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{{Short description|Ottoman Greek banker and benefactor}}
{{other people||Zografos (disambiguation)}}
{{other people||Zografos (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Christakis Zografos
| name = Christakis Zografos
| honorific-suffix = {{Lang|tr|[[Efendi]]|italic=no}}
| image = Christakis_Zografos.jpg
| image = Christakis_Zografos.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Portrait of Christakis Zografos
| caption = Portrait of Christakis Zografos
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1820
| birth_date = 1820
| birth_place = [[Qestorat]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (now in [[Albania]])
| birth_place = [[Qestorat]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (now in [[Albania]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1898|08|19|1820|12|06}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1898|08|19|1820|12|06}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place_coordinates =
⚫
| nationality = [[Ottoman Greeks|Ottoman Greek]]
| residence =
⚫
| other_names =
⚫
| nationality = [[Ottoman Greeks|Greek ethnicity, Ottoman citizen]]
| known_for = Philanthropy
⚫
| other_names =
| known_for = Benefaction
| education =
| education =
| employer =
| employer =
| occupation = Banker
| occupation = Banker
| title =
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'''Christakis Zografos''' ({{lang-el|Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος}}; {{lang-tr|Hristaki Zoğrafos}}; 1820 – 19 August 1898<ref>Archives de Paris, Etat-civil, Décès, 1893-1902, XVIe arr., n° 865.</ref>) was a [[Greeks|Greek]]<ref>{{cite book | first=Kemal H. | last=Karpat | year= 2001 | title= The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state | publisher= Oxford University Press US |isbn= 978-0-19-513618-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PvVlS3ljx20C&dq= | authorlink= |page= 325 |quote= With financial support from the Greek government and rich Greeks, including Abdulhamid's own friends, G. Zarifis, the banker, and Christaki Effendi Zographos...}}</ref> banker holding [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] citizenship, benefactor and one of the distinguished personalities of the Greek community of [[Constantinople]] (modern [[Istanbul]]).
'''Christakis Zografos''' ({{langx|el|Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος}}, {{langx|tr|Hristaki Zoğrafos Efendi}}; 1820 – 19 August 1898<ref>Archives de Paris, Etat-civil, Décès, 1893-1902, XVIe arr., n° 865.</ref>) was an [[Ottoman Greeks|Ottoman Greek]]<ref>{{cite book | first=Kemal H. | last=Karpat | year= 2001 | title= The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state | publisher= Oxford University Press US |isbn= 978-0-19-513618-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PvVlS3ljx20C |page= 325 |quote= With financial support from the Greek government and rich Greeks, including Abdulhamid's own friends, G. Zarifis, the banker, and Christaki Effendi Zographos...}}</ref> banker, benefactor and one of the distinguished personalities of the Greek community of [[Constantinople]] (modern [[Istanbul]]).


