Jump to content

Grodzisk Mazowiecki: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 52°6′32″N 20°37′30″E / 52.10889°N 20.62500°E / 52.10889; 20.62500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Format administrative division links, remove DEFAULTSORTKEY as per WP:SORTKEY, remove One Source for stubs, minor formatting changes (AWB)
(28 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Grodzisk Mazowiecki
| name = Grodzisk Mazowiecki
| image_skyline = Grodzisk Mazowiecki 3.jpg
| image_skyline = Kolaż Grodziska Mazowieckiego 2022.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = {{hlist|From top, left to right: Culture Center|Railway station|Villa Niespodzianka|Saint Anne church|[[Józef Chełmoński]] Monument|Walczewski ponds}}
| image_caption = Railway station
| image_shield = POL Grodzisk Mazowiecki COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Grodzisk Mazowiecki COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki County|Grodzisk Mazowiecki]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki|Grodzisk Mazowiecki]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Grzegorz Józef Benedykciński
| leader_name = Grzegorz Józef Benedykciński
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 12th century
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1522
| established_date3 = 1522
Line 27: Line 29:
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|52|6|32|N|20|37|30|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| coordinates = {{coord|52|6|32|N|20|37|30|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 05-825 to 05-827
| postal_code = 05-825 to 05-827
Line 33: Line 35:
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = WGM
| blank_info = WGM
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]s
⚫
| website = http://www.grodzisk.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DW579-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DW719-PL.svg|32px]]
'''Grodzisk Mazowiecki''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Grodzisk.ogg|'|g|r|o|dź|i|s|k|-|m|a|z|o|'|w|J|e|c|k|J|i}} is a town in central [[Poland]] with 29,363 inhabitants (2011). It is 30 km. southwest of [[Warsaw]]. Between 1975 and 1998 it was situated in the [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1975-1998)|Warszawa Voivodeship]] but since 1999 it has been situated in the [[Masovian Voivodeship]]. It is the capital of [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki County]].
⚫
| website = http://www.grodzisk.pl
}}
'''Grodzisk Mazowiecki''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈɡrɔd͡ʑisk mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi|-}}) is a town in central [[Poland]], the capital of [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki County]] in the [[Masovian Voivodeship]], with 29,363 inhabitants (2011). It is {{convert|30|km}} southwest of [[Warsaw]].

==History==
[[File:Grodzisk - Kosciol. 1913 (69520449).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Saint Anne church in the 1910s]]
⚫
The origins of Grodzisk Mazowiecki can be traced back to the 12th century when medieval village Grodzisk was founded. This settlement was built on the outskirts of the Jaktorowska Forest and its remains are a part of the existing town area. In 1355 the first known owner of the settlement Tomasz Grodzinski founded a church which was later destroyed by fire (1441). In 15th century Grodzisk remained the parish seat.
⚫
Dating from the end of the 15th century to 1623 Grodzisk was owned by the Okunia and Mokrowski families. In 1522 Grodzisk has received municipal rights from king [[Sigismund I the Old]]. It was administratively located in the Mszczonów County in the [[Rawa Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]] of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1540 Grodzisk was destroyed by the fire and was not reconstructed until the end of 16th century. After the reconstruction, Grodzisk became a local trade and production centre due to its location and the local traffic routes. In 1655 it was again destroyed during [[Deluge (history)|Swedish Deluge]] and then restored. In 1708 the town was struck by a cholera epidemic and as a result, its population diminished down to 370 people.

