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{{Short description|Battle between Syria and Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War}}
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict =Battle of Sultan Yacoub
| conflict = Battle of Sultan Yacoub
|partof =the [[1982 Lebanon War]]
| partof = the [[1982 Lebanon War]] and [[Lebanese Civil War]]
|image = Tank Museum, KubinkaDSC02358.JPG
| image = Tank Museum, KubinkaDSC02358.JPG
|caption = A captured Israeli [[Explosive reactive armor|ERA]]-equipped M48 Patton tank on display at the [[Kubinka Tank Museum]] in Russia, very likely given to Russia by Syria after the battle.
| caption = A captured Israeli [[Explosive reactive armor|ERA]]-equipped M48 Patton tank on display at the [[Kubinka Tank Museum]] in Russia, very likely given to Russia by Syria after the battle.
|date =June 10, 1982
| date = June 10, 1982
|place =Near [[Sultan Yacoub]], [[Bekaa]] [[Lebanon]]
| place = Near [[Sultan Yacoub]], [[Bekaa]] [[Lebanon]]
|casus =
| casus =
|territory =
| territory =
|result =Tactical Syrian victory
| result = Tactical Syrian victory
|combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}}
|combatant2 = {{flag|Syria}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Syria}}
|commander1 = {{flagicon|Israel}}Brig. Gen. Gioria Lev
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Israel}} Brig. Gen. [[Giora Lev]]
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Syria}} Gen. Ali Mohammad Habib Mahmood
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Syria}} Gen. [[Ali Habib Mahmud]]<br>{{flagicon|Syria}} Gen. [[Shafiq Fayadh]]
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Syrian Arab Army Flag.svg}} [[Syrian Army]]
⚫
|strength1 =
* [[1st Armoured Division (Syria)|1st Armoured Division]]
⚫
|strength2 =
* [[3rd Armoured Division (Syria)|3rd Armoured Division]]
⚫
|casualties1 =30 killed<br>3 missing<br>10 tanks lost<br>3 APCs destroyed
| units1 = {{armed forces|Israel}}
⚫
|casualties2 = Unknown
*90th Division
⚫
| strength1 =
⚫
| strength2 =
⚫
| casualties1 = 30 killed<br/>3 missing<br/>10 tanks lost<br/>3 APCs destroyed
⚫
| casualties2 = Unknown
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox 1982 Lebanon War}}
{{Campaignbox 1982 Lebanon War}}
Line 24: Line 30:


== Background ==
== Background ==
At the beginning of the invasion Israeli Brig. Gen. [[Giora Lev]]’s 90th Division passed through [[Marjayoun]] and took up positions around [[Kaukaba]] and [[Hasbaiya]]. From there it began to push the Syrian 76th and 91st Armored Brigade, of the 10th Division, north up the Bekaa Valley towards [[Joub Jannine]].<ref name=Solley>{{Cite conference | first = Maj. George C. | last = Solley | date = May 10, 1987 | title = The Israeli Experience In Lebanon, 1982-1985 | conference = War Since 1945 Seminar | publisher = Marine Corps Command and Staff College | location = Quantico, VA | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1987/SGC.htm | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
At the beginning of the invasion Israeli Brig. Gen. [[Giora Lev]]’s 90th Division passed through [[Marjayoun]] and took up positions around [[Kaukaba]] and [[Hasbaiya]]. From there it began to push the Syrian 76th and 91st Armored Brigade, of the 10th Division, north up the Bekaa Valley towards [[Joub Jannine]].<ref name=Solley>{{Cite conference | first = Maj. George C. | last = Solley | date = May 10, 1987 | title = The Israeli Experience In Lebanon, 1982–1985 | conference = War Since 1945 Seminar | publisher = Marine Corps Command and Staff College | location = Quantico, VA | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1987/SGC.htm }}</ref>
<ref name=ACIG>{{cite web|first1=Tom|last1=Cooper|first2=Yaser|last2=al-Abed|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_279.shtml|title=Syrian Tank-Hunters in Lebanon, 1982|accessdate=October 28, 2011|date=September 26, 2003}}</ref> The Syrians made skillful use of their [[Gazelle helicopter]]s to support the delaying action, firing [[Euromissile HOT|HOT]] missiles into the long columns of Israeli vehicles stretched out along the roads.<ref name=Solley/><ref name=ACIG/>
<ref name=ACIG>{{cite web|first1=Tom|last1=Cooper|first2=Yaser|last2=al-Abed|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_279.shtml|title=Syrian Tank-Hunters in Lebanon, 1982|accessdate=October 28, 2011|date=September 26, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321015417/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_279.shtml|archive-date=21 March 2008}}</ref> The Syrians made skillful use of their [[Gazelle helicopter]]s to support the delaying action, firing [[Euromissile HOT|HOT]] missiles into the long columns of Israeli vehicles stretched out along the roads.<ref name=Solley/><ref name=ACIG/>
<ref name=Thomas>{{cite conference | first = Maj. M. Thomas | last = Davis| date = April 1, 1985 | title = Lebanon 1982: The Imbalance of Political Ends and Military Means | conference = War Since 1945 Seminar | publisher = Marine Corps Command and Staff College | location = Quantico, VA | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/DTM.htm }}</ref>
<ref name=Thomas>{{cite conference | first = Maj. M. Thomas | last = Davis| date = April 1, 1985 | title = Lebanon 1982: The Imbalance of Political Ends and Military Means | conference = War Since 1945 Seminar | publisher = Marine Corps Command and Staff College | location = Quantico, VA | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/DTM.htm }}</ref>
Israel countered with its own [[Bell AH-1 Cobra|Cobra]] helicopters, used against both ground targets and the Gazelles.<ref name=Solley/><ref name=ACIG/>
Israel countered with its own [[Bell AH-1 Cobra|Cobra]] helicopters, used against both ground targets and the Gazelles.<ref name=Solley/><ref name=ACIG/>