==Early years-Career==
==Early life and career==
Zografos was born in the village of [[Qestorat]] in southern [[Albania]] ([[Northern Epirus]]), when the region was under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule.<ref>[http://www.epirus-history.gr/main/%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82-1820-1896/ Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος (1820-1896)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721080541/http://www.epirus-history.gr/main/%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82-1820-1896/ |date=July 21, 2011 }}. "Καταγόταν από την Ήπειρο αλλά εργαζόταν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ως τραπεζίτης. Ήταν ένας από τους κύριους συντελεστές της ίδρυσης της Γενικής εταιρείας του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Στήριξε οικονομικά την ελληνική παιδεία και συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξή της. Προσέφερε γενναίες δωρεές σε κάθε τομέα των γραμμάτων και των επιστημών. Επίσης, ίδρυσε τα «Ζωγράφεια» ιδρύματα." Accessed: December 3, 2008.</ref> He attended the [[Zosimaia School]] in [[Ioannina]] and then went to [[Istanbul]] to join his father's business there. He was initially a co-partner in a small money changing stand at [[Galata]].<ref>Ruches (1967) p. 81</ref> During 1854-1881, Christakis became one of the major creditors of the Ottoman state.<ref>Fatma Müge Göçek. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iIxt8KT4NzQC&dq=christaki%2Bottoman&hl=el&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Rise of the bourgeoisie, demise of empire: Ottoman westernization and social change'']. Oxford University Press US, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-19-509925-6}} p. 178.</ref> Zografos became one of the leading banker and financiers and president of the Ottoman capital's trolley company. He was awarded by three sultans and sat on the Imperial Board of Estimate and served as president of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Clerico-Lay Advisory Board. Because of the social status he acquired among the society of the Ottoman capital he was widely known as Christakis [[Effendi]] (Lord Christakis).
Zografos was born in the village of [[Qestorat]] in southern [[Albania]], when the region was under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule.<ref>[http://www.epirus-history.gr/main/%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82-1820-1896/ Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος (1820-1896)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721080541/http://www.epirus-history.gr/main/%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82-1820-1896/ |date=July 21, 2011 }}. "Καταγόταν από την Ήπειρο αλλά εργαζόταν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ως τραπεζίτης. Ήταν ένας από τους κύριους συντελεστές της ίδρυσης της Γενικής εταιρείας του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Στήριξε οικονομικά την ελληνική παιδεία και συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξή της. Προσέφερε γενναίες δωρεές σε κάθε τομέα των γραμμάτων και των επιστημών. Επίσης, ίδρυσε τα «Ζωγράφεια» ιδρύματα." Accessed: December 3, 2008.</ref> He attended the [[Zosimaia School]] in [[Ioannina]] and then went to [[Istanbul|Constantinople]] to join his father's business there. He was initially a co-partner in a small money changing stand at [[Galata]].<ref>Ruches (1967) p. 81</ref> During 1854–1881, Zografos became one of the major creditors of the Ottoman state.<ref>Fatma Müge Göçek. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iIxt8KT4NzQC&q=christaki%2Bottoman ''Rise of the bourgeoisie, demise of empire: Ottoman westernization and social change'']. Oxford University Press US, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-19-509925-6}} p. 178.</ref> He also became one of its leading bankers and financiers and president of the Ottoman capital's trolley company. He was awarded by three sultans, sat on the Imperial Board of Estimate and served as president of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Clerico-Lay Advisory Board. Because of his high social status he was widely known as Christakis [[Effendi|Efendi]] (Lord Christakis).


Following the Fire of Pera in 1870, Zoğrafos purchased the damaged [[Naum Theatre]] and had it rebuilt as what is now the [[Çiçek Pasajı]].
==Benefaction==
⚫
Christakis Zografos donated huge fortunes and lavishly endowed educational and other community facilities to the Greek communities living in regions that belonged, at that time, to the [[Ottoman empire]].<ref>Braude Benjamin, Lewis Bernard. [https://books.google.com/books?lr=&hl=el&as_brr=0&id=1FVtAAAAMAAJ&dq= ''Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The central lands. v. 2. The Arabic-speaking lands'']. Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982. {{ISBN|978-0-8419-0519-1}}, p. 196</ref>


Zografos was known as Sultan Murad V's personal jeweller. After the successful coup against Sultan Abdülaziz, he was entrusted with the sultan's jewellery collection as it was assumed it would not fetch its true value in Constantinople. Zografos was sent to France to try and sell it and never returned to the city. [10]
⚫
He offered an enormous amount of money for the erection of middle level schools in Constantinople, the one ([[Zographeion Lyceum]]) in the district of [[Beyoğlu]] (Pera) in Constantinople and the other a female school in [[Yeniköy, Istanbul|Yeniköy]] on the [[Bosporus]], both schools were called 'Zografeion' after him.<ref>Alexandrēs Alexēs. [https://books.google.com/books?lr=&hl=el&as_brr=0&id=NjNpAAAAMAAJ&dq= ''The Greek minority of Istanbul and Greek-Turkish relations, 1918-1974'']. Center for Asia Minor Studies, 1983, p. 47</ref> Moreover, sponsored the rebuilding of a Greek library in the city. At the Universities of Munich and Paris he made a 1,000 Franc endowment for awards in the fields of Greek literature and history.<ref>Ruches (1967) p. 82</ref>