Grodzisk was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and after its dissolution in 1815, it fell to the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland. During the [[November Uprising]] (1830–1831) the town was the place of fights between the insurrectionists’ forces and Russian army. The recovery of the local economy was possible to the prosperous railway route connecting Warsaw and [[Skierniewice]] built in 1846. In 1870 the town's municipal rights were taken away by the Tsarist authorities as punishment for the unsuccessful Polish [[January Uprising]]. Between the 19th and 20th century Grodzisk was known as recreation center with hydropathic establishment founded by [[:pl:Michał Bojasiński|Michał Bojasiński]]. In 1915 Grodzisk regained its municipal rights<ref>[[:pl:Grodzisk Mazowiecki]]</ref>
In interwar Poland, Grodzisk was the seat of Błonie County in the [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Warsaw Voivodeship]]. In 1928, the town was renamed to Grodzisk Mazowiecki by the addition of the adjective "Mazowiecki" after the region of [[Masovia]], within which it is located, to distinguish it from the town of [[Grodzisk Wielkopolski]] in western Poland.

[[File:Grodzisk Mazowiecki 2021 (6).jpg|thumb|upright|Freedom Monument]]
⚫
Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in September 1939, Grodzisk Mazowiecki was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]] until 1945. Administratively it was located in the [[Warsaw District]] of the [[General Government]]. The [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] was active in the town, and even the underground [[University of the Western Lands]] gave secret lectures.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|year=1998|location=Poznań|language=pl|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|page=615|isbn=83-85003-97-5}}</ref> In 1944, the [[National Military Union]] was founded in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|page=374}}</ref> Local Polish farmer Stanisława Sławińska [[Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust|hid Jews from the Nazis]] in her house in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.<ref name="catholicsudi">{{cite news|last1=Sudilovsky|first1=Judith|title=Catholic to be honored posthumously for saving Jews during Holocaust|url=http://www.catholicvoiceoakland.org/2008/08-10-06/inthisissue12.htm|access-date=October 21, 2016|work=The Catholic Voice|date=October 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name="jerusalempostholocaustsurvivor">{{cite news|last1=Lefkovitz|first1=Etgar|title=94-year-old Holocaust survivor reconnects with family that saved her life|url=http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/94-year-old-Holocaust-survivor-reconnects-with-family-that-saved-her-life|access-date=October 21, 2016|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> In 2008, she was honoured as [[Righteous Among the Nations]] by [[Yad Vashem]].<ref name="catholicsudi"/> Among those she saved was the mother of the Israeli businessperson [[Yossi Maiman]].<ref name="jerusalempostholocaustsurvivor"/>

After the war, it was administratively located in the [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1944–1975)|"large" Warsaw Voivodeship]] until 1975, and then the [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1975–1998)|"small" Warsaw Voivodeship]] until 1998. Currently, Grodzisk Mazowiecki is a local industrial center for the area of Warsaw.

⚫
==Legends==

⚫
According to a legend regarding the town charter, monarchs were riding through the settlement of Grodzisk on their way to hunt in Jaktorowska forest. One of the monarchs, who was tired, was offered a cup of water from the town's spring to regain his strength. It was the extraordinary taste of the water that convinced the king to grant the town a charter.

⚫
==Jewish community==
⚫
The town had a [[Jew]]ish community and it had been the center of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Grodzhisk (Hasidic dynasty)|Grodzhisk dynasty]], (Grodzisk Mazowiecki being pronounced as "Grodzhisk" in [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]].) Grodzisk was the birthplace of [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira]] (1889–1943), also known as the [[Rebbe]] of the [[Warsaw Ghetto]]. During the wartime, all the Jewish population was deported and murdered.

⚫
In 2016, the remains of the Jewish cemetery in town were saved from being developed into a residential complex, and the city council pledged to preserve the cemetery, restore the original gate with Hebrew inscription, and build a fence around the property.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2016/02/22/news-opinion/world/polish-town-saves-jewish-cemetery-from-developers|title = Polish town saves Jewish cemetery from developers|date = 22 February 2016}}</ref> Plans to build the residential complex were originally halted in 2014 when residents of the nearby Jewish community of Warsaw, as well as activist [[Robert Augustyniak]], protested the plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2014/11/26/news-opinion/world/polish-town-plans-to-turn-jewish-cemetery-into-apartment-complex.|title=Polish town reconsidering plan to turn Jewish cemetery into apartment complex|date=26 November 2014}}</ref>


