before = [[Philip I, Marquis of Namur|Philip I]] }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] | years=1212&ndash;1217 }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Marquis of Namur|Marchioness of Namur]] | years=1212–1216 }}
{{s-vac|next=[[Philip II, Marquis of Namur|Philip II]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Philip II, Marquis of Namur|Philip II]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Peter II of Courtenay]] }}
{{s-bef| before = [[Peter II of Courtenay]] }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[List of Latin Emperors|Latin Empress of Constantinople]] | years=1217&ndash;1219 }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[List of Latin Emperors|Latin Empress of Constantinople]] | years=1217–1219 }}
{{s-vac|next=[[Robert of Courtenay|Robert]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Robert of Courtenay|Robert]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-roy}}
{{s-roy}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Maria of Bulgaria, Latin Empress|Maria of Bulgaria]] }}
{{s-bef| before = [[Maria of Bulgaria, Latin Empress|Maria of Bulgaria]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Latin empresses|Latin Empress consort<br>of Constantinople]]|years=1216&ndash;1217}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Latin empresses|Latin Empress consort<br>of Constantinople]]|years=1216–1217}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Lady of Neuville]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Lady of Neuville]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Latin Empire Monarchs}}
{{Latin Empire Monarchs}}
{{Royal consorts of the Latin Empire of Constantinople}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yolanda of Flanders}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yolanda of Flanders}}
[[Category:1175 births]]
[[Category:1175 births]]
[[Category:1219 deaths]]
[[Category:1219 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople]]
[[Category:13th-century Latin emperors of Constantinople]]
[[Category:House of Hainaut]]
[[Category:House of Hainaut]]
[[Category:Capetian House of Courtenay]]
[[Category:Capetian House of Courtenay]]
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[[Category:Latin Empresses of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Latin Empresses of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Margraves of Namur]]
[[Category:Margraves of Namur]]
[[Category:Women of the Crusader states]]
[[Category:Women from the Crusader states]]
[[Category:Countesses|Flanders]]
[[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]]
[[Category:12th-century women]]
[[Category:13th-century women regents]]
[[Category:13th-century women rulers]]
[[Category:13th-century regents]]
[[Category:13th-century rulers in Europe]]
[[Category:13th-century countesses regnant]]
[[Category:12th-century women from the county of Flanders]]
[[Category:12th-century people from the county of Flanders]]

Latest revision as of 17:02, 21 October 2024

Yolanda
Latin Empress regent of Constantinople
Regency1217 – August 1219
PredecessorPeter
SuccessorRobert
Latin Empress consort
Tenure1216 – 1217 (de facto) or 1219 (de jure)
Born1175
Died1219 (aged 43–44)
SpousePeter, Latin Emperor
Issue
Detail
HouseFlanders
FatherBaldwin V, Count of Hainault
MotherMargaret I, Countess of Flanders

Yolanda (French: Yolande de Hainault; 1175 – August 1219), often called Yolanda of Flanders, was Empress of the Latin Empire in Constantinople, first as the wife of Emperor Peter from 1216 to 1217 and thereafter as regent until her death in 1219. Peter was captured and imprisoned before he could reach Constantinople, so Yolanda assumed the duties of governing the Empire. She was ruling Marchioness of Namur from 1212 until 1217.

Biography

[edit]

Yolanda was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault,[1] and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople.[1]

In 1212, Yolanda became Marchioness of Namur after her brother, Marquis Philip I.

After the death of her brother emperor Henry in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected to succeed her brother.

Because of Salic Law, Yolande could not succeed to the throne, and her husband became emperor instead.[2]

On their way there, Peter sent Yolanda ahead to Constantinople, while he fought the Despotate of Epirus, during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda governed Constantinople alone for two years.

She allied with the Bulgarians against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea, who married her daughter, Marie.

Her husband died after two years in prison, and she died herself in August 1219.[3]

Legacy

[edit]

Following Yolanda's death, her second son, Robert of Courtenay, became emperor because her oldest son, Philip, did not want the throne.[4] Robert was still in France at the time.

Yolanda was, in her own right, Marchioness of Namur, which she inherited from her brother, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216.

Issue

[edit]

By Peter of Courtenay she had 10 children:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Rasmussen 1997, p. 9.
  2. ^ Hazlitt, William Carew (1860). History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization. Vol. 2. Smith. p. 132. The provisions of the Salic Law precluding Yolande from the succession in her own person, she was forced to content herself with ascending the throne in the right of her husband, Peter Courtenay, Count of Namur, whom the Barons of Romania consented to invest with the imperial title.
  3. ^ Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne (in French). Vol. 33. Michaud. 1854. p. 250. Yolande gouverna son petit empire avec sagesse pendant la prison de son mari et mourut elle-même en août 1219.
  4. ^ a b c Nicol 2002, p. 12.

Sources

[edit]
Yolanda, Latin Empress
House of Hainaut
Cadet branch of the House of Flanders
Born: 1175 Died: 1219
Regnal titles
Preceded by Marchioness of Namur
1212–1216 		Vacant
Title next held by
Philip II
Preceded by Latin Empress of Constantinople
1217–1219 		Vacant
Title next held by
Robert
Royal titles
Preceded by Latin Empress consort
of Constantinople
1216–1217 		Vacant
Title next held by
Lady of Neuville
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