==Philanthropy==
⚫
In his home place in [[Epirus]] he founded a male and female teachers college ([[Zographeion College]]) where the graduates became Greek language teachers. Zografos offered on annual base scholarships to 60 assiduous students (30 females and 30 males) that came from poor families, with complete coverage of their living costs.
⚫
Zografos lavishly endowed educational and other facilities for the Greek communities living in regions that belonged, at that time, to the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>Braude Benjamin, Lewis Bernard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1FVtAAAAMAAJ ''Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The central lands. v. 2. The Arabic-speaking lands'']. Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982. {{ISBN|978-0-8419-0519-1}}, p. 196</ref>


⚫
He offered large sums of money for the establishment of two middle schools in Constantinople: one in [[Beyoğlu]] (Pera), the other a school for girls in [[Yeniköy, Istanbul|Yeniköy]] on the [[Bosporus|Bosphorus]]. Both were called [[Zographeion Lyceum]] in his memory.<ref>Alexandrēs Alexēs. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NjNpAAAAMAAJ ''The Greek minority of Istanbul and Greek-Turkish relations, 1918-1974'']. Center for Asia Minor Studies, 1983, p. 47</ref> He also sponsored the rebuilding of a Greek library in the city and gave 1,000-franc endowments to the universities of Munich and Paris for awards in the fields of Greek literature and history.<ref>Ruches (1967) p. 82</ref>
⚫
Other grants went to the Patriarchate's [[Halki seminary]] on [[Heybeliada]] (Halki), while he was awarded with the Gold Cross of the Ecumenical Patriarch [[Patriarch Joachim II of Constantinople|Joachim II]].

⚫
In his birthplace he founded another [[Zographeion College]] where the male and female graduates became Greek language teachers. Zografos also offered annual scholarships to 60 students (30 females and 30 males) from poor families to cover their living costs while they studied.

⚫
Other grants went to the Patriarchate's [[Halki seminary]] on [[Heybeliada]] (Halki). In recognition he was awarded the Gold Cross of the Ecumenical Patriarch [[Patriarch Joachim II of Constantinople|Joachim II]].


His son [[Georgios Christakis-Zografos]] became a notable diplomat, politician and head of the [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] (1914).
His son [[Georgios Christakis-Zografos]] became a notable diplomat, politician and head of the [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] (1914).


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
[[Image:Istanbul Çiçek Pasajı - Cité de Pera.jpg|thumb|The main entrance of [[Çiçek Pasajı]] (''Cité de [[Beyoğlu|Péra]]'') on [[İstiklal Avenue]]]]
During the [[Socialist People's Republic of Albania|Communist regime]] in Albania (1945–1992), Zografos and his son G. Christakis-Zografos, were stigmatised as 'enemies of the state'. Anyone from his home town who held the name 'Zografos' (whether relatives or not), was therefore persecuted. After 1992 however, the situation has changed. Today, the Zografeio school in Qestorati, founded by himself, has been renovated and has reopened as a museum.<ref>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/57/25/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf ...were stigmatised in Albanian historiography as shovinistë and borgjezë (chauvinist, bourgeois) who had worked to destroy the Albanian nation by pretending that all Orthodox Christians were Greek or should be Greek, and by supporting the opening of Greek schools in Lunxhëri and elsewhere. In consequence of this negative propaganda, the last people who still hold the family name Zografi in their village of origin, Qestorat, were persecuted during communism....its re-opening as a museum of Lunxhëri...</ref>
Under the [[Socialist People's Republic of Albania|Communist regime]] in Albania (1945–1992), Zografos and his son were labelled 'enemies of the state'. Anyone from his home town who held the name Zografos, whether they were related or not, was also persecuted. After 1992, however, the situation changed and today the Zographeion school in Qestorati has been renovated and reopened as a museum.<ref>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/57/25/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf ...were stigmatised in Albanian historiography as shovinistë and borgjezë (chauvinist, bourgeois) who had worked to destroy the Albanian nation by pretending that all Orthodox Christians were Greek or should be Greek, and by supporting the opening of Greek schools in Lunxhëri and elsewhere. In consequence of this negative propaganda, the last people who still hold the family name Zografi in their village of origin, Qestorat, were persecuted during communism....its re-opening as a museum of Lunxhëri...</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 67: Line 68:


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}10. Yilmaz Öztuna. ''Bir darbenin anatomisi.'' 1982, p111
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
| quotes =
| last = Pepelasis Minoglou
| last = Pepelasis Minoglou
| first = Ioanna
| first = Ioanna
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
|date= October 2002
|date= October 2002
| title = Ethnic minority groups in international banking: Greek diaspora bankers of Constantinople and Ottoman state finances, c. 1840–81
| title = Ethnic minority groups in international banking: Greek diaspora bankers of Constantinople and Ottoman state finances, c. 1840–81
| journal = Financial History Review, Cambridge University Press
| journal = Financial History Review
| volume = 9
| volume = 9
| issue = 2
| issue = 2
| pages = 125–146
| pages = 125–146
| doi = 10.1017/S0968565002000112
| doi = 10.1017/S0968565002000112
| url =
| s2cid = 154756950
| type =PDF
| type =PDF
}}
}}
*{{cite book | first=Pyrrhus J. | last=Ruches| year= 1967 | title= Albanian historical folksongs 1716-1943 | publisher= Argonaut Inc. |isbn= | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9H9CAAAAIAAJ&q | authorlink=}}
*{{cite book | first=Pyrrhus J. | last=Ruches| year= 1967 | title= Albanian historical folksongs 1716-1943 | publisher= Argonaut Inc. | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9H9CAAAAIAAJ }}
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal
| author=Seni Nora
| last=Seni | first=Nora
| title=The Camondos and Their Imprint on 19th-Century Istanbul
| title=The Camondos and Their Imprint on 19th-Century Istanbul
| jstor=163808|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies | volume = 26| issue = 4 |date=November 1994 |pages = 663–675 | doi=10.1017/s002074380006116x}}
| jstor=163808|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies | volume = 26| issue = 4 |date=November 1994 |pages = 663–675 | doi=10.1017/s002074380006116x| s2cid=162792425
| url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00145621/file/ijmes_total.pdf
}}


{{Northern Epirus}}
{{Northern Epirus}}
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[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gjirokastër]]
[[Category:People from Gjirokastër]]
[[Category:Northern Epirotes]]
[[Category:Bankers from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Greek bankers]]
[[Category:Greek philanthropists]]
[[Category:Greek philanthropists]]
[[Category:Greeks of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Greeks from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Zosimaia school alumni]]
[[Category:Zosimaia School alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century philanthropists]]

Latest revision as of 13:15, 22 October 2024

For other people with the same name, see Zografos (disambiguation).
Christakis Zografos
Efendi
Portrait of Christakis Zografos
Born1820
Qestorat, Ottoman Empire (now in Albania)
DiedAugust 19, 1898(1898-08-19) (aged 77)
Paris, France
NationalityOttoman Greek
OccupationBanker
Known forPhilanthropy

Christakis Zografos (Greek: Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος, Turkish: Hristaki Zoğrafos Efendi; 1820 – 19 August 1898[1]) was an Ottoman Greek[2] banker, benefactor and one of the distinguished personalities of the Greek community of Constantinople (modern Istanbul).

Early life and career

[edit]

Zografos was born in the village of Qestorat in southern Albania, when the region was under Ottoman rule.[3] He attended the Zosimaia School in Ioannina and then went to Constantinople to join his father's business there. He was initially a co-partner in a small money changing stand at Galata.[4] During 1854–1881, Zografos became one of the major creditors of the Ottoman state.[5] He also became one of its leading bankers and financiers and president of the Ottoman capital's trolley company. He was awarded by three sultans, sat on the Imperial Board of Estimate and served as president of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Clerico-Lay Advisory Board. Because of his high social status he was widely known as Christakis Efendi (Lord Christakis).