==Demography==
==Demography==
Line 68: Line 95:
</timeline>
</timeline>


==History==
==Sights==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=380 |header=Sights of Grodzisk (examples)
⚫
The origins of Grodzisk Mazowiecki can be traced back to the 12th century when medieval village Grodzisk was created. This settlement was built on the outskirts of the Jaktorowska Forest and its remains are a part of the existing town area. In 1355 the first known owner of the settlement Tomasz Grodzinski founded a church which was later destroyed by fire (1441). In 15th century Grodzisk remained the parish seat.
| image1 = Grodzisk Maz., Kościół p.w. Świętej Anny 01.jpg
⚫
Dating from the end of the 15th century to 1623 the village was owned by Okunia family and the Mokrowski family. In 1522 Grodzisk Mazowiecki has received Municipal Rights from king [[Sigismund I the Old|Zygmunt (Sigismund) I Old]]. In 1540 Grodzisk was destroyed by the fire and was not reconstructed until the end of 16th century. After the reconstruction, Grodzisk Mazowiecki became a local trade and production centre due to its location and the local traffic routes. In 1655 it was again destroyed during [[Deluge (history)|Swedish Deluge]] and then restored. In 1708 the town was struck by a cholera epidemic and as a result its population diminished down to 370 people. During the [[November Uprising]] (1830–1831) the town was the place of fights between the insurrectionists’ forces and Russian army. The recovery of the local economy was possible to the prosperous railway route connecting Warsaw and Skierniewice built in 1846. In 1870 the town's municipal rights were taken away. Between the 19th and 20th century Grodzisk was known as recreation center with hydropathic establishment founded by [[:pl:Michał Bojasiński|Michał Bojasiński]]. In 1915 Grodzisk regained its municipal rights<ref>[[:pl:Grodzisk Mazowiecki]]</ref>
| image2 = Dwór Skarbka w Grodzisku Mazowieckim.JPG
Currently, Grodzisk Mazowiecki is a local industrial center for the area of Warsaw.
| image3 = Dawny dworzec kolejony w Grodzisku Mazowieckim.jpg
| image4 = Grodzisk Mazowiecki pomnik Chelmonskiego.jpg
| caption1 = [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Saint Anne church
⚫
| caption2 = Baroque Skarbek manor house
⚫
| caption3 = Foksal Villa
| caption4 = [[Józef Chełmoński]] Monument
}}
⚫
* Foksal Villa, built in 1845 in a shape of a small locomotive. It was built right after launching the first part of the [[Warsaw–Vienna railway]]. The building is situated next to the old railway station.
⚫
* [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] St. Anne's Parish Church was established in 1687. In the church, there are numerous examples of sacred paintings from the 18th century.
⚫
* Baroque Holy Cross Chapel, built in 1713 as a gesture of gratitude for the end of cholera epidemic. In 1995 the Chapel was moved next to the St. Anne's Church.
⚫
* Baroque Skarbek manor house, constructed in the 18th century. Dating from 1869 it was the residence of the Skarbek family. Today, the building serves as a National Music School of the first degree.
⚫
* Old Jewish cemetery, established in the 18th century
* Historic villas, including the Milusin Villa, Niespodzianka Villa, Radogoszcz Villa, Kaprys Villa, Kniaziew Villa, Janówek Villa
* [[Józef Chełmoński]] Monument


