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{{Short description|American political convention}}
{{Infobox National Political Convention
{{Infobox National Political Convention
| year = 1876
| year = 1876
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| next_year = 1880
| next_year = 1880
}}
}}
The '''1876 Republican National Convention''' was a [[presidential nominating convention]] held at the [[Exposition Hall (Cincinnati)|Exposition Hall]] in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] on June 14–16, 1876. President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] considered seeking a third term, but with various scandals, a weak economy and Democratic gains in the House of Representatives leading many Republicans to repudiate him, he did not run.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|McFeely 1981}} |last=McFeely |first=William S. |authorlink=William S. McFeely |title=Grant: A Biography |publisher= Norton |year=1981 |pp=440–441 |isbn= 0-393-01372-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cv5IbR5f9oMC&pg=PA440 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|Patrick}} |last=Patrick |first=Rembert W. |title=The Reconstruction of the Nation |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=[[New York City|New York]] |year=1968 |pp=255 |isbn=0-195-01016-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA255 }}</ref> The convention resulted in the nomination of [[List of Governors of Ohio|Governor]] [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] of [[Ohio]] for [[President of the United States|president]] and [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[William A. Wheeler]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]].
The '''1876 Republican National Convention''' was a [[presidential nominating convention]] held at the [[Exposition Hall (Cincinnati)|Exposition Hall]] in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] on June 14–16, 1876. President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] had considered seeking a third term, but with various scandals, a poor economy and heavy Democratic gains in the House of Representatives that led many Republicans to repudiate him, he declined to run.<ref>{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|McFeely 1981}} |last=McFeely |first=William S. |author-link=William S. McFeely |title=Grant: A Biography |publisher= Norton |year=1981 |pages=440–441 |isbn= 0-393-01372-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cv5IbR5f9oMC&pg=PA440 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|Patrick}} |last=Patrick |first=Rembert W. |title=The Reconstruction of the Nation |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=[[New York City|New York]] |year=1968 |pages=255 |isbn=0-195-01016-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA255 }}</ref> The convention resulted in the nomination of [[List of Governors of Ohio|Governor]] [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] of [[Ohio]] for [[President of the United States|president]] and [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[William A. Wheeler]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]].

The Republican ticket of Hayes and Wheeler went on to lose the popular vote to Democrats [[Samuel J. Tilden]] and [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] in the [[1876 United States presidential election|election of 1876]], but won the electoral vote after a controversy which was resolved by the [[Compromise of 1877]].


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[File:1876 Republican National Convention - Ohio (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Interior of the [[Music Hall (Cincinnati)#History|Exposition Hall]] of Cincinnati during the announcement of Rutherford B. Hayes as the party's nominee for president]]
The convention was called to order by [[Republican National Committee]] chairman [[Edwin D. Morgan]]. [[Theodore M. Pomeroy]] served as the convention's temporary chairman and [[Edward McPherson]] served as permanent president.
The convention was called to order by [[Republican National Committee]] chairman [[Edwin D. Morgan]]. [[Theodore M. Pomeroy]] served as the convention's temporary chairman and [[Edward McPherson]] served as permanent president.


The principal candidates at the convention included Senator [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], the former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]; Senator [[Oliver P. Morton]] of [[Indiana]]; Secretary of the Treasury [[Benjamin H. Bristow]] of [[Kentucky]]; Senator [[Roscoe Conkling]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]; Governor [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] of [[Ohio]]; and Governor [[John F. Hartranft]] of Pennsylvania. [[James Russell Lowell]], well-known poet and a professor at [[Harvard College]], spoke on behalf of Hayes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Heymann |first=C. David |title=American Aristocracy: The Lives and Times of James Russell, Amy, and Robert Lowell |location=New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |year=1980 |page=136 |isbn=0-396-07608-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbFZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA136 }}</ref> Three candidates, including Secretary Benjamin Bristow, Postmaster General [[Marshall Jewell]] of [[Connecticut]], and Secretary of State [[Elihu B. Washburne]] of [[Illinois]] were former Cabinet members of President [[Ulysses S. Grant]].
The principal candidates at the convention included Senator [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]], the former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]; Senator [[Oliver P. Morton]] of [[Indiana]]; Secretary of the Treasury [[Benjamin H. Bristow]] of [[Kentucky]]; Senator [[Roscoe Conkling]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]; Governor [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] of [[Ohio]]; and Governor [[John F. Hartranft]] of Pennsylvania. [[James Russell Lowell]], well-known poet and a professor at [[Harvard College]], spoke on behalf of Hayes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Heymann |first=C. David |title=American Aristocracy: The Lives and Times of James Russell, Amy, and Robert Lowell |location=New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |year=1980 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanaristocr00heym/page/136 136] |isbn=0-396-07608-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanaristocr00heym |url-access=registration }}</ref>


