222: Difference between revisions

222 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	222; CCXXII
Ab urbe condita	975
Assyrian calendar	4972
Balinese saka calendar	143–144
Bengali calendar	−371
Berber calendar	1172
Buddhist calendar	766
Burmese calendar	−416
Byzantine calendar	5730–5731
Chinese calendar	辛丑年 (Metal Ox); 2919 or 2712; — to —; 壬寅年 (Water Tiger); 2920 or 2713
Coptic calendar	−62 – −61
Discordian calendar	1388
Ethiopian calendar	214–215
Hebrew calendar	3982–3983
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	278–279
- Shaka Samvat	143–144
- Kali Yuga	3322–3323
Holocene calendar	10222
Iranian calendar	400 BP – 399 BP
Islamic calendar	412 BH – 411 BH
Javanese calendar	100–101
Julian calendar	222; CCXXII
Korean calendar	2555
Minguo calendar	1690 before ROC; 民前1690年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1246
Seleucid era	533/534 AG
Thai solar calendar	764–765
Tibetan calendar	阴金牛年; (female Iron-Ox); 348 or −33 or −805; — to —; 阳水虎年; (male Water-Tiger); 349 or −32 or −804

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	2nd century; 3rd century ; 4th century;
Decades:	200s; 210s; 220s ; 230s; 240s;
Years:	219; 220; 221; 222 ; 223; 224; 225;

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Year 222 (CCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Antoninus and Severus (or, less frequently, year 975 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 222 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Roman Empire

March 13 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber.^[1]^[2]
Alexander Severus succeeds Elagabalus. He is only 13 years old; his mother, Julia Avita Mamaea, governs the Roman Empire with the help of Domitius Ulpianus and a council composed of 16 senators.

China

Battle of Xiaoting/Yiling: The Chinese state of Shu Han is defeated by Eastern Wu.

By topic

Commerce

The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 35 percent under emperor Alexander Severus, down from 43 percent under Elagabalus.^[3]

Religion

October 14 – Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5-year reign in which he has stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by Cardinal Urban I.

Births

Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (d. 283)
Du Yu (or Yuankai), Chinese general and politician (d. 285)

Deaths

Elagabalus, Roman emperor (b. 203)
Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus (b. 180)
Annia Faustina, Roman noblewoman and empress
Bardaisan, Syriac scholar and philosopher (b. 154)
Callixtus I, pope of the Catholic Church
Cheng Ji (or Jiran), Chinese general
Feng Xi (or Xiuyuan), Chinese general
Hierocles, favourite and lover of Elagabalus
Liu Ba (or Zichu), Chinese official and politician
Ma Chao, Chinese general and warlord (b. 176)
Ma Liang, Chinese diplomat and politician (b. 187)
Xu Jing (or Wenxiu), Chinese official and politician
Zhang Liao (or Wenyuan), Chinese general (b. 169)

References

^ Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de (2010). The Emperor Elagabulus: Fact or Fiction?. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-89555-2.
^ Burgess, Richard W. (2014). Roman imperial chronology and early-fourth-century historiography. Historia Einzelschriften. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 65–66, 121. ISBN 978-3-515-10732-7. Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
^ Hopkins, T. C. F. (July 8, 2008). Empires, Wars, and Battles: The Middle East from Antiquity to the Rise of the New World. Tom Doherty Associates. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-4668-4171-0.

[1] Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de (2010). The Emperor Elagabulus: Fact or Fiction?. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-89555-2.

[2] Burgess, Richard W. (2014). Roman imperial chronology and early-fourth-century historiography. Historia Einzelschriften. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 65–66, 121. ISBN 978-3-515-10732-7. Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2024.