⚫
===Recreational areas===
⚫
During [[World War II]], a Roman Catholic farmer, Stanislawa Slawinska, hid Jews from the Nazis in her house in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.<ref name="catholicsudi">{{cite news|last1=Sudilovsky|first1=Judith|title=Catholic to be honored posthumously for saving Jews during Holocaust|url=http://www.catholicvoiceoakland.org/2008/08-10-06/inthisissue12.htm|accessdate=October 21, 2016|work=The Catholic Voice|date=October 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name="jerusalempostholocaustsurvivor">{{cite news|last1=Lefkovitz|first1=Etgar|title=94-year-old Holocaust survivor reconnects with family that saved her life|url=http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/94-year-old-Holocaust-survivor-reconnects-with-family-that-saved-her-life|accessdate=October 21, 2016|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> In 2008, she was honoured as [[Righteous Among the Nations]] by [[Yad Vashem]].<ref name="catholicsudi"/> One of her Jews she saved was the mother of Israeli businessman [[Yossi Maiman]].<ref name="jerusalempostholocaustsurvivor"/>
*[[Count Skarbków Park]]

==Geographic and administrative location==
*Until the 18th century Kingdom of Poland, Rawa Land, Rawa Province
*1795-1807 Prussia
*1807-1815 Duchy of Warsaw
*1815-1918 Russia (Kingdom of Poland), Błonie County
*1918-1939 Poland, Warsaw Province, Błonie County with the seat in Grodzisk
*1939-1945 Germany (The Third Reich), The General Government (German: Generalgouvernement), Warsaw District, Błonie County with the seat in Grodzisk
*1945-1998 Warsaw Province
*From 1999 Mazowsze Province, Grodzisk County

⚫
==Legends==
*''' Granting a charter '''
⚫
According to this legend, monarchs were riding through the settlement of Grodzisk on their way to hunt in Jaktorowska forest. One of the monarchs who was tired was offered a cup of water from the town's spring to regain his strengths. It was the extraordinary taste of the water that convinced the king to grant the town a charter.

⚫
==Jewish community==
⚫
The town had a [[Jew]]ish community and it had been the center of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Grodzhisk (Hasidic dynasty)|Grodzhisk dynasty]], (Grodzisk Mazowiecki being pronounced as "Grodzhisk" in [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]].) Grodzisk was the birthplace of [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira]] (1889–1943), also known as the [[Rebbe]] of the [[Warsaw Ghetto]]. During the wartime all the Jewish population was deported and murdered.

⚫
In 2016, the remains of the Jewish cemetery in town were saved from being developed into a residential complex, and the city council pledged to preserve the cemetery, restore the original gate with Hebrew inscription, and build a fence around the property.<ref>http://www.jta.org/2016/02/22/news-opinion/world/polish-town-saves-jewish-cemetery-from-developers</ref> Plans to build the residential complex were originally halted in 2014 when residents of the nearby Jewish community of Warsaw, as well as activist [[Robert Augustyniak]], protested the plan.<ref>http://www.jta.org/2014/11/26/news-opinion/world/polish-town-plans-to-turn-jewish-cemetery-into-apartment-complex.</ref>

==Tourist attractions==
⚫
*'''The Foksal Villa'''
⚫
was built in 1845 in a shape of a small locomotive. It was built right after launching the first part of the Warsaw- Vienna railway. The building is situated next to the old railway station.

*'''Milusin Villa, Kaprys Villa, Kniaziew Villa'''
*'''St. Anne's Parish Church'''
⚫
was established in 1687. In the church there are numerous examples of sacred paintings from the 18th century.

*'''Antique Jewish cemetery'''
⚫
was established in the 18th century.
*'''Holy Cross Chapel'''
⚫
was built in 1713 as a gesture of gratitude for the end of cholera epidemic. In 1995 the Chapel was moved next to the St. Anne's Church.

⚫
*'''Skarbek manor house'''
⚫
was constructed in the 18th century. It is an example of baroque architecture. Dating from 1869 it was the residence of the Skarbek family. Today, the building serves as a National Music School of the 1st degree.

