Sikandar Shah: Difference between revisions
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{{For|other people of the same name|Sikandar Shah (disambiguation){{!}}Sikandar Shah}} |
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'''Sikandar Shah''' (1358–1390) was the second Sultan of the [[Ilyas dynasty]] of [[Bengal]]. He succeeded his father [[Ilyas Shah]]. He built the celebrated [[Adina Mosque]] in [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] in 1368.<ref name=m1>Majummdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.201-3</ref> |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
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|name= Sikandar Shah |
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|image= |
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|caption= |
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|succession= 2nd [[Sultan of Bengal]] |
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|reign=1358–1390 |
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|predecessor= [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] |
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|successor= [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]] |
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|issue= [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]<br/>Seventeen other sons |
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|father = [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] |
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|mother = Phulwara Begum |
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|religion = [[Sunni Islam]] |
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|}} |
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'''Abul Mujāhid Sikandar Shāh''' ({{langx|bn|আবুল মুজাহিদ সিকান্দর শাহ}}, {{langx|fa|{{Nastaliq|ابو المجاهد سكندر شاه}}}}), commonly known as '''Sikandar Shah''';<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/heritage/2016/10/08/the-alexander-of-bangladesh/|title=The Alexander of Bangladesh|date=2016-10-08|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> was the second [[Sultan of Bengal]] and the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]. He was the son of [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]]. Sikandar Shah continued to project the imperial ambitions of his father.<ref name="hudsoncress1">{{cite web |url=http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton,%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-06-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621201955/http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton%2C%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |archivedate=2016-06-21 }}</ref> He defeated the [[Sultan of Delhi]] in 1359.<ref name="m1" /> His reign is also noted for its grandiose [[Islamic architecture|architectural]] projects.<ref name=m1>Majummdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.201-3</ref> |
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==Reign== |
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==Second campaign of Firuz Shah Tughluq== |
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[[File:Adina Mosque at Malda district of West Bengal 08.jpg|thumb|[[Adina Mosque]], once the largest mosque in South Asia, was established in [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] by Sikandar Shah.]] |
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The most significant event of his reign was the second invasion of [[Bengal]] by [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]]. A [[Persian people|Persian]] noble, Zafar Khan Fars, son-in-law of Sultan Fkhr-ud-Din Mubarak Shah (ex-ruler of [[Sonargaon]]) reached Delhi after fleeing from Bengal. Firuz Shah declared him the legitimate ruler of Bengal and on his instigation, Firuz personally led his army consisting of 80,000 cavalry, 470 elephants and a sizeable infantry to Bengal in 1359. Sikandar, like his father took shelter in the island fortress of Ekdala and Firuz Shah besieged the place. But ultimately, Firuz Shah had to pull out his army from Bengal after concluding a treaty with Sikandar Shah.<ref name=m1/> |
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Sikandar Shah assumed the throne after the death of his father. He continued to consolidate and expand the territory of the [[Bengal Sultanate]], which had emerged as one of the leading powers in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The most significant event of his reign was the second invasion of Bengal by the [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] in 1359.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi1|author=Abdul Karim}}</ref> The [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaqs]] declared Zafar Khan Fars, a [[Persian people|Persian]] noble and son-in-law of [[Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah]], as the legitimate ruler of Bengal. Firuz Shah Tughluq led an army consisting of 80,000 cavalry, a large infantry and 470 elephants to Bengal. Sikandar Shah took refuge in the fortress of Ekdala, in the same way his father did earlier. The Delhi forces besieged the fort. The Bengal army strongly defended their stronghold until the start of the monsoon. Eventually, Sikandar Shah and Firuz Shah reached a peace treaty, in which Delhi recognized Bengal's independence and withdrew its armed forces.<ref name="banglapedia1">{{cite Banglapedia|article=Sikandar Shah}}</ref> |
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The reign of Sikandar Shah lasted for three decades. It was characterized by stability and prosperity. He constructed many grand buildings and mosques, including the [[Adina Mosque]], which became the largest mosque in the [[Indian subcontinent]] for a long time.<ref name="hudsoncress1"/> Other structures built during his reign were the tomb and mosque of [[Akhi Siraj]], the Kotwali Gateway at the southern entrance of [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]], a vault at Ganagarampur, [[Dinajpur]] and a mosque at Mulla Simla, [[Hooghly district|Hughli]]. |
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==War of succession== |
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Sikandar had seventeen sons by his first wife and one by his second. The latter revolted against his father and occupied [[Satgaon]] and [[Sonargaon]]. Finally, in a battle near the capital he defeated his father and killed him in 1390. He ascended to the throne as [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah|Ghiyas-ud-Din Azam Shah]]<ref name=m1/> |