Two candidates, Benjamin Bristow and [[Marshall Jewell]] of [[Connecticut]], were serving as Cabinet members in the [[Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant|Grant administration]].
Blaine led after the first ballot, but had only 285 of the 378 delegates required to secure the nomination. Morton, Bristow, and Conkling each had around 100 delegates, while Hayes and Hartranft each had around 60. The second, third, and fourth ballots saw similar results, but Hayes began to surge on the fifth ballot, passing Morton and Conkling to secure third place after Blaine and Bristow. The sixth ballot saw Blaine rise to 308, but, with the other candidates fading, Hayes continued his surge, moving into second place. After the sixth ballot, the Bristow, Conkling, Morton, and Hartranft supporters withdrew their candidates' names from consideration, leaving Hayes as the sole focus of opposition to Blaine. With the other candidates gone, Hayes won a narrow majority on the seventh ballot and secured the nomination.


==Presidential nomination==
The Convention then went on to choose a vice presidential nominee. Representative [[William A. Wheeler]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] won a majority on the first ballot, defeating Marshall Jewell, [[Stewart L. Woodford]] of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Joseph R. Hawley]] of [[Connecticut]], and [[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] of [[New Jersey]].
===Presidential candidates===
<gallery perrow="4" style="text-align:center;">
Image:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored (cropped).jpg|[[List of Governors of Ohio|Governor]]<br /> '''[[Rutherford B. Hayes]]''' <br />of [[Ohio]]
Image:Unsuccessful 1884.jpg|Former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]]<br /> '''[[James G. Blaine]]''' <br />of [[Maine]]
Image:Benjamin-Bristow.jpg|[[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Treasury Secretary]]<br /> '''[[Benjamin Bristow]]''' <br />of [[Kentucky]]
Image:OHPTMorton.jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]]<br /> '''[[Oliver P. Morton]]''' <br />of [[Indiana]]
Image:Roscoe Conkling c. 1868 (cropped).jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]]<br /> '''[[Roscoe Conkling]]''' <br />of [[New York (state)|New York]]
Image:JohnFHartranft.jpg|[[List of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor]]<br /> '''[[John F. Hartranft]]''' <br />of [[Pennsylvania]]
Image:Marshall Jewell - NARA - 530329 (3x4a).jpg|[[United States Postmaster General|Postmaster General]]<br /> '''[[Marshall Jewell]]''' <br />of [[Connecticut]]
</gallery>


[[File:1876 Republican National Convention - Ohio (cropped).jpg|right|350px|thumb|Interior of the [[Music Hall (Cincinnati)#History|Exposition Hall]] of Cincinnati during the announcement of Rutherford B. Hayes as the party's nominee for president]]
The Republican ticket of Hayes and Wheeler went on to lose the popular vote to Democrats [[Samuel J. Tilden]] and [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] in the [[1876 United States presidential election|election of 1876]], but won the electoral vote after a controversy which was resolved by the [[Compromise of 1877]].
Blaine led after the first ballot, but had only 285 of the 378 delegates required to secure the nomination. Morton, Bristow, and Conkling each had around 100 delegates, while Hayes and Hartranft each had around 60. The second, third, and fourth ballots saw similar results, but Hayes began to surge on the fifth ballot, passing Morton and Conkling to secure third place after Blaine and Bristow. The sixth ballot saw Blaine rise to 308, but, with the other candidates fading, Hayes continued his surge, moving into second place. After the sixth ballot, the Bristow, Conkling, Morton, and Hartranft supporters withdrew their candidates' names from consideration, leaving Hayes as the sole focus of opposition to Blaine. With the other candidates gone, Hayes won a narrow majority on the seventh ballot and secured the nomination.