⚫
==Recreational areas==
⚫
*Walczewski Ponds
*Golian Ponds
*Golian Ponds
*Skarbek Park
*Skarbek Park
⚫
*Walczewski Ponds


==Sister cities==
==Sister City==
*{{flagicon|LIT}} [[Radviliškis]], Lithuania<ref>{{cite web|title=Radviliskis|url=http://www.radviliskis.lt/lit/English|publisher=Radviliskis|accessdate=3 May 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408161412/http://www.radviliskis.lt/lit/English|archivedate=8 April 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|LIT}} [[Radviliškis]], Lithuania<ref>{{cite web|title=Radviliskis|url=http://www.radviliskis.lt/lit/English|publisher=Radviliskis|access-date=3 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408161412/http://www.radviliskis.lt/lit/English|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 129: Line 133:
{{Commons|Grodzisk Mazowiecki}}
{{Commons|Grodzisk Mazowiecki}}


{{coord|52|07|N|20|38|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
<br>
{{Grodzisk Mazowiecki County}}
{{Grodzisk Mazowiecki County}}
{{Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki}}
{{Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki}}
Line 138: Line 140:
[[Category:Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Grodzisk Mazowiecki County]]
[[Category:Grodzisk Mazowiecki County]]
[[Category:Jewish communities in Poland‎]]
[[Category:12th-century establishments in Poland]]
[[Category:Shtetls]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 12th century]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland]]

Revision as of 07:49, 22 October 2024

Grodzisk Mazowiecki
  • From top, left to right: Culture Center
  • Railway station
  • Villa Niespodzianka
  • Saint Anne church
  • Józef Chełmoński Monument
  • Walczewski ponds
Coat of arms of Grodzisk Mazowiecki
Coat of arms
Grodzisk Mazowiecki is located in Poland
Grodzisk Mazowiecki
Grodzisk Mazowiecki
Coordinates: 52°6′32″N 20°37′30″E / 52.10889°N 20.62500°E / 52.10889; 20.62500
Country Poland
VoivodeshipMasovian
CountyGrodzisk Mazowiecki
GminaGrodzisk Mazowiecki
Founded12th century
Town rights1522
Government
 • MayorGrzegorz Józef Benedykciński
Area
 • Total
13.19 km2 (5.09 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total
27,055
 • Density2,100/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
05-825 to 05-827
Area code+48 022
Car platesWGM
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.grodzisk.pl

Grodzisk Mazowiecki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡrɔd͡ʑisk mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi]) is a town in central Poland, the capital of Grodzisk Mazowiecki County in the Masovian Voivodeship, with 29,363 inhabitants (2011). It is 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Warsaw.

History

Saint Anne church in the 1910s

The origins of Grodzisk Mazowiecki can be traced back to the 12th century when medieval village Grodzisk was founded. This settlement was built on the outskirts of the Jaktorowska Forest and its remains are a part of the existing town area. In 1355 the first known owner of the settlement Tomasz Grodzinski founded a church which was later destroyed by fire (1441). In 15th century Grodzisk remained the parish seat. Dating from the end of the 15th century to 1623 Grodzisk was owned by the Okunia and Mokrowski families. In 1522 Grodzisk has received municipal rights from king Sigismund I the Old. It was administratively located in the Mszczonów County in the Rawa Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1540 Grodzisk was destroyed by the fire and was not reconstructed until the end of 16th century. After the reconstruction, Grodzisk became a local trade and production centre due to its location and the local traffic routes. In 1655 it was again destroyed during Swedish Deluge and then restored. In 1708 the town was struck by a cholera epidemic and as a result, its population diminished down to 370 people.

Grodzisk was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815, it fell to the Russian Partition of Poland. During the November Uprising (1830–1831) the town was the place of fights between the insurrectionists’ forces and Russian army. The recovery of the local economy was possible to the prosperous railway route connecting Warsaw and Skierniewice built in 1846. In 1870 the town's municipal rights were taken away by the Tsarist authorities as punishment for the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising. Between the 19th and 20th century Grodzisk was known as recreation center with hydropathic establishment founded by Michał Bojasiński. In 1915 Grodzisk regained its municipal rights[1] In interwar Poland, Grodzisk was the seat of Błonie County in the Warsaw Voivodeship. In 1928, the town was renamed to Grodzisk Mazowiecki by the addition of the adjective "Mazowiecki" after the region of Masovia, within which it is located, to distinguish it from the town of Grodzisk Wielkopolski in western Poland.