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Known as sober and gentle, Sikandar Shah liked the association of learned persons and respected the clergy and Sufis. He continued the liberal and tolerant practices of his father.<ref name="banglapedia1"/> |
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==Succession== |
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In 1390, one of Sikandar Shah's eighteen sons revolted and occupied [[Sonargaon]] and [[Satgaon]]. A war of succession raged. At the Battle of Goalpara, near the capital [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]], Sikandar Shah was killed by the forces led by his son, despite his son's orders that his father, the Sultan, should not be harmed in any way. That son then assumed the throne of Bengal as Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]].<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref> |
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{{succession box | |
{{succession box | |
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before=[[Ilyas Shah]]| |
before=[[Ilyas Shah]]| |
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title=[[ |
title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Sultan of Bengal]]| |
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years= |
years=1358–1390| |
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after=[[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]}} |
after=[[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]}} |
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{{end |
{{s-end}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of rulers of Bengal]] |
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]] |
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*[[History of Bangladesh]] |
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*[[History of India]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Ilyas}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/S_0378.htm Banglapedia article on Sikandar Shah] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Sikandar}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Sikandar}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Sultans of Bengal]] |
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[[Category:1390 deaths]] |
[[Category:1390 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:14th-century Indian Muslims]] |
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[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]] |
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[[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]] |
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{{Bangladesh-bio-stub}} |
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{{SAsia-hist-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 20:11, 21 October 2024
| Sikandar Shah | |
|---|---|
| Sultan of Bengal | |
| 2nd Sultan of Bengal | |
| Reign | 1358–1390 |
| Predecessor | Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah |
| Successor | Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah |
| Issue | Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah Seventeen other sons |
| House | Ilyas Shahi dynasty |
| Father | Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah |
| Mother | Phulwara Begum |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Abul Mujāhid Sikandar Shāh (Bengali: আবুল মুজাহিদ সিকান্দর শাহ, Persian: ابو المجاهد سكندر شاه), commonly known as Sikandar Shah;[1] was the second Sultan of Bengal and the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. He was the son of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah. Sikandar Shah continued to project the imperial ambitions of his father.[2] He defeated the Sultan of Delhi in 1359.[3] His reign is also noted for its grandiose architectural projects.[3]
Reign
[edit]
Sikandar Shah assumed the throne after the death of his father. He continued to consolidate and expand the territory of the Bengal Sultanate, which had emerged as one of the leading powers in the Indian subcontinent. The most significant event of his reign was the second invasion of Bengal by the Sultan of Delhi Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1359.[4] The Tughlaqs declared Zafar Khan Fars, a Persian noble and son-in-law of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, as the legitimate ruler of Bengal. Firuz Shah Tughluq led an army consisting of 80,000 cavalry, a large infantry and 470 elephants to Bengal. Sikandar Shah took refuge in the fortress of Ekdala, in the same way his father did earlier. The Delhi forces besieged the fort. The Bengal army strongly defended their stronghold until the start of the monsoon. Eventually, Sikandar Shah and Firuz Shah reached a peace treaty, in which Delhi recognized Bengal's independence and withdrew its armed forces.[5]
The reign of Sikandar Shah lasted for three decades. It was characterized by stability and prosperity. He constructed many grand buildings and mosques, including the Adina Mosque, which became the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent for a long time.[2] Other structures built during his reign were the tomb and mosque of Akhi Siraj, the Kotwali Gateway at the southern entrance of Lakhnauti, a vault at Ganagarampur, Dinajpur and a mosque at Mulla Simla, Hughli.
Known as sober and gentle, Sikandar Shah liked the association of learned persons and respected the clergy and Sufis. He continued the liberal and tolerant practices of his father.[5]
Succession
[edit]In 1390, one of Sikandar Shah's eighteen sons revolted and occupied Sonargaon and Satgaon. A war of succession raged. At the Battle of Goalpara, near the capital Pandua, Sikandar Shah was killed by the forces led by his son, despite his son's orders that his father, the Sultan, should not be harmed in any way. That son then assumed the throne of Bengal as Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "The Alexander of Bangladesh". Dhaka Tribune. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b Majummdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.201-3
- ^ Abdul Karim (2012). "Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi1". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- ^ a b Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Sikandar Shah". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- ^ KingListsFarEast