Following the Fire of Pera in 1870, Zoğrafos purchased the damaged Naum Theatre and had it rebuilt as what is now the Çiçek Pasajı.

Zografos was known as Sultan Murad V's personal jeweller. After the successful coup against Sultan Abdülaziz, he was entrusted with the sultan's jewellery collection as it was assumed it would not fetch its true value in Constantinople. Zografos was sent to France to try and sell it and never returned to the city. [10]

Philanthropy

[edit]

Zografos lavishly endowed educational and other facilities for the Greek communities living in regions that belonged, at that time, to the Ottoman Empire.[6]

He offered large sums of money for the establishment of two middle schools in Constantinople: one in Beyoğlu (Pera), the other a school for girls in Yeniköy on the Bosphorus. Both were called Zographeion Lyceum in his memory.[7] He also sponsored the rebuilding of a Greek library in the city and gave 1,000-franc endowments to the universities of Munich and Paris for awards in the fields of Greek literature and history.[8]

In his birthplace he founded another Zographeion College where the male and female graduates became Greek language teachers. Zografos also offered annual scholarships to 60 students (30 females and 30 males) from poor families to cover their living costs while they studied.

Other grants went to the Patriarchate's Halki seminary on Heybeliada (Halki). In recognition he was awarded the Gold Cross of the Ecumenical Patriarch Joachim II.

His son Georgios Christakis-Zografos became a notable diplomat, politician and head of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914).

Legacy

[edit]
The main entrance of Çiçek Pasajı (Cité de Péra) on İstiklal Avenue

Under the Communist regime in Albania (1945–1992), Zografos and his son were labelled 'enemies of the state'. Anyone from his home town who held the name Zografos, whether they were related or not, was also persecuted. After 1992, however, the situation changed and today the Zographeion school in Qestorati has been renovated and reopened as a museum.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Archives de Paris, Etat-civil, Décès, 1893-1902, XVIe arr., n° 865.
  2. ^ Karpat, Kemal H. (2001). The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state. Oxford University Press US. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-19-513618-0. With financial support from the Greek government and rich Greeks, including Abdulhamid's own friends, G. Zarifis, the banker, and Christaki Effendi Zographos...
  3. ^ Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος (1820-1896) Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. "Καταγόταν από την Ήπειρο αλλά εργαζόταν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ως τραπεζίτης. Ήταν ένας από τους κύριους συντελεστές της ίδρυσης της Γενικής εταιρείας του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Στήριξε οικονομικά την ελληνική παιδεία και συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξή της. Προσέφερε γενναίες δωρεές σε κάθε τομέα των γραμμάτων και των επιστημών. Επίσης, ίδρυσε τα «Ζωγράφεια» ιδρύματα." Accessed: December 3, 2008.
  4. ^ Ruches (1967) p. 81
  5. ^ Fatma Müge Göçek. Rise of the bourgeoisie, demise of empire: Ottoman westernization and social change. Oxford University Press US, 1996. ISBN 978-0-19-509925-6 p. 178.
  6. ^ Braude Benjamin, Lewis Bernard. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The central lands. v. 2. The Arabic-speaking lands. Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982. ISBN 978-0-8419-0519-1, p. 196
  7. ^ Alexandrēs Alexēs. The Greek minority of Istanbul and Greek-Turkish relations, 1918-1974. Center for Asia Minor Studies, 1983, p. 47
  8. ^ Ruches (1967) p. 82
  9. ^ http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/57/25/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf ...were stigmatised in Albanian historiography as shovinistë and borgjezë (chauvinist, bourgeois) who had worked to destroy the Albanian nation by pretending that all Orthodox Christians were Greek or should be Greek, and by supporting the opening of Greek schools in Lunxhëri and elsewhere. In consequence of this negative propaganda, the last people who still hold the family name Zografi in their village of origin, Qestorat, were persecuted during communism....its re-opening as a museum of Lunxhëri...

10. Yilmaz Öztuna. Bir darbenin anatomisi. 1982, p111

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Christakis_Zografos&oldid=1252674490"