Freedom Monument

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Grodzisk Mazowiecki was occupied by Germany until 1945. Administratively it was located in the Warsaw District of the General Government. The Polish resistance was active in the town, and even the underground University of the Western Lands gave secret lectures.[2] In 1944, the National Military Union was founded in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.[3] Local Polish farmer Stanisława Sławińska hid Jews from the Nazis in her house in Grodzisk Mazowiecki.[4][5] In 2008, she was honoured as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem.[4] Among those she saved was the mother of the Israeli businessperson Yossi Maiman.[5]

After the war, it was administratively located in the "large" Warsaw Voivodeship until 1975, and then the "small" Warsaw Voivodeship until 1998. Currently, Grodzisk Mazowiecki is a local industrial center for the area of Warsaw.

Legends

According to a legend regarding the town charter, monarchs were riding through the settlement of Grodzisk on their way to hunt in Jaktorowska forest. One of the monarchs, who was tired, was offered a cup of water from the town's spring to regain his strength. It was the extraordinary taste of the water that convinced the king to grant the town a charter.

Jewish community

The town had a Jewish community and it had been the center of the Hasidic Grodzhisk dynasty, (Grodzisk Mazowiecki being pronounced as "Grodzhisk" in Yiddish.) Grodzisk was the birthplace of Kalonymus Kalman Shapira (1889–1943), also known as the Rebbe of the Warsaw Ghetto. During the wartime, all the Jewish population was deported and murdered.

In 2016, the remains of the Jewish cemetery in town were saved from being developed into a residential complex, and the city council pledged to preserve the cemetery, restore the original gate with Hebrew inscription, and build a fence around the property.[6] Plans to build the residential complex were originally halted in 2014 when residents of the nearby Jewish community of Warsaw, as well as activist Robert Augustyniak, protested the plan.[7]

Demography

Sights

Sights of Grodzisk (examples)
Baroque Saint Anne church
Baroque Skarbek manor house
Foksal Villa
Józef Chełmoński Monument
  • Foksal Villa, built in 1845 in a shape of a small locomotive. It was built right after launching the first part of the Warsaw–Vienna railway. The building is situated next to the old railway station.
  • Baroque St. Anne's Parish Church was established in 1687. In the church, there are numerous examples of sacred paintings from the 18th century.
  • Baroque Holy Cross Chapel, built in 1713 as a gesture of gratitude for the end of cholera epidemic. In 1995 the Chapel was moved next to the St. Anne's Church.
  • Baroque Skarbek manor house, constructed in the 18th century. Dating from 1869 it was the residence of the Skarbek family. Today, the building serves as a National Music School of the first degree.
  • Old Jewish cemetery, established in the 18th century
  • Historic villas, including the Milusin Villa, Niespodzianka Villa, Radogoszcz Villa, Kaprys Villa, Kniaziew Villa, Janówek Villa
  • Józef Chełmoński Monument

Recreational areas

Sister City

References

  1. ^ pl:Grodzisk Mazowiecki
  2. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945 (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 615. ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
  3. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945. p. 374.
  4. ^ a b Sudilovsky, Judith (October 6, 2008). "Catholic to be honored posthumously for saving Jews during Holocaust". The Catholic Voice. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  5. ^ a b Lefkovitz, Etgar (September 18, 2008). "94-year-old Holocaust survivor reconnects with family that saved her life". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  6. ^ "Polish town saves Jewish cemetery from developers". 22 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Polish town reconsidering plan to turn Jewish cemetery into apartment complex". 26 November 2014.
  8. ^ "Radviliskis". Radviliskis. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grodzisk Mazowiecki.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Grodzisk_Mazowiecki&oldid=1252634834"