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Coordinates: 35°33′N 6°10′E / 35.550°N 6.167°E / 35.550; 6.167
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Batna
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Batna
| official_name = City of Batna
| official_name = City of Batna
| native_name = {{native name|ar|باتنة}}
| native_name = باتنة
| type = [[City]] and [[communes of Algeria|commune]]
⚫
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|native_name_lang=ar
| type = [[City]] and [[communes of Algeria|commune]]
⚫
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Tribunal de Batna.jpg
| photo1a = Tribunal de Batna.jpg
| photo2a = Al Atik mosquée Batna 222.jpg
| photo2a = Al Atik mosquée Batna 222.jpg
Line 17: Line 15:
| border = 0
| border = 0
}}
}}
| image_caption = Overview of Batna
| image_caption = Overview of Batna
|image_seal = Blason de Batna (Algérie).svg
| image_seal = Blason de Batna (Algérie).svg
| image_shield =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| nickname =
| image_map = Dz - 05-01 Batna - Wilaya de Batna map.svg
| image_map = Dz - 05-01 Batna - Wilaya de Batna map.svg
| mapsize = 180px
| mapsize = 180px
| map_caption = Location of Batna, Algeria within [[Batna Province]]
| map_caption = Location of Batna, Algeria within [[Batna Province]]
| pushpin_map = Algeria
| pushpin_map = Algeria
|pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Batna within Algeria
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Batna within Algeria
| coordinates = {{coord|35|33|N|6|10|E|region:DZ-05_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35|33|N|6|10|E|region:DZ-05_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Algeria|Province]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Algeria|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Batna Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Batna Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Algeria|District]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Algeria|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Batna District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Batna District]]
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
| established_title = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date =
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|District&nbsp;seat]]
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|District&nbsp;seat]]
| seat =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_title = [[People's Municipal Assembly|PMA Seats]]
| leader_title = [[People's Municipal Assembly|PMA Seats]]
| leader_name = 33
| leader_name = 33
| leader_title1 = <!-- PMA&nbsp;president -->
| leader_title1 = <!-- PMA&nbsp;president -->
| leader_name1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = <!-- District&nbsp;chief -->
| leader_title2 = <!-- District&nbsp;chief -->
| leader_name2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 85
| area_total_km2 = 85
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1048
| elevation_m = 1048
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 290645<ref name="census2008"/>
| population_total = 290645<ref name="census2008"/>
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Batnéen·ne (French)
| population_demonym = Batni (male) Batnia (female)
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +01
| utc_offset1 = +01
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 05000
| postal_code = 05000
| area_code = (+213) 033
| area_code = (+213) 033
| registration_plate = 05
| registration_plate = 05
| blank_name = [[Office of National Statistics (Algeria)|ONS]] code
| blank_name = [[Office of National Statistics (Algeria)|ONS]] code
| blank_info = 0501
| blank_info = 0501
| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info = [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]
| blank1_info = [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]
| website = <!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] -->
| website = <!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] -->
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Batna''' ({{lang-ar|باتنة}}, {{lang-Latn|ar|Bātnah}}) is the main city and [[communes of Algeria|commune]] of [[Batna Province]], [[Algeria]]. With a population of 290,645 (2008 census)<ref name="census2008">{{cite web|title=Population: Batna Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w05_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |access-date=3 March 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527081657/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w05_p1.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2013 }}</ref> it is the fifth largest city in Algeria. It is also one of the principal cities of the [[Chaoui]] area and is considered the capital of [[Aurès]].
'''Batna''' ({{langx|ar|باتنة}}) is the main city and [[communes of Algeria|commune]] of [[Batna Province]], [[Algeria]]. With a population of 290,645 (2008 census)<ref name="census2008">{{cite web|title=Population: Batna Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w05_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |access-date=3 March 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527081657/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w05_p1.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2013 }}</ref> it is the fifth largest city in Algeria. It is also one of the principal cities of the [[Chaoui]] area and is considered the capital of [[Aurès]].