== Battle ==
== Battle ==
On June 10 the Israeli 90th Division was rushed forward in order to gain as much ground as possible before the cease-fire came into effect. Late that night most of its 362nd Battalion as well as Pluga Kaph from the 363rd Battalion fought its way through Syrian infantry in the village of Sultan Yacoub only to become cut off and surrounded. At dawn, the Israelis broke out and escaped to the south with the support of 11 battalions of artillery firing both at the Syrians and in a box barrage around their own troops. In the six-hours ordeal the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Army]] lost eight tanks and about 30 killed.<ref name=Thomas/> The Israelis failed to destroy the disabled [[M48 Patton|M48A3]] Magach-3 tanks they left behind and they were recovered the next day by the Syrians.<ref name=Solley/>
On June 10 the Israeli 90th Division was rushed forward in order to gain as much ground as possible before the cease-fire came into effect. Late that night most of its 362nd Battalion as well as Pluga Kaph from the 363rd Battalion fought its way through Syrian infantry in the village of Sultan Yacoub only to become cut off and surrounded. At dawn, the Israelis broke out and escaped to the south with the support of 11 battalions of artillery firing both at the Syrians and in a box barrage around their own troops. In the six-hours ordeal the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Army]] lost 10 tanks and about 30 killed.<ref name=Thomas/> The Israelis failed to destroy the disabled [[M48 Patton|M48A3]] Magach-3 tanks they left behind and they were recovered the next day by the Syrians.<ref name=Solley/>

==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
Thirty IDF soldiers died in the battle, which was viewed as an Israeli [[intelligence failure]].<ref name=Thomas/><ref name=ACIG/> Three IDF soldiers remain missing in action: [[Zachary Baumel]], Yehuda Katz and [[Zvi Feldman]]. The three soldiers were captured and were paraded through Damascus held on top of their captured tank. Time magazine reporter [[Dean Brelis]] testified to having seen the three captives alive at the time.<ref>[http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/sultan-yakub.htm Бой у Султан-Яакуб] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118070340/http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/sultan-yakub.htm |date=2015-01-18 }}</ref>
Thirty IDF soldiers died in the battle, which was viewed as an Israeli [[intelligence failure]].<ref name=Thomas/><ref name=ACIG/> Five IDF soldiers were missing in action: [[Zechariah Baumel|Zachary Baumel]], Yehuda Katz, Zvi Feldman, Ariel Lieberman, and [[Hezi Shai]].<ref name=background/> The first three soldiers were reportedly paraded through Damascus atop their captured tank; ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' reporter [[Dean Brelis]] testified to having seen the three captives alive at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/sultan-yakub.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118070340/http://www.waronline.org/IDF/Articles/sultan-yakub.htm|url-status=dead|title=Бой у Султан-Яакуб|archivedate=January 18, 2015}}</ref> Baumel's body was recovered in a secret military operation in 2019.<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/After-37-years-the-body-of-SgtZachary-Baumel-has-returned-to-Israel-585650 After 37 Years, the Body of Sgt. Zachary Baumel has Returned to Israel], JPost, 3 April 2019</ref> Lieberman was returned to Israel in a prisoner exchange in June 1984.<ref name=background>{{cite web |url=https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1996/pages/background%20on%20missing%20israeli%20soldiers%20-%2021-jul-96.aspx|title=Background on Missing Israeli Soldiers|author=IDF Spokesman's Office|date=July 21, 1996|accessdate=October 16, 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref> Feldman and Katz remain missing in action.