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
| colspan="8" | '''Presidential Ballot'''
! colspan="8" | '''Presidential Ballot'''
|-
|-
! Ballot!!1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 5th !! 6th !! 7th
! Ballot!!1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th !! 5th !! 6th !! 7th
|-
|-
![[Rutherford B. Hayes]] !!61!! 64!! 67!! 68!! 104!! 113!! 384
![[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]]
|61
|64
|67
|68
|style="background:#fee;"|104
|style="background:#fdd;"|113
|style="background:#fbb;"|384
|-
|-
![[James G. Blaine]] !!285!! 296!! 293!! 292!! 286!! 308!! 351
![[James G. Blaine|Blaine]]
|style="background:#fbb;"|285
|style="background:#fbb;"|296
|style="background:#fbb;"|293
|style="background:#fbb;"|292
|style="background:#fbb;"|286
|style="background:#fbb;"|308
|style="background:#fdd;"|351
|-
|-
![[Benjamin H. Bristow]] !!113!! 114!! 121!! 126!! 114!! 111!! 21
![[Benjamin H. Bristow|Bristow]]
|style="background:#fee;"|113
|style="background:#fee;"|114
|style="background:#fdd;"|121
|style="background:#fdd;"|126
|style="background:#fdd;"|114
|style="background:#fee;"|111
|style="background:#fee;"|21
|-
|-
![[Oliver P. Morton]] !!124!! 120!! 113!! 108!! 95!! 85!! 0
![[Oliver P. Morton|Morton]]
|style="background:#fdd;"|124
|style="background:#fdd;"|120
|style="background:#fee;"|113
|style="background:#fee;"|108
|95
|85
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
![[Roscoe Conkling]] !!99!! 93!! 90!! 84!! 82!! 81!! 0
![[Roscoe Conkling|Conkling]]
|99
|93
|90
|84
|82
|81
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
![[John F. Hartranft]] !!58!! 63!! 68!! 71!! 69!! 50!! 0
![[John F. Hartranft|Hartranft]]
|58
|63
|68
|71
|69
|50
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
![[Marshall Jewell|Jewell]]
![[Elihu B. Washburne]] !!0!! 1!! 1!! 3!! 3!! 4!! 0
|11
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
![[Elihu B. Washburne|Washburne]]
![[William A. Wheeler]] !!3!! 3!! 2!! 2!! 2!! 2!! 0
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|1
|1
|3
|3
|4
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
![[William A. Wheeler|Wheeler]]
![[Marshall Jewell]] !!11!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0!! 0
|3
|3
|2
|2
|2
|2
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|-
|-
!Not Voting !!2!! 2!! 1!! 2!! 1!! 2!! 0
!Not Voting
|2
|2
|1
|2
|1
|2
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0
|}
|}


<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
'''Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)'''
<gallery perrow="4" style="text-align:center;">
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|'''1st<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination2ndBallot.png|'''2nd<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination3rdBallot.png|'''3rd<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination4thBallot.png|'''4th<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination5thBallot.png|'''5th<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination6thBallot.png|'''6th<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
File:1876RepublicanPresidentialNomination7thBallot.png|'''7th<br/>Presidential Ballot'''
</gallery>

==Vice Presidential nomination==
===Vice Presidential candidates===
<gallery perrow="3" style="text-align:center;">
Image:VicePresident-WmAlWheeler (cropped).jpg|[[United States House of Representatives|Representative]]<br /> '''[[William A. Wheeler]]''' <br />of [[New York (state)|New York]]
Image:Frederick T. Frelinghuysen - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg|[[United States Senate|Senator]]<br /> '''[[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen|Frederick Frelinghuysen]]''' <br />of [[New Jersey]]
Image:Marshall Jewell - NARA - 530329 (3x4a).jpg|[[United States Postmaster General|Postmaster General]]<br /> '''[[Marshall Jewell]]''' <br />of [[Connecticut]]
Image:Gen. Stewart L. Woodford c. 1860s (cropped).jpg|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]]<br /> '''[[Stewart L. Woodford]]''' <br />of [[New York (state)|New York]]<br />(Declined)
Image:Joseph Roswell Hawley - Brady-Handy.jpg|Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]]<br /> '''[[Joseph Roswell Hawley|Joseph R. Hawley]]''' <br />of [[Connecticut]]
</gallery>

Five names were presented to the convention for the vice presidential nomination. [[Stewart L. Woodford]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] withdrew his own name from consideration as it was not done at his suggestion.