==History==
==History==
{{See also|:fr:Chronologie de la ville de Batna}}
{{See also|:fr:Chronologie de la ville de Batna}}


The first solid foundations (a military encampment) of the city were erected by a French garrison in 1844, with a strategic mission to create a permanently guarded access point for the main Sahara road.
Batna was inhabited by [[Chaoui people|Chaoui]] tribes and there were previous settlements in the area but they were in ruins by the 18th century. The first solid foundations (a military encampment) of the city were erected by a French garrison in 1844, with a strategic mission to create a permanently guarded access point for the main Sahara road.
Batna's geographical location offers a natural break through the [[Atlas Mountains]]. The Romans did not detect this passage in their early invasion phase.
Batna's geographical location offers a natural break through the [[Atlas Mountains]]. The ancient cities of [[Timgad]] and [[Lambese]], built around the first century CE, are living examples of the importance that the Romans gave to commercial control over the region.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
The ancient cities of [[Timgad]] and [[Lambese]], built around the first century CE, are living examples of the importance that the Romans gave to commercial control over the region.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}


=== Signature and proclamation of the Algerian revolution Batna===
=== Signature and proclamation of the Algerian revolution Batna===
Line 88: Line 85:
The first Batneens adhered to [[Messali Hadj]] (PPP), as did the Ulemas [[Abdelhamid Ben Badis|Ben Badis]] and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedoms (MTLD), and together they organized the great historic summit of 22, June 25, 1954.
The first Batneens adhered to [[Messali Hadj]] (PPP), as did the Ulemas [[Abdelhamid Ben Badis|Ben Badis]] and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedoms (MTLD), and together they organized the great historic summit of 22, June 25, 1954.


The Algerian revolution started at Batna under the chairmanship of Batnéen [[Mustapha Benboulaïd]] (FLN). Batna was the first military region of Algeria (zone 1) (1954–1962).
The Algerian revolution started at Batna under the chairmanship of Batnéen [[Mustapha Benboulaïd]] (FLN). Batna was the [[1st Military Region (Algeria)|first military region of Algeria (zone 1)]] (1954–1962).

On the night of November 1, 1954, the barracks of the city of Batna were attacked by the mujahedeen.
On the night of November 1, 1954, the barracks of the city of Batna were attacked by the mujahedeen.
Batna was the command headquarters of the Algerian revolution until independence.<ref>War in Algeria, Mohammmde Hardi, Benjamamin Stora edition Robert Laffont</ref>
Batna was the command headquarters of the Algerian revolution until independence.<ref>War in Algeria, Mohammmde Hardi, Benjamamin Stora edition Robert Laffont</ref>
Line 96: Line 94:
{{main|2007 Batna bombing}}
{{main|2007 Batna bombing}}


On September 6, 2007, Batna saw a massive [[Al-Qaeda]] suicide bombing. The bombing, which took place shortly before the visit of Algerian President [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], resulted in approximately 15–20<ref name=ahn>[http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7008435341 "Suicide Bombing In Algeria Kills 15"]{{cbignore}} {{dead link|date=October 2016}} AHN News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=excite>[http://news.excite.co.uk/international/africa/43149 "16 killed in Algeria bombing attack"]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Excite News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> deaths and 107<ref name=bbc>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6982487.stm "Suicide bomb kills 20 in Algeria"] [[BBC News]] retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> injuries as the bomber detonated his device among a crowd waiting to see the President,<ref name=voa>[http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-06-voa79.cfm "Suicide Bombing Kills 15 in Algeria"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909135151/http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-06-voa79.cfm |date=September 9, 2007 }} VOA News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> who was at the end of a three-day tour of eastern Algeria.<ref name=al>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2007/09/2008525143019920248.html "Many dead in Algeria suicide attack"] [[Al Jazeera]] retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> The bombings were condemned by the [[UN Security Council]].<ref>{{ UN document |docid=S-PV-5738 |body=Security Council |type=Verbotim Report |meeting=5738 |page=2 |anchor=pg002-bk07 |date=7 September 2007 |speakername=The President |accessdate=2008-05-20 }}</ref>
On September 6, 2007, Batna saw a massive [[Al-Qaeda]] suicide bombing. The bombing, which took place shortly before the visit of Algerian President [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], resulted in approximately 15–20<ref name=ahn>[http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7008435341 "Suicide Bombing In Algeria Kills 15"]{{cbignore}} {{dead link|date=October 2016}} AHN News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=excite>[http://news.excite.co.uk/international/africa/43149 "16 killed in Algeria bombing attack"]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Excite News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> deaths and 107<ref name=bbc>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6982487.stm "Suicide bomb kills 20 in Algeria"] [[BBC News]] retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> injuries as the bomber detonated his device among a crowd waiting to see the President,<ref name=voa>[http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-06-voa79.cfm "Suicide Bombing Kills 15 in Algeria"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909135151/http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-06-voa79.cfm |date=September 9, 2007 }} VOA News retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> who was at the end of a three-day tour of eastern Algeria.<ref name=al>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2007/09/2008525143019920248.html "Many dead in Algeria suicide attack"] [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> The bombings were condemned by the [[UN Security Council]].<ref>{{ UN document |docid=S-PV-5738 |body=Security Council |type=Verbotim Report |meeting=5738 |page=2 |anchor=pg002-bk07 |date=7 September 2007 |speakername=The President |accessdate=2008-05-20 }}</ref>