Tank commander Hezi Shai was presumed dead by the Israeli defense establishment.<ref name=haaretz1>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5044066|title=Going Home Again (Part 1)|first=Esti|last=Ahronovitz|newspaper=Haaretz |date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=May 10, 2019}}</ref> Two and a half years later, his whereabouts were discovered in [[Damascus]], where he was being held by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command]] (PFLP-GC), a pro-Syria Palestinian militant organization led by [[Ahmed Jibril]].<ref name=haaretz2>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5044076|title=Going Home Again (Part 2)|first=Esti|last=Ahronovitz |date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=October 16, 2019|work=Haaretz}}</ref> Shai's repatriation was [[Jibril Agreement|negotiated]] together with that of two other captured Israeli soldiers, Yosef Grof and Nissim Salem, through mediator and Austrian diplomat Dr. Herbert Amry, in return for 1,150 Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners being held by Israel. Shai was returned to Israel in May 1985.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-05-21-8502010342-story.html|title=Israel Pays High Price in Arab Swap|first=Mark|last=Lavie|date=May 21, 1985|accessdate=May 10, 2019|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref>

==Legacy==
==Legacy==
The battle is still widely commemorated and remembered in Syria. A large painting depicting the battle is displayed in the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Damascus)|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] in [[Damascus]], among other paintings depicting other significant battles in Arab and Syrian history,<ref name=mahmoud>{{citeweb|url=http://www.mahmoudhammad.com/graphics-2/|title=Monuments – Mahmoud Hammad}}</ref> and one of the Israeli M48 Patton tanks captured during the battle is now on display at the [[October War Panorama]] in Damascus, with another on display in the [[Kubinka Tank Museum]] in Russia, most likely donated by Syria due to their extremely-close bilateral ties.<ref name=ACIG/>
The battle is still widely commemorated and remembered in Syria. A large painting depicting the battle is displayed in the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Damascus)|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] in [[Damascus]], among other paintings depicting other significant battles in Arab and Syrian history,<ref name=mahmoud>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mahmoudhammad.com/graphics-2|title=Monuments|website=Mahmoud Hammad}}</ref> and one of the Israeli M48 Patton tanks captured during the battle is now on display at the [[October War Panorama]] in Damascus, with another on display in the [[Kubinka Tank Museum]] in Russia, most likely donated by Syria due to their extremely-close bilateral ties.<ref name=ACIG/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{coord|33|36|55|N|35|51|10|E|region:SY_type:landmark_source:kolossus-hewiki|display=title}}
{{coord|33|36|55|N|35|51|10|E|region:SY_type:landmark_source:kolossus-hewiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Sultan Yacoub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Yacoub 1982}}
[[Category:1982 Lebanon War]]
[[Category:1982 Lebanon War]]
[[Category:Battles of the Lebanese Civil War]]
[[Category:Battles of the Lebanese Civil War]]
[[Category:Battles in 1982|Sultan Yacoub]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving Israel]]
[[Category:Battles involving Syria]]
[[Category:Syria in the Arab–Israeli conflict]]
[[Category:Lebanon–Syria relations]]
[[Category:Beqaa Valley]]
[[Category:June 1982 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Western Beqaa District]]

Latest revision as of 12:53, 22 October 2024

Battle of Sultan Yacoub
Part of the 1982 Lebanon War and Lebanese Civil War

A captured Israeli ERA-equipped M48 Patton tank on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum in Russia, very likely given to Russia by Syria after the battle.
DateJune 10, 1982
Location
Near Sultan Yacoub, Bekaa Lebanon
Result Tactical Syrian victory
Belligerents
 Israel  Syria
Commanders and leaders
Israel Brig. Gen. Giora Lev Syria Gen. Ali Habib Mahmud
Syria Gen. Shafiq Fayadh
Units involved

 Israel Defense Forces

  • 90th Division

Syrian Army

Casualties and losses
30 killed
3 missing
10 tanks lost
3 APCs destroyed		 Unknown

The Battle of Sultan Yacoub was a battle between Syria and Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War, which occurred near the village of Sultan Yacoub in the Lebanese Bekaa, close to the borders with Syria.