Representative [[William A. Wheeler]] of [[New York (state)|New York]] was thirteen votes shy of a majority on a partial first ballot when the rules were suspended so that he could be nominated by acclamation. Wheeler defeated [[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] of [[New Jersey]], Marshall Jewell and [[Joseph R. Hawley]] of [[Connecticut]] for the nomination.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
| colspan="24" | '''Vice Presidential Ballot <ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsrepu00nelsgoog|title=Proceedings of the Republican national convention, held at Cincinnati, Ohio ... June 14, 15, and 16, 1876 ..|first1=Cincinnati|last1=Republican party. National convention. 6th|first2=A. M.|last2=Clancy|first3=William|last3=Nelson|date=10 April 1876|publisher=Concord, N.H., Republic press association|accessdate=10 April 2018|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>'''
! colspan="2" | '''Vice Presidential Ballot'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsrepu00nelsgoog|title=Proceedings of the Republican national convention, held at Cincinnati, Ohio ... June 14, 15, and 16, 1876 ..|first1=Cincinnati|last1=Republican party. National convention. 6th|first2=A. M.|last2=Clancy|first3=William|last3=Nelson|date=10 April 1876|publisher=Concord, N.H., Republic press association|access-date=10 April 2018|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
|-
|-
! Ballot!!1st Partial
! Ballot !!1st (Partial Roll-Call)
|-
|-
![[William A. Wheeler]] !!366
![[William A. Wheeler|Wheeler]]
|style="background:#fbb;"|366
|-
|-
![[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] !!89
![[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen|Frelinghuysen]]
|style="background:#fdd;"|89
|-
|-
![[Marshall Jewell]] !!86
![[Marshall Jewell|Jewell]]
|style="background:#fee;"|86
|-
|-
![[Stewart L. Woodford]] !!70
![[Stewart L. Woodford|Woodford]]
|70
|-
|-
![[Joseph R. Hawley]] !!25
![[Joseph R. Hawley|Hawley]]
|25
|-
!Not Called
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|120
|}
|}

<br />
'''Vice Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)'''
<gallery perrow="1" style="text-align:center;">
File:1876RepublicanVicePresidentialNomination1stBallotPartial.png|'''1st<br/>Vice Presidential Ballot<br/>(Partial)'''
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[History of the United States Republican Party]]
* [[History of the United States Republican Party]]
* [[List of Republican National Conventions]]
* [[List of Republican National Conventions]]
* [[U.S. presidential nomination convention]]
* [[United States presidential nominating convention]]
* [[1876 United States presidential election]]
* [[1876 United States presidential election]]
* [[1876 Democratic National Convention]]
* [[1876 Democratic National Convention]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 95: Line 218:
}}
}}


{{Rutherford B. Hayes}}
{{United States presidential election, 1876}}
{{United States presidential election, 1876}}
{{Republican National Convention}}
{{Republican National Convention}}
{{Reconstruction era}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Republican National Conventions]]
[[Category:Republican National Conventions]]
[[Category:History of Cincinnati]]
[[Category:Conventions in Cincinnati]]
[[Category:1876 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:1876 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:1876 in Ohio]]
[[Category:1876 in Ohio]]
[[Category:1876 conferences]]
[[Category:1876 conferences]]
[[Category:June 1876 events]]
[[Category:June 1876 events]]
[[Category:Political conventions in Ohio]]
[[Category:19th-century political conferences]]
[[Category:1870s political events]]
[[Category:Rutherford B. Hayes]]
[[Category:James G. Blaine]]
[[Category:William A. Wheeler]]

Latest revision as of 03:37, 22 October 2024

1876 Republican National Convention
1876 presidential election
Nominees
Hayes and Wheeler
Convention
Date(s)June 14–16, 1876
CityCincinnati, Ohio
VenueExposition Hall
Candidates
Presidential nomineeRutherford B. Hayes of Ohio
Vice-presidential nomineeWilliam A. Wheeler of New York
Other candidatesJames G. Blaine
Benjamin H. Bristow
‹ 1872 · 1880 ›

The 1876 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at the Exposition Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio on June 14–16, 1876. President Ulysses S. Grant had considered seeking a third term, but with various scandals, a poor economy and heavy Democratic gains in the House of Representatives that led many Republicans to repudiate him, he declined to run.[1][2] The convention resulted in the nomination of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio for president and Representative William A. Wheeler of New York for vice president.