[3] Hopkins, T. C. F. (July 8, 2008). Empires, Wars, and Battles: The Middle East from Antiquity to the Rise of the New World. Tom Doherty Associates. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-4668-4171-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
 {{Year dab|222}}
-{{unreferenced|date=January 2017}}
+{{refimprove|date=June 2021}}
 {{Year nav|222}}
 {{M1 year in topic}}
 [[File:Alexander Severus Musei Capitolini MC471.jpg|thumb|Emperor [[Alexander Severus]]]]
 __NOTOC__
-Year '''222''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Antoninus and Severus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 975 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 222 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
+Year '''222''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. In the [[Roman Empire]], it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Antoninus and Severus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 975 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 222 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
 == Events ==
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==== Roman Empire ====
-* [[March 11]] &ndash; Emperor [[Elagabalus]] is assassinated, along with his mother, [[Julia Soaemias]], by the [[Praetorian Guard]] during a revolt. Their [[mutilation|mutilated]] bodies are dragged through the streets of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] before being thrown into the [[Tiber]].
+* [[March 13]] &ndash; Emperor [[Elagabalus]] is assassinated, along with his mother, [[Julia Soaemias]], by the [[Praetorian Guard]] during a revolt. Their [[mutilation|mutilated]] bodies are dragged through the streets of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] before being thrown into the [[Tiber]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Arrizabalaga y Prado |first=Leonardo de |title=The Emperor Elagabulus: Fact or Fiction? |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89555-2 |page=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Richard W. |url=https://www.steiner-verlag.de/en/Roman-Imperial-Chronology-and-Early-Fourth-Century-Historiography/9783515107327 |title=Roman imperial chronology and early-fourth-century historiography |date=2014 |publisher=Steiner |isbn=978-3-515-10732-7 |series=Historia Einzelschriften |location=Stuttgart |pages=65–66, 121 |access-date=16 June 2024 |archive-date=14 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614223454/https://www.steiner-verlag.de/en/Roman-Imperial-Chronology-and-Early-Fourth-Century-Historiography/9783515107327 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 * [[Alexander Severus]] succeeds Elagabalus. He is only 13 years old; his mother, [[Julia Avita Mamaea]], governs the [[Roman Empire]] with the help of [[Domitius Ulpianus]] and a council composed of 16 [[Roman Senate|senators]].
-==== Asia ====
+==== China ====
+* [[Battle of Xiaoting|Battle of Xiaoting/Yiling]]: The Chinese state of [[Shu Han]] is defeated by [[Eastern Wu]].
-* [[Three Kingdoms]]: [[Eastern Wu]] is established in China. Emperor [[Liu Bei]] invades with an army (100,000 men) the border of Eastern Wu in the [[Battle of Xiaoting|Battle of Yiling]], to retake the [[Jingzhou (ancient China)|Jing]] province. However, because of a tactical mistake, Liu Bei's [[military camp]]s are destroyed by the forces of [[Sun Quan]].
-* Also the year that Sir Dan Dangus crowned Ben Affleck Queen of the Stone Age. - sited by Doctor Daniel dingleheimer of Memorial university of Newfoundland.
 === By topic ===
 ==== Commerce ====
-* The [[silver]] content of the Roman [[denarius]] falls to 35 percent under emperor Alexander Severus, down from 43 percent under Elagabalus.{{fact|date=February 2012}}
+* The [[silver]] content of the Roman [[denarius]] falls to 35 percent under emperor Alexander Severus, down from 43 percent under Elagabalus.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hopkins |first1=T. C. F. |title=Empires, Wars, and Battles: The Middle East from Antiquity to the Rise of the New World |date=July 8, 2008 |publisher=Tom Doherty Associates |isbn=978-1-4668-4171-0 |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VndCz15GE4wC&pg=PT84 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==== Religion ====
@@ Line 31: / Line 30: @@
 == Births ==
+* [[Carus|Marcus Aurelius Carus]], Roman emperor (d. [[283]])
-* [[Du Yu]], general of the [[Jin dynasty (265–420)|Jin dynasty]] (d. [[285]])
+* [[Du Yu]] (or '''Yuankai'''), Chinese general and politician (d. [[285]])
 == Deaths ==
-* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Elagabalus]], Roman Emperor (murdered) (b. [[203]])
+* [[Elagabalus]], Roman emperor (b. [[203]])
-* [[Pope Callixtus I]]
 * [[Julia Soaemias]], mother of Elagabalus (b. [[180]])
-* [[Publius Valerius Comazon]], Roman general
+* [[Annia Faustina]], Roman noblewoman and empress
+* [[Bardaisan]], Syriac scholar and philosopher (b. [[154]])
-* [[Hierocles (charioteer)|Hierocles]], favourite of Elagabalus
+* [[Pope Callixtus I|Callixtus I]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
-* [[Bardaisan]], Syriac philosopher (b. [[154]])
+* [[Cheng Ji (Shu Han)|Cheng Ji]] (or '''Jiran'''), Chinese general
-* [[Feng Xi]], general of [[Shu Han]]
-* [[Fu Rong (Three Kingdoms)|Fu Rong]], general of [[Shu Han]]
+* [[Feng Xi]] (or '''Xiuyuan'''), Chinese general
+* [[Hierocles (charioteer)|Hierocles]], favourite and lover of Elagabalus
-* [[Liu Ba (Three Kingdoms)|Liu Ba]], Chinese politician (b. [[186]])
-* [[Ma Chao]], general of Liu Bei during the [[Three Kingdoms]] (one of the [[Five Tiger Generals]]) (b. [[176]])
+* [[Liu Ba (Three Kingdoms)|Liu Ba]] (or '''Zichu'''), Chinese official and politician
-* [[Ma Liang (Three Kingdoms)|Ma Liang]], general of [[Liu Bei]] (b. [[186]])
+* [[Ma Chao]], Chinese general and warlord (b. [[176]])
+* [[Ma Liang (Three Kingdoms)|Ma Liang]], Chinese diplomat and politician (b. [[187]])
-* [[Shamoke]], barbarian general of [[Shu Han]]
+* [[Xu Jing (Three Kingdoms)|Xu Jing]] (or '''Wenxiu'''), Chinese official and politician
-* [[Taurinus]], Roman rebel (drowned)
-* [[Wang Fu (Three Kingdoms)|Wang Fu]], official of [[Shu Han]]
+* [[Zhang Liao]] (or '''Wenyuan'''), Chinese general (b. [[169]])
-* [[Xu Jing (Three Kingdoms)|Xu Jing]], minister of [[Shu Han]]
-* [[Zhang Liao]], general of [[Cao Wei]] (b. [[169]])
 == References ==