Background

At the beginning of the invasion Israeli Brig. Gen. Giora Lev’s 90th Division passed through Marjayoun and took up positions around Kaukaba and Hasbaiya. From there it began to push the Syrian 76th and 91st Armored Brigade, of the 10th Division, north up the Bekaa Valley towards Joub Jannine.[1] [2] The Syrians made skillful use of their Gazelle helicopters to support the delaying action, firing HOT missiles into the long columns of Israeli vehicles stretched out along the roads.[1][2] [3] Israel countered with its own Cobra helicopters, used against both ground targets and the Gazelles.[1][2]

Battle

On June 10 the Israeli 90th Division was rushed forward in order to gain as much ground as possible before the cease-fire came into effect. Late that night most of its 362nd Battalion as well as Pluga Kaph from the 363rd Battalion fought its way through Syrian infantry in the village of Sultan Yacoub only to become cut off and surrounded. At dawn, the Israelis broke out and escaped to the south with the support of 11 battalions of artillery firing both at the Syrians and in a box barrage around their own troops. In the six-hours ordeal the Israeli Army lost 10 tanks and about 30 killed.[3] The Israelis failed to destroy the disabled M48A3 Magach-3 tanks they left behind and they were recovered the next day by the Syrians.[1]

Aftermath

Thirty IDF soldiers died in the battle, which was viewed as an Israeli intelligence failure.[3][2] Five IDF soldiers were missing in action: Zachary Baumel, Yehuda Katz, Zvi Feldman, Ariel Lieberman, and Hezi Shai.[4] The first three soldiers were reportedly paraded through Damascus atop their captured tank; Time reporter Dean Brelis testified to having seen the three captives alive at the time.[5] Baumel's body was recovered in a secret military operation in 2019.[6] Lieberman was returned to Israel in a prisoner exchange in June 1984.[4] Feldman and Katz remain missing in action.

Tank commander Hezi Shai was presumed dead by the Israeli defense establishment.[7] Two and a half years later, his whereabouts were discovered in Damascus, where he was being held by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), a pro-Syria Palestinian militant organization led by Ahmed Jibril.[8] Shai's repatriation was negotiated together with that of two other captured Israeli soldiers, Yosef Grof and Nissim Salem, through mediator and Austrian diplomat Dr. Herbert Amry, in return for 1,150 Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners being held by Israel. Shai was returned to Israel in May 1985.[9]

Legacy

The battle is still widely commemorated and remembered in Syria. A large painting depicting the battle is displayed in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Damascus, among other paintings depicting other significant battles in Arab and Syrian history,[10] and one of the Israeli M48 Patton tanks captured during the battle is now on display at the October War Panorama in Damascus, with another on display in the Kubinka Tank Museum in Russia, most likely donated by Syria due to their extremely-close bilateral ties.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Solley, Maj. George C. (May 10, 1987). The Israeli Experience In Lebanon, 1982–1985. War Since 1945 Seminar. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Command and Staff College.
  2. ^ a b c d e Cooper, Tom; al-Abed, Yaser (September 26, 2003). "Syrian Tank-Hunters in Lebanon, 1982". Archived from the original on 21 March 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Davis, Maj. M. Thomas (April 1, 1985). Lebanon 1982: The Imbalance of Political Ends and Military Means. War Since 1945 Seminar. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Command and Staff College.
  4. ^ a b IDF Spokesman's Office (July 21, 1996). "Background on Missing Israeli Soldiers". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  5. ^ "Бой у Султан-Яакуб". Archived from the original on January 18, 2015.
  6. ^ After 37 Years, the Body of Sgt. Zachary Baumel has Returned to Israel, JPost, 3 April 2019
  7. ^ Ahronovitz, Esti (March 18, 2010). "Going Home Again (Part 1)". Haaretz. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. ^ Ahronovitz, Esti (March 18, 2010). "Going Home Again (Part 2)". Haaretz. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  9. ^ Lavie, Mark (May 21, 1985). "Israel Pays High Price in Arab Swap". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  10. ^ "Monuments". Mahmoud Hammad.

33°36′55″N 35°51′10″E / 33.61528°N 35.85278°E / 33.61528; 35.85278

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