===Historical population===
===Historical population===
Line 200: Line 198:


=== Dining and nightlife ===
=== Dining and nightlife ===
With regard to night life, due to some religious and cultural limitations, there are almost no night clubs in the city. However, the existing nightlife is concentrated in the heart of the city, around ''Les allées Benboulaïd'' and "STAND" areas, especially during summer break. Downtown Batna has plenty of cafés, traditional restaurants ([[Chouwaya]]) or [[GARGOUTTIER]], Pizzerias, French and oriental bakeries, and a limited number of luxury restaurants. Many festivities take place in ''allées Ben Boulaïd'' area, mainly in the season of International Timgad Festival (usually between 4–15 July every year). The most attractive exciting places surrounding the city are, Lambese (also called [[Lambaesis]]), [[Timgad]], [[Ghoufi]], [[Chelaalaa]], and [[Belezma National Park]].
With regard to nightlife, due to some religious and cultural limitations, there are almost no night clubs in the city. However, the existing nightlife is concentrated in the heart of the city, around ''Les allées Benboulaïd'' and "STAND" areas, especially during summer break. Downtown Batna has plenty of cafés, traditional restaurants, pizzerias, French and oriental bakeries, and a limited number of luxury restaurants. Many festivities take place in ''allées Ben Boulaïd'' area, mainly in the season of International Timgad Festival (usually between 4–15 July every year). The most attractive exciting places surrounding the city are, Lambese (also called [[Lambaesis]]), [[Timgad]], [[Ghoufi]], [[Chelaalaa]], and [[Belezma National Park]].


==Administration==
==Administration==


===Districts and urban areas of the city ===
===Districts and urban areas===
{{Expand French|section=yes|date=July 2022}}
{{Expand French|topic=geo|section=yes|date=July 2022}}
[[File:DZ - Batna - Quartiers de la ville.svg|300px|thumbnail|Districts of the city Batna]]
[[File:DZ - Batna - Quartiers de la ville.svg|300px|thumbnail|Districts of Batna]]

;Town center
;Town center


;Le Quartier du Stand
;Quartier du Stand


;Bouzourane
;Bouzourane


;Cité 20 août (''[[Soummam conference|20 August]] estate'')
;Cité 20 Août


;Hai An Nasr
;Hai An Nasr


;Cité 84 Log.
;Cité 84 Log.

;La Verdure


;Cité Chikhi
;Cité Chikhi
Line 235: Line 236:
;Cité 1272 Log.
;Cité 1272 Log.


;La SAE
;SAE


;Tamechit
;Tamechit
Line 265: Line 266:
;Cité Bouarif
;Cité Bouarif


;Route de Tazoult
;Route de Tazoult (''[[Tazoult]] road'')

;Zone Militaire (''Military zone'')

⚫
;Zone Industrielle (''Industrial zone'')

== Monuments ==
* [[Buttafoco Camp Monument]]

== Sports ==
The city is home to two notable football clubs: [[CA Batna]] and [[MSP Batna]]. Both play at the [[1 November 1954 Stadium (Batna)|1 November 1954 Stadium]].