The Republican ticket of Hayes and Wheeler went on to lose the popular vote to Democrats Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks in the election of 1876, but won the electoral vote after a controversy which was resolved by the Compromise of 1877.

Overview

[edit]

The convention was called to order by Republican National Committee chairman Edwin D. Morgan. Theodore M. Pomeroy served as the convention's temporary chairman and Edward McPherson served as permanent president.

The principal candidates at the convention included Senator James G. Blaine of Maine, the former Speaker of the House; Senator Oliver P. Morton of Indiana; Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin H. Bristow of Kentucky; Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York; Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio; and Governor John F. Hartranft of Pennsylvania. James Russell Lowell, well-known poet and a professor at Harvard College, spoke on behalf of Hayes.[3]

Two candidates, Benjamin Bristow and Marshall Jewell of Connecticut, were serving as Cabinet members in the Grant administration.

Presidential nomination

[edit]

Presidential candidates

[edit]
Interior of the Exposition Hall of Cincinnati during the announcement of Rutherford B. Hayes as the party's nominee for president

Blaine led after the first ballot, but had only 285 of the 378 delegates required to secure the nomination. Morton, Bristow, and Conkling each had around 100 delegates, while Hayes and Hartranft each had around 60. The second, third, and fourth ballots saw similar results, but Hayes began to surge on the fifth ballot, passing Morton and Conkling to secure third place after Blaine and Bristow. The sixth ballot saw Blaine rise to 308, but, with the other candidates fading, Hayes continued his surge, moving into second place. After the sixth ballot, the Bristow, Conkling, Morton, and Hartranft supporters withdrew their candidates' names from consideration, leaving Hayes as the sole focus of opposition to Blaine. With the other candidates gone, Hayes won a narrow majority on the seventh ballot and secured the nomination.

Presidential Ballot
Ballot 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Hayes 61 64 67 68 104 113 384
Blaine 285 296 293 292 286 308 351
Bristow 113 114 121 126 114 111 21
Morton 124 120 113 108 95 85 0
Conkling 99 93 90 84 82 81 0
Hartranft 58 63 68 71 69 50 0
Jewell 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
Washburne 0 1 1 3 3 4 0
Wheeler 3 3 2 2 2 2 0
Not Voting 2 2 1 2 1 2 0


Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)

  • 1st Presidential Ballot
    1st
    Presidential Ballot
  • 2nd Presidential Ballot
    2nd
    Presidential Ballot
  • 3rd Presidential Ballot
    3rd
    Presidential Ballot
  • 4th Presidential Ballot
    4th
    Presidential Ballot
  • 5th Presidential Ballot
    5th
    Presidential Ballot
  • 6th Presidential Ballot
    6th
    Presidential Ballot
  • 7th Presidential Ballot
    7th
    Presidential Ballot

Vice Presidential nomination

[edit]

Vice Presidential candidates

[edit]

Five names were presented to the convention for the vice presidential nomination. Stewart L. Woodford of New York withdrew his own name from consideration as it was not done at his suggestion.

Representative William A. Wheeler of New York was thirteen votes shy of a majority on a partial first ballot when the rules were suspended so that he could be nominated by acclamation. Wheeler defeated Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Marshall Jewell and Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut for the nomination.

Vice Presidential Ballot[4]
Ballot 1st (Partial Roll-Call)
Wheeler 366
Frelinghuysen 89
Jewell 86
Woodford 70
Hawley 25
Not Called 120


Vice Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)

  • 1st Vice Presidential Ballot (Partial)
    1st
    Vice Presidential Ballot
    (Partial)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ McFeely, William S. (1981). Grant: A Biography. Norton. pp. 440–441. ISBN 0-393-01372-3.
  2. ^ Patrick, Rembert W. (1968). The Reconstruction of the Nation. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 255. ISBN 0-195-01016-7.
  3. ^ Heymann, C. David (1980). American Aristocracy: The Lives and Times of James Russell, Amy, and Robert Lowell. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 136. ISBN 0-396-07608-4.
  4. ^ Republican party. National convention. 6th, Cincinnati; Clancy, A. M.; Nelson, William (10 April 1876). "Proceedings of the Republican national convention, held at Cincinnati, Ohio ... June 14, 15, and 16, 1876 ." Concord, N.H., Republic press association. Retrieved 10 April 2018 – via Internet Archive.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[edit]
Preceded by
1872
Philadelphia 		Republican National Conventions Succeeded by
1880
Chicago
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