==Education==
The city has [[Aurès Aviation]] flight school.


;La Zone Militaire


⚫
;La Zone Industrielle Batna


==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
⚫
* [[Ali Benflis]], Former Head of Government of Algeria
* [[Houria Aïchi]], musician
* [[Houria Aïchi]], musician
⚫
* [[Ali Benflis]], Former Head of Government of Algeria
* [[Ishem Boumaraf]], singer
* [[Marcel Deviq]], French engineer and politician
* [[Rachid Mouffouk]], sculptor
* [[Rachid Mouffouk]], sculptor
* [[Liamine Zéroual]], sixth President of Algeria
* [[Liamine Zéroual]], sixth President of Algeria


==References==
==References==
{{Portal|Algeria}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Revision as of 05:03, 22 October 2024

Batna
باتنة (Arabic)
City and commune
City of Batna
Overview of Batna
Official seal of Batna
Seal
Location of Batna, Algeria within Batna Province
Location of Batna, Algeria within Batna Province
Batna is located in Algeria
Batna
Batna
Location of Batna within Algeria
Coordinates: 35°33′N 6°10′E / 35.550°N 6.167°E / 35.550; 6.167
Country Algeria
ProvinceBatna Province
DistrictBatna District
Government
 • PMA Seats33
Area
 • Total
85 km2 (33 sq mi)
Elevation
1,048 m (3,438 ft)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total
290,645[1]
DemonymBatni (male) Batnia (female)
Time zoneUTC+01 (CET)
Postal code
05000
Area code(+213) 033
Vehicle registration05
ONS code0501
ClimateBSk

Batna (Arabic: باتنة) is the main city and commune of Batna Province, Algeria. With a population of 290,645 (2008 census)[1] it is the fifth largest city in Algeria. It is also one of the principal cities of the Chaoui area and is considered the capital of Aurès.

History

See also: fr:Chronologie de la ville de Batna

Batna was inhabited by Chaoui tribes and there were previous settlements in the area but they were in ruins by the 18th century. The first solid foundations (a military encampment) of the city were erected by a French garrison in 1844, with a strategic mission to create a permanently guarded access point for the main Sahara road. Batna's geographical location offers a natural break through the Atlas Mountains. The ancient cities of Timgad and Lambese, built around the first century CE, are living examples of the importance that the Romans gave to commercial control over the region.[citation needed]

Signature and proclamation of the Algerian revolution Batna

The Municipal People's Assembly
Martyrs' Square of Batna

The inhabitants of the city revolted against the French authorities at the beginning of colonization. Thereafter they organized the Algerian revolution against French colonialism.

The first Batneens adhered to Messali Hadj (PPP), as did the Ulemas Ben Badis and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedoms (MTLD), and together they organized the great historic summit of 22, June 25, 1954.

The Algerian revolution started at Batna under the chairmanship of Batnéen Mustapha Benboulaïd (FLN). Batna was the first military region of Algeria (zone 1) (1954–1962).

On the night of November 1, 1954, the barracks of the city of Batna were attacked by the mujahedeen. Batna was the command headquarters of the Algerian revolution until independence.[2]

Bombing

Main article: 2007 Batna bombing

On September 6, 2007, Batna saw a massive Al-Qaeda suicide bombing. The bombing, which took place shortly before the visit of Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, resulted in approximately 15–20[3][4][5] deaths and 107[6] injuries as the bomber detonated his device among a crowd waiting to see the President,[4] who was at the end of a three-day tour of eastern Algeria.[7] The bombings were condemned by the UN Security Council.[8]

Historical population

Year Population[9]
1901 6,900
1926 10,300
1931 13,600
1936 15,500
1948 21,700
1954 26,400
1966 54,900
1974 115,100
1977 102,800
1987 181,600
1998 246,800

Climate

Snow in Batna

Located in the Aurès Mountains (part of the Atlas Mountains), at 1,048 metres (3,438 ft) above sea level, Batna has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with Mediterranean influences and an average annual precipitation of 326 millimetres (12.8 in). Summers are moderately hot (by Saharan standards) and dry and winters are chilly and wetter, with the possibility of snowfall.

Climate data for Batna
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		11.2
(52.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.7
(63.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		29.1
(84.4) 		33.0
(91.4) 		31.9
(89.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		20.1
(68.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		6.3
(43.3) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.6
(52.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		21.7
(71.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.3
(75.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		14.0
(57.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		1.4
(34.5) 		2.7
(36.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		3.9
(39.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		7.9
(46.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24.9
(0.98) 		29.3
(1.15) 		38.0
(1.50) 		31.7
(1.25) 		32.0
(1.26) 		20.1
(0.79) 		7.5
(0.30) 		17.7
(0.70) 		37.3
(1.47) 		27.3
(1.07) 		31.7
(1.25) 		28.7
(1.13) 		326.2
(12.85)
Source: NOAA (1971–1990)[10]

Entertainment

Algerian national team fans at the 2014 World Cup

Many entertainment resorts are spread across the town. Regarding sports activities the most important destinations are the 1st November Stadium (Stade du premier Novembre), and Seffouhi Stadium, which is used mainly for soccer clubs and festivals (CAB & MSPB are the biggest teams in the city), in addition to the Scholar Stadium. For cultural activities there is the Théâtre régional de Batna, and also a municipal Cultural House, which is located behind the Prefecture and covers many cultural and educational activities, in addition to the Islamic Cultural Center in the heart of the city and the Youth House in Cite Ennaser. For children, an attraction park is located in Kechida, which is approximately a ten-minute drive from the downtown area.

Dining and nightlife

With regard to nightlife, due to some religious and cultural limitations, there are almost no night clubs in the city. However, the existing nightlife is concentrated in the heart of the city, around Les allées Benboulaïd and "STAND" areas, especially during summer break. Downtown Batna has plenty of cafés, traditional restaurants, pizzerias, French and oriental bakeries, and a limited number of luxury restaurants. Many festivities take place in allées Ben Boulaïd area, mainly in the season of International Timgad Festival (usually between 4–15 July every year). The most attractive exciting places surrounding the city are, Lambese (also called Lambaesis), Timgad, Ghoufi, Chelaalaa, and Belezma National Park.

Administration

Districts and urban areas

Districts of Batna
Town center
Quartier du Stand
Bouzourane
Cité 20 août (20 August estate)
Hai An Nasr
Cité 84 Log.
La Verdure
Cité Chikhi
Cité 800 Log.
Cité 500 Log.
Cité 1020 Log.
Kechida
Erriadh
Moudjahidines
Cité 1272 Log.
SAE
Tamechit
Sonatiba
Cité Chouhada
Kemmouni
El Boustane
Bouakal
Z'Mala
Douar Eddis
Ezzohour
Cité Lombarakia
Parc à fourrage
Cité Zemmouri
Cité Salsabil
Cité Bouarif
Route de Tazoult (Tazoult road)
Zone Militaire (Military zone)
Zone Industrielle (Industrial zone)

Monuments

Sports

The city is home to two notable football clubs: CA Batna and MSP Batna. Both play at the 1 November 1954 Stadium.

Education

The city has Aurès Aviation flight school.


Notable residents

References

  1. ^ a b "Population: Batna Wilaya" (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  2. ^ War in Algeria, Mohammmde Hardi, Benjamamin Stora edition Robert Laffont
  3. ^ "Suicide Bombing In Algeria Kills 15" [dead link‍] AHN News retrieved September 10, 2007
  4. ^ a b "Suicide Bombing Kills 15 in Algeria" Archived September 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine VOA News retrieved September 10, 2007
  5. ^ "16 killed in Algeria bombing attack"[permanent dead link‍] Excite News retrieved September 10, 2007
  6. ^ "Suicide bomb kills 20 in Algeria" BBC News retrieved September 10, 2007
  7. ^ "Many dead in Algeria suicide attack" Al Jazeera retrieved September 10, 2007
  8. ^ United Nations Security Council Verbotim Report 5738. S/PV/5738 page 2. The President 7 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
  9. ^ populstat.info Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Climate Normals for Batna". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Batna.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batna.
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